RU2033654C1 - Metal halide lamp for attraction of fish - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering. SUBSTANCE: metal halide lamp has discharge tubular envelope with hermetically sealed electrodes and filled with inert gas, thallium halide, cerium halide (or additions forming cerium halide in discharge tube) and, is necessary, mercury and/or thorium and and/or cesium halide. Novelty is that discharge tube has additionally zinc halide. Molar ratio of zinc halide to cerium halide is within 0.3 and 8. The rest of components are taken in the following amounts: inert gas 0.5 - 100 kPa, thallium halide (0,2-2,5)×10^-6 mol/cm³,, halide of rare-earth element, for instance, cerium (or additions forming above-indicated amount of cerium halide) - mercury, if used, 10^-6, thorium, if used, 10^-6, cesium halide, if used, 10^-6 . Iodides, bormides, chlorides or their mixture can be used as halides. EFFECT: increased efficiency, enhanced ecological properties of lamp. 3 cl, 1 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to the electrical industry and can be used in the production of metal halide lamps (MGL), designed to attract fish.

 One of the most effective ways of fishing sea fish is night fishing, where the main element performing the function of bait is an electric light source.

 To date, conventional lighting lamps have been used to attract fish. However, due to differences in the spectral sensitivity of the human eye and fish, as well as the characteristics of the spectral transmittance of sea water, these lamps were not very effective [1] For this reason, special highly efficient lamps are currently being developed to attract fish.

Closest to the invention is taken as a prototype MGL containing a quartz discharge tube with sealed electrodes. The composition of the filling of the discharge tube includes halides of rare-earth elements, sodium, thallium and tin [2]
However, this lamp is not effective enough in terms of attracting fish due to the lack of radiation in the spectral range of 400-500 nm, which corresponds to the maximum spectral sensitivity of the dark-adapted retina of marine fish ("night vision"). Therefore, the fish eye reacts to light of a given spectral composition of radiation only at relatively high levels of illumination and weakly reacts or does not react at all at low levels of illumination, which significantly reduces the distance from which the lamp can attract fish.

 The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the lamp.

The goal is achieved in that in MGL to attract fish containing a gas discharge tube with hermetically sealed electrodes, filled with an inert gas at a pressure of 0.5-100 kPa, a rare-earth element halide (or additives forming a rare-earth element halide in the discharge tube) and thallium halide, the discharge tube additionally contains zinc halide, and the molar ratio of zinc halide to rare earth halide is selected in the range from 0.3 to 8, and the remaining components are taken in the following amounts x:
Rare Halide -
grinding element
(or additives
the aforementioned
amount of halide
rare earth element) (0.08-2.5) x10 ^-6 mol / cm ³
Thallium halide (0.2-2.5) x 10 ^-6 mol / cm ³
As halides, iodides, chloride bromides or a mixture thereof can be used.

 The addition of zinc halide increases the fraction of radiation in the spectral range of 400-500 nm (zinc lines 468; 472.2; 481.1 nm), while the fish’s eye begins to respond to light at low light levels (as night vision is turned on) by more distant distance from the light source, which significantly increases the efficiency of the lamp, and therefore the process of attracting fish.

 When the molar ratio of zinc halide to rare earth halide is less than 0.3, the emission of zinc in the spectral range of 400-500 nm is not enough to significantly increase the efficiency of the lamp. When the molar ratio of zinc halide to rare earth halide is greater than 8, zinc halide begins to negatively affect the lamp efficiency, since the radiation intensity of the lamp is excessively reduced in the green region of the spectrum.

 It is advisable to use cerium halide having a multi-line emission spectrum with a maximum in the green region as a rare-earth halide.

 At an inert gas pressure less than 0.5 kPa, the atomization of the electrodes increases during the start-up period, and at a pressure exceeding 100 kPa, the ignition voltage increases excessively.

The lower dosage value of thallium halide (0.2x10 ^-6 mol / cm ³ ) is determined by the need to have sufficient vapor pressure, taking into account the inevitable decrease in the number of halides as a result of interaction with the material of the discharge tube and electrodes during the service life. The upper dosage of thallium halide (2.5 x 10 ^-6 mol / cm ³ ) and cerium halide (2.5 x 10 ^-6 mol / cm ³ ) is determined by the fact that their excessive amount worsens the lamp characteristics due to an increase in the amount of contaminants entering the discharge tube together with halides.

