RU2751561C1 - Passenger ekranoplan - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: public transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to passenger vehicles. The passenger ekranoplan contains a body with a cabin, wings, a vertical tail unit and elevation rudders. The body with the cabin has an autonomous towing unit carrying the ekranoplan engine, and connected to the latter by towing rods. There are seats and a control panel in the housing with a cab. Aircraft landing gear is installed in the lower part of the wings. The autonomous towing unit is made in the form of a front and rear light truck with a linear asynchronous traction motor. Autonomous towing installations are the rotors of a linear electric motor, the stator of which is located above the passenger ekranoplan and is fixed on supporting structures that form a transport overpass together with the latter.

EFFECT: invention is aimed at improving the stabilization of the ekranoplan relative to the axis of movement and braking, as well as preventing the possibility of foreign objects entering the rotor.

1 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to passenger vehicles designed for flights at low altitude above the earth's surface using screen affect.

A light ekranoplane is known, containing a displacement hull with a cockpit and a passenger, a low aspect ratio wing with a large root chord and an elliptical trailing edge, equipped with floats on the sides and a tail unit in the form of two keels with rudders and a stabilizer with an elevator controlled from the cockpit, as well as an autonomous towing motor unit carrying an ekranoplan engine, which is remotely controlled from the cockpit, while the ekranoplan hulls and moto units are interconnected by means of horizontal axial joints and telescopic shock absorbers by two parallel side towing rods with a remote engine control system located along them and included in contact with limit switches on the ekranoplan body [RU 2299822, B60V 1/08, publ. May 27, 2007].

The disadvantages of the analog are:

- limited possibilities of using only for sports or tourism purposes and the impossibility of using for economic passenger transportation on various routes;

- the extreme complexity of the mechanism and the process of manual control by the pilot from the cockpit with the course angle pedals, the aileron rudder and the ekranoplan elevator with simultaneous remote control of the motor unit engine modes;

- significant energy consumption.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved effect is a passenger ekranoplan containing a hull with a cabin, a low aspect ratio wing, a vertical two-fin tail unit with a stabilizer mounted on the keels with a hinged elevator, as well as an autonomous towing motor unit carrying the ekranoplan engine and connected by horizontal axial cylindrical joints and telescopic shock absorbers by two parallel side towing rods. A power electromagnet is placed in the cockpit to control the elevator. The towing motor unit is made in the form of a light trolley with a linear asynchronous traction motor, placed as a hinged type with the possibility of relative movement on an installed monorail. The cylindrical hinges of the movable attachment of the towing rods to the bodies of the ekranoplan and the bogie are equipped with electromagnetic coupling couplings, which provide a rigid relative fixation of the ekranoplan and the bogie in the specified motion modes. In this case, the elevator control electromagnet through the wiring system installed along the rods, and the clutches are electrically connected to the power source of the stator of the traction motor on the bogie and are equipped with contactless sensors for switching the driving modes. [RU 2624231, B60V 1/08, B60V 3/04, B61B 13/08, publ. 03.07.2017]

The disadvantages of the closest analogue are the increased danger associated with the possibility of foreign objects on the ground falling into the rotor, as well as the danger associated with insufficient stabilization of the flight in the horizontal and vertical planes.

The technical problems of the proposed utility model are the creation of a passenger vehicle that eliminates the disadvantages of the closest analogue.

The technical results of the proposed solution are the improvement of operational characteristics, namely: stabilization of the ekranoplan relative to the axis of motion and braking, prevention of the possibility of foreign objects on the ground getting into the rotor, increasing the safety of use, expanding the arsenal of means that realize their purpose in the form of a passenger ekranoplan.

The specified technical results are achieved by the fact that in a passenger ekranoplan containing a hull with a cabin, wings, a vertical tail, installed elevators, while the hull with a cabin has an autonomous towing unit that carries the ekranoplan engine and is connected to the latter by towing rods, while in the hull with the cockpit there are seats for passengers and a pilot with a control panel for the passenger ekranoplan, in the lower part of the wings, aircraft chassis are installed, and the autonomous towing unit is made in the form of a light trolley with a linear asynchronous traction motor, according to the claimed invention, the passenger ekranoplane is equipped with a front autonomous towing unit and a rear autonomous a towing unit located behind the hull with a cabin and made with the possibility of stabilizing the passenger ekranoplan relative to the axis of movement and braking, while the autonomous towing units are rotors of a linear electric motor spruce, and the stator is located above the passenger ekranoplan and is fixed on supporting structures, which together with the latter form a transport overpass.

During the flight of the passenger ekranoplan, due to uneven thrust, oncoming air flows, deviations of the passenger ekranoplan appear relative to the axis of motion. To exclude this, the passenger ekranoplan is equipped with a rear autonomous towing unit. During the movement, the rear autonomous towing unit switches to the braking mode, while the hull with the passenger ekranoplan cabin, connected to the rear autonomous towing unit, returns to the course to follow. Due to the use of the rear autonomous towing unit in the design of the passenger ekranoplan, a “tension force” arises between the front towing unit and the rear autonomous towing unit. The hull with the cabin of the passenger ekranoplan, located between the two front and rear autonomous towing installations and connected with the latter in front and behind the towing rods, due to the "tension forces" will tend to be located along the direction of the transport overpass and return to the position set along the course in the horizontal and vertical planes. In addition, the rear towing unit allows passengers to quickly and safely brake up to a full stop if necessary, which increases the safety of using the passenger ekranoplan, in general, and improves its operational characteristics; during the flight, involuntary "jerks" and movements relative to the axis of motion in all planes of space are excluded. Due to the location of the stator above the passenger ekranoplan fixed on supporting structures and autonomous towing installations, which are rotors of a linear electric motor, which together with the latter form a transport overpass installed above the earth's surface, it maximally excludes the ingress of foreign objects, animals, etc. along the route of the passenger ekranoplan, thereby ensuring the safety of operation of the passenger ekranoplan.

