RU2751219C1 - Underwater lighting lamp - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: lighting equipment.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the electric vacuum and electronic industry and can be used for underwater work in sea or ocean water of various types: open sea, coastal waters, bays, etc. The technical result is an increase in the efficiency of the lamp in the water of various types. The lamp for underwater lighting lamp is made in the form of a metal halide lamp with a 24-mm quartz shell, interelectrode distance is 45 mm, it has tungsten electrodes, is filled with argon (20 mm of mercury), mercury, 65 mg and thallium iodide, 5 mg. The lamp is filled with additives that give blue-green and yellow-red radiation.EFFECT: invention makes it easier to work underwater.1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The technical field to which the invention relates

The invention relates to the electrovacuum and electronic industry and can be used when carrying out underwater work in sea or ocean water of various types: open sea, coastal waters, bays, etc.

State of the art

Known standard halogen incandescent lamps, which were used in the first commercially available underwater submersible vehicles. However, the low light, color and performance characteristics of these light sources soon forced them to abandon them and turn to high-intensity discharge lamps of the MGL type (metal halide lamps): it became possible to "control" the radiation spectrum by selecting emitting additives. The generally accepted point of view in the 70s of the twentieth century was that the most suitable for the purposes of underwater lighting was a lamp with a mercury-thallium filling [Chernyshova N.V. New sources of continuous combustion for underwater lighting - Sat. Electrical industry, ser. Lighting products, 1972, No. 6, 26 - 27 p.], - PROTOTYPE.

It is this type of light sources that was in demand at the end of the twentieth century - mercury-thallium lamps with a power of 125, 250 and 400 W were developed and produced on an industrial scale, operating in both nominal and overload modes, and most importantly, the radiation of these lamps (which received the symbol DRTSf - arc, mercury-thallium, soffit) with a maximum of 535 nm corresponded to the "window of transparency" of clear sea (ocean) water. This was proved as a result of field experiments [Petrenko Yu.P. and others. Development of mercury-thallium lamps for underwater lighting. - Sat. Electrical industry ser. Lighting products 1982, No. 5, 10 - 11 p.].

However, mercury-thallium lamps, which proved themselves well in the late 1980s, turned out to be "limited" in terms of modern underwater technology and technology. For a number of works under water, for example, color television turned out to be in demand, i.e. more complex light sources, etc. have become necessary and in demand.

It is quite natural that the whole variety of underwater work, even for appraisal ones, i.e. for black-and-white television and film broadcasts, as well as for visual studies, it turned out to be tied to the type of water, depth, cleanliness, distance from the coast, type of pollution, etc.

Modern underwater work - maintenance and repair of ships, exploration of the seabed, search, detection and survey of sunken ships, underwater geology and archeology, etc. etc., are so diverse and diverse that mercury-thallium lamps are far from always effective for all this set of different conditions and options. A more thorough study of the conditions for their use indicates serious limitations associated with the type of water, which is ultimately determined by its transmission spectrum in the visible range.

The transmission spectra of seawater were studied in the 60s - 80s of the XX century by many researchers, however, we will refer to the already classical work [A.A. Rogova Underwater photography, 1964], from the variety of publications on this topic.

As shown in FIG. 1, it is permissible to use other spectral ranges of radiation (or expansion of existing ones) for different types of water:

- in the open sea (ocean), blue-violet radiation will be in demand, its addition to the resonant radiation of thallium with a wavelength of 535 nm will significantly increase the radiant flux in the transparency range of this type of water;

- for coastal waters and in bays, lighting during any underwater work requires the addition of yellow and even red radiation (it is known that the so-called "muddy" waters are characterized by this very feature).

In principle, without thinking too much, you can, of course, make some kind of combined lighting system with several lamps, for example, containing a lighting device with a mercury-thallium lamp and lamps with lamps giving violet and yellow-red radiation, while turning on the required lamp in turn to provide the required spectral range, however, such a design will significantly complicate the lighting installation and reduce its reliability, which is highly undesirable in such equipment. Much easier, given the data shown in FIG. 1, to make one lamp with emitting additives that enhance part of the luminous flux of the required spectral range. As already mentioned, for clean seawater, the lamp should emit in the blue-violet range, for muddy and polluted coastal waters, an additive that emits in the yellow-red part of the spectrum will be effective. Considering that the difference in the "types" of water is rather arbitrary, the radiation spectrum should not consist of far-apart individual lines: the range of 450 - 650 nm should be filled as completely as possible and preferably with high-intensity lines, and the broadening of the lines should not be significant, not large there must also be a background radiation, i.e. the lamp must be of high pressure and optimized for the intended purpose and appropriate filling. At the same time, we conventionally assume that the base (main) line should be the 535 nm thallium line. In this case, i.e. in our solution, no matter what type of water the lamp is turned on, its radiation will always contain, in addition to the 535 nm line, an additional spectral range with a luminous flux corresponding to the spectrum of the required type of water. A different, "unnecessary" radiation spectrum of a given lamp by this type of water will simply be absorbed, creating a small halo of scattered radiation around the lamp (luminaire), without interfering with the passage of the main (required) radiation.

