RU198118U1 - INCREASED LOAD CAPACITY AMPHIBIA - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of aeronautics, namely to aircraft heavier than air, and can be used as a passenger-and-freight vehicle with the possibility of loading small-sized vehicles (snowmobile, ATV, etc.) under its own power. It consists of a glider, including the fuselage, made in the form of a monocoque boat with a tail boom and tail, a wing made of a freely supporting and trapezoidal plan with a convex-concave profile, equipped with flaps and ailerons, supporting floats are located under the wing consoles, above the fuselage the upper glazed hatch, on the sides of the fuselage there are niches for placing two main landing gears, which are removed by lifting and pressing to the lateral parts of the fuselage, and a niche for the third landing gear is located in the rear of the tail boom, while the tail boom is made with a flat upper surface and has a two-wing V-tail with a stabilizer and elevator on top of the keels, as well as power plants. The amphibian glider is a one-piece glider and is additionally equipped with front splash bumps located on the nose of the fuselage, the wing is equipped with mechanization - slotted flaps, which provide less landing speed, and consists of three parts: a center section and two consoles, while on the top the center section contains pylons with power plants installed on them. The cockpit is moved forward beyond the plane of rotation of the screws and is equipped with side doors for entry and exit of the crew. The aircraft fuselage includes the crew’s workstation, front technical compartment, passenger compartment and cargo compartment with loading ramp for loading small self-propelled equipment and other cargo. The tail boom is made straight, with a wide flat upper surface with spaced vertical plumage, and on the upper flat surface of the tail boom a sliding hatchway is made for loading and unloading and landing passengers. Advantages: increased carrying capacity without compromising reliability and economy during operation, the ability to load and unload bulky and long loads, provides ease of entry and exit of passengers, safe operation both from the water surface and from asphalt concrete sites and coastal strips. 1 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of aeronautics, namely, to aircraft heavier than air, and can be used as a passenger-and-freight vehicle, with the possibility of loading small-sized vehicles (snowmobile, ATV, etc.) under their own power.

The suspended amphibious aircraft is designed to take off both from a solid surface and from the surface of the water, preferably when transporting goods and passengers in areas with an underdeveloped road network, but with a developed water area, as well as for patrolling, rescue operations, reconnaissance of ice conditions, fire monitoring etc.

Known amphibious aircraft - LA-8RS (patent RU No. 169994, B64C 35/00, 02.02.2017), containing the fuselage in the form of a boat with contours that allow you to place retractable landing gear without changing the dimensions of the cockpit, and the fuselage is made as a single unit with a vertical keel plumage and is equipped with three doors (hatches): the main entrance hatch located on the upper part of the fuselage and providing landing and disembarkation of passengers or loading and unloading both afloat and on the ground, and two emergency-dumped side sealed hatches, tail boom with keel and tail unit, a wing made inseparable with a continuous spar and hinged to the fuselage, a power unit of two or more engines with pulling propellers, mounted on the wing, retractable three-post landing gear with front support, lateral stability floats located under the wing, part of which sealed and serves as fuel tanks and equipped with two-section flaps with the same and the deflection angles of the outer and inner sections of the flaps and ailerons, and the wingtips are sealed, while the tail unit is made crosswise, and a stabilizer with elevator and trim tabs is attached to the keel.

The disadvantage of this amphibious aircraft should be recognized as imperfect aerodynamic contours of the fuselage, which entails an increase in the drag of the amphibious aircraft.

The famous amphibious aircraft Dornier CD-2 Seastar (Canada) (https: //www.bjtonline.com/ aircraft / dornier-seaplane-company-seastar-cd2), which is the largest all-composite amphibious aircraft, is not subject to corrosion, which gives the ability to operate it in both salt and fresh water. The Dornier CD-2 Seastar is equipped with two RT-6 turboprop engines and has a cruising speed of 330 km / h and a flight range of 1300 km. Dornier CD-2 Seastar allows you to safely land on water at a wave height of up to 1 meter. This aircraft has the best flight performance in its class, it is reliable and versatile. The Dornier CD-2 Seastar is FAA and EASA certified.

The main disadvantage of this amphibious aircraft is the parasol wing mounting scheme, which significantly impairs the aerodynamic quality of the airframe and increases the drag coefficient (Cx). As well as a small access hatch located on the side of the fuselage, which complicates the loading and unloading of goods.