The passenger ekranoplan is illustrated by the drawings, where figure 1 shows a passenger ekranoplan, general view, figure 2 - a towing bar, figure 3 - a sectional view of the passenger ekranoplan engine device, figure 4 - a room for boarding and disembarking passengers, figure 5 is a sectional view of the arrangement of the room for embarking and disembarking passengers, in figure 6 - the internal arrangement of the cabin.

The passenger ekranoplan contains a body with a cabin 1 (Fig. 1). Wings 2 are fixed to the hull with cockpit 1 on the right and left. The hull with cockpit 1 in the rear part is equipped with a vertical tail 3. Elevators are installed on the wings 2. rods 6. The other ends of the towing rods 6 in the front part are connected to the front autonomous towing unit 7, and in the rear part they are connected to the rear autonomous towing unit 8. The towing rods 6 in their middle part have built-in telescopic shock absorbers 9 (Figs. 1, 2) ... The towing rods are made of a hollow tube, inside which cables 10 are installed (Fig. 2). to control the movement from the on-board computer (not shown in the figure) installed on the control panel 11 (Fig. 6) of the passenger ekranoplan. In the body with the cockpit 1 (Fig. 1) there are seats 12 (Fig. 6) for passengers and the pilot. In the lower part of the wings 2 (Fig. 1), aircraft landing gear 13 (Fig. 1) are installed. The passenger ekranoplan has a ladder 14 connected to the hull with the cabin 1 for lifting passengers on board. Front 7 and rear 8 autonomous towing units are made in the form of light bogies with a linear asynchronous traction motor. Autonomous towing installations 7, 8 (Fig. 1) are rotors 15 (Fig. 3) of a linear asynchronous electric motor, while the stator 16 is located above the passenger ekranoplan and is fixed to the support structures (not shown in the figure), which together with the latter form a transport overpass 17 (Fig. 4, 5), covered with a casing 18 of a domed cross-section. The rotor 15 (Fig. 3) from the ends has mounted roller bearings 19, made with the possibility of receiving the weight of the towing units 7, 8 in the event of a power outage and compensating for possible lateral displacements. Front autonomous towing unit 7 (Fig. 4) is traction and provides the movement of the passenger ekranoplan forward before lifting from the takeoff surface in the screen mode. The rear towing unit 8 is designed to stabilize the passenger ekranoplan relative to the axis of movement during movement and safe, if necessary, quick braking when descending from the altitude of the ground plane. The cover of the transport overpass 18 can be equipped with solar panels 20 to provide electrical energy, for example, to illuminate passenger pick-up areas.

The proposed device operates as follows. At rest, the passenger ekranoplan stands on the smooth surface of the runway. When a signal from the control panel 11 arrives at the start of the movement, the front autonomous towing unit 7 begins to accelerate along with the hull with the cabin 1 along the horizontal surface of the take-off surface. In this case, the rear autonomous towing unit 8 is switched on, if necessary, in reverse mode in the opposite direction relative to the movement of the front autonomous towing unit 7, moving behind the hull with the cabin 1, ensuring the stabilization of the hull with the cabin 1 of the passenger ekranoplan relative to the axis of motion in all planes. When the passenger ekranoplan reaches the takeoff speed from the control panel 11, a signal is sent to the elevators 4, which, in turn, take the required angle controlled by the on-board computer for lifting the passenger ekranoplan from the takeoff surface and provide it with a smooth ascent with an optimal height for the passenger ekranoplan screen flight mode.

If it is necessary to stop, the control process automatically proceeds in the following mode. The signal from the control panel 11 goes to the front autonomous towing unit 7 and the rear autonomous towing unit 8 about the start of braking, the speed of the passenger ekranoplan decreases, the elevators 4, controlled by the on-board computer, switch to the landing mode, changing the angle to the required one, while the rear autonomous the towing unit 8, working in the opposite mode opposite to the movement of the front autonomous towing unit 7, stabilizes possible displacements along the axis of movement during braking until the height and smooth lowering of the passenger ekranoplan until the aircraft landing gear 13 touches the surface and then comes to a complete stop.

The design features of the hull attachment with the cabin 1 and autonomous towing units 7, 8 allow you to adjust the flight height, and when they approach, lower the passenger ekranoplan to the surface for loading and unloading passengers. Towing rods 6, in their middle part having built-in telescopic shock absorbers 9, additionally compensate for possible jerks when raising and lowering the passenger ekranoplan.

Claims (1)

Passenger ekranoplan containing a hull with a cockpit, wings, a vertical tail, installed elevators, while the hull with a cockpit has an autonomous towing unit that carries an ekranoplan engine and is connected to the latter by towing rods, while the hull with a cockpit contains seats for passengers and a pilot with a control panel for the passenger ekranoplan, aircraft chassis are installed in the lower part of the wings, and the autonomous towing unit is made in the form of a light trolley with a linear asynchronous traction motor, characterized in that the passenger ekranoplan is equipped with a front autonomous towing unit and a rear autonomous towing unit located behind the hull with a cabin and made with the possibility of stabilizing the passenger ekranoplan relative to the axis of movement and braking, while the autonomous towing units are the rotors of the linear electric motor, and the stator is located above the passenger ekranoplan and secured en on the supporting structures, which together with the latter form a transport overpass.

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