The following should also be noted. The closest to the proposed technical solution is (prototype) a mercury-thallium lamp both in design - a quartz shell with tungsten electrodes, and in filling - mercury, argon, thallium iodide. However, the expansion of the field of application of such sources is associated with the expansion of the spectral composition of radiation by introducing other additional radiating additives into the arc discharge. Moreover, a simple selection of additives [Tables of spectral lines, ed. Seidel], it is very difficult to “fill” the necessary spectral range for this purpose due to the differences in the physicochemical properties of materials emitting in the same spectral range, ie. selection of radiating additives should be carried out on the basis of an analysis of the whole variety of characteristics of materials (in particular, the temperature dependence of vapor pressure and self-absorption and self-reversal processes, radiation output, etc.). And by creating (regulating) the modes of saturated and unsaturated - precisely dosed - vapors of a particular additive, they solve the problem of the quantitative dosage of the radiating metal. Therefore, the selection of radiating additives is carried out both from theoretical premises and from engineering intuition, experience, and practical verification of the operation of the radiating additives in the discharge.

And more about the expediency of using discharge lamps relatively "fashionable" now LED lighting. Despite the well-known advantages of LEDs, there are a number of properties of discharge light sources that leave them in the "niche" of the most popular lamps for underwater lighting, which include, for example, the ability to illuminate remote or hard-to-reach objects (cracks, crevices in the seabed, etc.) short-term (from several seconds to several minutes) mode of electrical overload by the power (current) of the lamp, the relative complexity of the power supply of LED systems, the high sensitivity of the reliability of LEDs to the characteristics of the power supply, etc.

Disclosure of the essence of the invention

The aim of this invention is to provide a high-pressure lamp with a mercury base for underwater lighting of a universal type (for all types of sea and ocean water).

This goal is achieved by introducing additives into the mercury-thallium discharge that give blue-green and yellow-red radiation with the following ratio of components (in wt%):

indium iodide (451 nm) 10-30 barium bromide (553 nm) 20-25 sodium iodide (587/589 nm) 10-15 lithium iodide (610, 670 nm) 20-25 potassium iodide (765, 769 nm) 20-25

The wavelengths of the most intense emission lines for this element are given in parentheses, with the emission of indium in the blue region of the spectrum (451 nm), barium in yellow-green, sodium in yellow, and lithium and potassium in red. The emission spectrum of such a lamp is enhanced by the green line of thallium - 535 nm and has very intense violet and blue-green emission lines of mercury (404 nm, 436 nm, 546 nm, etc.), i.e. there is no need to "amplify" the blue-violet part of this lamp. But the red component, which is given by lithium and especially intense potassium lines (albeit at the line of sight), together with yellow sodium radiation, will provide illumination in turbid and opaque environments.

Implementation of the invention

Technologically, the dosage can be carried out both in the form of halides and in the form of pure metals and iodides and mercury bromides, and in the initial period of lamp operation, corresponding reactions occur, leading to the required composition in the discharge gap (see Fig. 2).

An example of a specific execution

Metal halide lamp with a quartz shell diameter of 24 mm, an interelectrode distance of 45 mm, tungsten electrodes, filled with argon 20 mm Hg. Art., mercury - 65 mg and thallium iodide - 5 mg, received a dosage:

lithium iodide - 4 mg

indium iodide - 4 mg

potassium iodide - 4 mg

barium bromide - 6 mg

sodium iodide - 2 mg

The electric power of the lamp was 400 W, the voltage across the lamp was 132 V at a mains voltage of 220 V. The lamp was connected to the mains with a ballast choke and an igniter. Spectral measurements were carried out with an AVANTES spectrometer, model Ava Spec - ULS 3648. At higher values than those indicated in the claims of the filling components, an opaque coating (usually dark brown) appears on the inner surface of the quartz shell; accordingly, the radiation falls sharply, the lamp does not performs its main functions. When the dosage is reduced below the stated values, the blue-green part first disappears, and then the red one. Overloading this structure in terms of power can lead to the processes of broadening and self-reversal of lines, which results in a decrease in radiation in the ranges we need, i.e. the lamp stops performing its functions.

Claims (3)

A high-pressure lamp with a mercury base for underwater lighting, characterized in that additives that give blue-green and yellow-red radiation are additionally introduced into the mercury-thallium discharge, with the following ratio of components, wt. %: indium iodide (451 nm) 10-30 barium bromide (553 nm) 20-25 sodium iodide (587 \ 589 nm) 10-15 lithium iodide (610, 670 nm) 20-25 potassium iodide (765, 769 nm) 20-25

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