An amphibious aircraft is known (patent RU No. 173780, B64C 35/00, 09/11/2017), selected by the authors as a prototype, containing a fuselage made in the form of a boat - a monocoque, in which there is a cabin that unites the crew’s workstation and cargo compartment. The wing is made loose in the form of a single structure, with a convex-concave profile, trapezoidal in plan and equipped with flaps and ailerons. Supporting floats are located under the wing consoles. Engines are located above the wing on pylons in streamlined hoods. The fuselage smoothly passes into the tail boom with two keels arranged in a V-shape, at the tops of which there is a horizontal tail, consisting of a stabilizer, elevator and trimmer. The two main landing gear are retracted into the niches by lifting and pressing to the side of the fuselage. In the rear of the tail boom there is a niche for placing the tail support of the chassis. An entrance hatch is made on the back of the fuselage, which is the main means of entering and exiting the cabin located in the interior of the fuselage for crew, passengers and cargo. Above the crew seat at the top of the fuselage is the upper glazed hatch. The front and side surfaces of the fuselage cab are also glazed.

Disadvantages - low carrying capacity, an airplane of a different weight category, due to the small cargo hatch, loading of bulky and long loads is impossible. The presence of a wing of a unified design complicates routine maintenance of control systems and complicates the dismantling and installation of power plants.

The objective of the invention is the creation of an amphibious aircraft of increased carrying capacity with universal operating conditions.

The technical result is an increase in carrying capacity without compromising reliability and efficiency during operation; the ability to load and unload bulky goods; the possibility of loading and unloading small vehicles on their own; ease of entry and exit of passengers; the opportunity sits both on the water surface and on the coastal strip.

The technical result is achieved in that the amphibious aircraft of increased payload consists of a glider, including the fuselage, made in the form of a monocoque boat with a tail boom and tail, a wing made freely loaded and trapezoidal in plan with a convex-concave shape profile, equipped with flaps and with ailerons, supporting floats are located under the wing consoles, an upper glazed hatch is located above the fuselage, niches are located on the sides of the fuselage to accommodate two main landing gears, which are removed by lifting and pressing to the side of the fuselage, and a niche for the third landing gear is located in the rear of the tail boom, while the tail boom is made with a flat upper surface and has a two-keel V-shaped tail unit with a stabilizer and elevator on top of the keels, as well as power plants. The amphibian glider is a one-piece glider and is additionally equipped with front platforms - spray bumps located on the nose of the fuselage, the wing is equipped with mechanization - slotted flaps, which provide less landing speed, and consists of three parts - a center section and two consoles, while on the upper part the center section contains pylons with power plants installed on them. The cockpit is moved forward beyond the plane of rotation of the propellers and is equipped with side doors for entry and exit of the crew. The aircraft fuselage includes the crew’s workstation, front technical compartment, passenger compartment and cargo compartment with loading ramp for loading small self-propelled equipment and other cargo. The tail boom is made straight with a wide flat upper surface with spaced vertical plumage, and on the upper flat surface of the tail boom a sliding hatchway is made for loading and unloading and landing passengers.

A distinctive feature of an amphibious aircraft with increased payload is that the airframe is completely made of composite material, which increases maintainability and eliminates corrosion during operation in an active environment and improves its aerodynamic qualities. To date, composite materials have not been used in Russia for the production of aircraft of this dimension. As a composite material, fiberglass and carbon fabrics can be used, as well as the use of special epoxy resins that are not affected by ultraviolet radiation. What provides extra-hangar storage of an amphibious aircraft.

Aerodynamic contours of the fuselage, reaching 15 meters in length, provide laminar flow around the air flow, which reduces drag. Hydrodynamic contours of the lower part of the fuselage ensure safe operation, without tendency to a leopard, on the water surface at all design conditions and exclude water jets from entering the windshield, main rotor blades, wing and tail. The fuselage contours also create sufficient internal usable volume.

The tail boom of this heavy duty amphibious aircraft is equipped with a retractable gangway, which provides loading and unloading of small vehicles on their own.

The proposed wing structure, which has a total wingspan of 20 meters, is a detachable structure consisting of three elements - a center section and two consoles, which improves maintenance of control systems located in the wing and installation dismantling of aircraft power plants. The wing is equipped with advanced mechanization in the form of flaps and ailerons. The effective profile of the wing console is convex-concave, the presence of developed mechanization in the form of flaps, the absence of wing struts, the placement of engines on pylons above the wing together reduces drag and increases the wing lift.