If necessary, mercury (0.1-18) x10 ^-6 mol / cm ³ , thorium (0.01-0.2) x10 ^-6 mol / cm ³ and cesium halides (0.05- 0.6) x 10 ^-6 mol / cm ³ . But in the lamps according to the invention, their presence is optional. Mercury is used to increase the gradient of potential. When the dosage of mercury is less than 0.1x10 ^-6 mol / cm ³ , its contribution to increasing the potential gradient is not significant, and when the dosage exceeds 18.0x10 ^-6 mol / cm ³ , the lamp can operate in saturated mercury vapor mode, which reduces stability characteristics.

Thorium introduced into the discharge tube due to the halogen cycle is transferred to the electrodes, reducing their work function. When the dosage of thorium is less than 0.01x10 ^-6 mol / cm ³ , a significant decrease in the work function of the electrodes is not provided, and excessive dosage of more than 0.2x10 ^-6 mol / cm ³ leads to instability of the discharge.

Cesium halide is introduced into the discharge tube to increase the stability of the discharge. At a dosage of cesium halide less than 0.05x10 ^-6 mol / cm ³ , its effect is not significant, and at a dosage exceeding 0.6x10 ^-6 mol / cm ³ , the efficiency of the lamp decreases, since part of its power is spent on useless radiation of cesium in the infrared region of the spectrum.

 An additional advantage of the lamps according to the invention is the improvement of environmental properties, since, ceteris paribus, less mercury is required for normal lamp operation, moreover, a mercury-free lamp is possible. This is due to the fact that zinc halide significantly increases the gradient of the discharge potential.

 The design of the lamp according to the invention is similar to traditional MGL (with the exception of the filling components of the emitting additives).

 Examples of specific performance are shown in the table.

For the examples given in the table of specific embodiments of lamps with a power of 1000 and 2000 W, cerium iodide is formed in the discharge tube by the following reaction:
Ce ₂ O ₃ + 3HgJ ₂ + 2Al = 2CeJ ₃ + Al ₂ O ₃ + 3Hg, moreover, in the first case, 0.39 x 10 ^-6 mol / cm ^{3 is formed} , and in the second 0.17x10 ^-6 mol / cm ³ iodide cerium.

 The lamp operates as follows. When a mains voltage and a high-voltage ignition pulse are applied to the lamp (depending on the method of lamp ignition), an electrical breakdown occurs between the electrodes of the discharge tube and the discharge is ignited in an inert gas medium. This is followed by a lamp ignition period (5-15 minutes), during which the discharge tube is heated to an operating temperature at which the filling components evaporate. During the ignition period, the electrical and light parameters are stabilized, after which the lamp enters the operating mode. In the operating mode, the radiation of the lamp is mainly determined by the radiation of cerium (a multi-line spectrum with a maximum in the green region), thallium with a line of 535 nm and zinc in lines of 468; 472.2; 481.1 nm. The light output of the lamps is 80-100 lm / W (depending on the lamp power).

 The DRI 2000-12 lamp, designed to attract fish, was developed at the Lisma Open Society for Education and Science.

Claims (2)

1. A metal halide lamp for attracting fish, containing a discharge tube with hermetically sealed electrodes, filled with an inert gas at a pressure of 0.5 to 100 kPa, a rare-earth element halide or additives forming it during operation and a thallium halide, characterized in that the discharge tube additionally contains a halide zinc, and the molar ratio of zinc halide to rare earth halide is selected in the range from 0.3 to 8, and the remaining components are taken in the following amounts, mol / cm:
Rare earth halide (or additives forming the indicated amount of rare earth halide) (0.08 2.5) · 10 ^{- 5}
Thallium halide (0.2 2.5) x 10 ^{- 6}
2. The lamp according to claim 1, characterized in that cerium halide is selected as the rare earth halide. 3. The lamp according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the discharge tube additionally contains mercury in an amount of (0.1 18) · 10 ^{- 6} mol / cm, and / or thorium (0.01 0.2) · 10 ^{- 2} mol / cm, and / or cesium halide (0.05 0.6) · 10 ^{- 6} mol / cm.

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