The proposed design of an amphibious aircraft with increased carrying capacity is illustrated by graphic material, where in FIG. 1 is a side view, in FIG. 2 is a plan view and in FIG. 3 is a front view, with the following notation used: fuselage 1, center wing 2, wing consoles 3, flaps 4, ailerons 5, tail boom with keels and horizontal tail 6, main landing gear 7, niches for main landing 8, tail landing gear 9, a niche for the tail support 10, supporting floats 11, power plants 12, engine pylons 13; horizontal plumage 14, stabilizer 15, elevator 16, trimmer elevator 17; entrance hatch 18, retractable loading and unloading ladder 19, upper glazed hatch 20, entrance platform - spray baffle 21, wing tips 22, front door 23, rudders 24; the cockpit is equipped with two windshields 25 and two side windows 26.

In the basic embodiment, the proposed design of an amphibious aircraft with increased payload contains the fuselage 1, which is in the form of a monocoque boat and made of composite material, in which there is a cabin that combines the crew’s workstation and cargo compartment, separated by a power frame, niches 8 are located on the sides of the fuselage placing the main chassis in the retracted position. The wing is also made of composite material and consists of three components, a center wing 2 and two wing consoles connecting to it 3. The profile of each wing console has a convex-concave shape, trapezoidal in plan and equipped with flaps 4 and ailerons 5. Under the wing consoles 3 are located supporting floats 11. On the upper part of the center section 2 there are pylons 13, on which power plants 12 are mounted in streamlined hoods, which are arranged so that the plane of rotation of the screws are located behind the cockpit in a special safe area. The fuselage 1 smoothly passes into the tail boom 6 with two keels arranged in a V-shape, on the tops of which there is a horizontal tail unit 14 consisting of a stabilizer 15, a rudder 16 and a trimmer of the elevator 17. The two main landing gear 7 are removed by lifting and pressing to the side parts of the fuselage 1 in the niche 8. In the tail boom 6 there is a niche 10 for accommodating the tail support of the chassis 9. At the rear of the fuselage 1 there is an access hatch 18, which is the main means of entry and exit of passengers and loading and unloading of goods. In the bow of the fuselage on both sides there are two doors 23 for the entry and exit of crew members. On the front side parts of the fuselage are located platforms 21, serving simultaneously as steps for the entry and exit of the crew. Above the crew seat in the upper part of the fuselage 1 is located the upper glazed hatch 20. The front and side surfaces of the cockpit are also made glazed. The cabin glazing consists of two windshields 25 and two side windows 26. The design of the tail boom 6 is made single with a flat top surface, which ensures functional operation both on water and on a hard surface - it is equipped with an opening hatch 18 and a retractable loading and unloading ladder 19 , which makes it possible to use it for boarding and disembarking passengers, as well as loading and unloading goods, including small self-propelled vehicles under their own power.

This design of an amphibious aircraft provides increased carrying capacity without compromising reliability and economy during operation, the ability to load and unload bulky and long loads, provides convenient entry and exit of passengers, and also ensures safe operation both from the water surface and from asphalt-concrete platforms and coastal stripes.

Increased reliability of operation of the claimed design of an amphibious aircraft is ensured by the simplicity of piloting and safe operation in all design modes.

Claims (1)

Amphibious aircraft of increased carrying capacity, consisting of a glider, including the fuselage, made in the form of a monocoque boat with a tail boom and a tail, a wing made free-standing and trapezoidal in plan with a convex-concave profile, equipped with flaps and ailerons, located under the wing consoles supporting floats, an upper glazed hatch is located above the fuselage, niches are located on the sides of the fuselage to accommodate two main landing gears, which are removed by lifting and pressing to the side parts of the fuselage, and a niche for the third landing gear is located in the rear of the tail boom, while the tail boom is made with a flat upper surface and has a two-keel V-shaped tail with a stabilizer and elevator on top of the keels, as well as power plants, characterized in that the amphibian glider is a one-piece composite and is additionally equipped with front splash guards located on the nose of the fuselage, kry It is equipped with mechanization — slotted flaps, which serve to provide lower landing speed, and consists of three parts — a center section and two consoles, while pylons with power plants installed on them are located on the top of the center section; the cockpit is moved forward beyond the plane of rotation of the screws and is equipped with side doors for entry and exit of the crew; the aircraft fuselage includes the crew’s workstation, front technical compartment, passenger cabin and cargo compartment with loading ramp for loading small self-propelled equipment and other cargo; the tail boom is made straight with a wide flat upper surface with spaced vertical plumage, and on the upper flat surface of the tail boom a sliding hatchway is made for loading and unloading and landing passengers.

Images