RU2751117C1 - Method for increasing yield of spring wheat - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture. The method for increasing the yield of spring wheat includes spraying wheat with a postemergence herbicide Scorpio Super in the tillering phase, in recommended doses, while a 0.1% aqueous solution of carboxymethylated oat flower films is added to the herbicide at the following ratio of the initial components, wt. %: herbicide Scorpio Super 90-70, 0.1% aqueous solution of carboxymethylated oat flower films 10-30.

EFFECT: proposed method for increasing the yield of spring wheat provides an increase in yield up to 5%, which became possible with an increase in the effectiveness of the herbicide due to the introduction of an aqueous solution of carboxymethylated flower films of oats, which reduces the surface tension of the working solution.

1 cl, 1 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used to increase the productivity of agricultural plants, in particular wheat.

Recently, agricultural producers of various levels are increasingly turning to affordable and effective growth-stimulating substances that are products of innovative technologies. These categories of drugs allow, with minimal financial costs, to increase the productivity of crops and the quality of products, to reduce its cost, which is the most important criterion in the harsh conditions of a market economy when organizing highly efficient crop production.

There are various methods of regulating the growth of grain crops using natural and synthetic biologically active substances, such as biostimulants from peat, fern, roots of creeping wheatgrass (Application of growth regulators in crop production. Directory. - Chisinau, Shtiintsa, 1981, p. 156; Application of France No. 2387598, CL A01N 5/00, 1987). But these known biologically active substances are quite expensive.

Known methods of increasing the productivity of agricultural crops by treating vegetative plants with biologically active substances, which are complex organic compounds (Nickell L. J. Plant growth regulators. Application in agriculture. M .: Kolos, 1984). However, their use is associated with environmental pollution.

A known method of processing grain crops (US Pat. RF No. 2099932, class A01G 7/06, A01N 33/12, 1995), in which potassium hydroxide is used as a biologically active substance. Spraying is carried out immediately after flowering with a potassium hydroxide solution at a concentration of 0.03-3% with a working fluid flow rate of 450-460 l / ha.

There is also known a method of processing agricultural crops (US Pat. RF No. 2159999, class A01G 1/00, A01N 25/00, 1999), in which the stimulating effect of potassium hydroxide as a biologically active substance on the formation of crop yields is enhanced by additional supply of forming seeds (fruits ) nutrients: potassium or ammonium nitrate at a concentration of 0.01-10.0% and potassium permanganate at a concentration of 0.0001-0.1%, while the treatment of plants is carried out at the beginning of the formation of reproductive organs of reproduction.

The disadvantage of the known methods of processing agricultural crops in order to increase their productivity is low efficiency. Treatment with potassium hydroxide solution is nothing more than a small potassium supplement. In addition, such concentrations of alkali are dangerous for vegetative plants, since burns of leaves and ears are possible. There is a known method of increasing the yield of wheat and other agricultural crops (A. Bezkorovainy and others, "Aviation use of growth regulators on crops." Working meeting on the program "Regulators of plant growth and development" (Moscow, July 16-18, 1991, M. , - 1991, p. 93. - VASKHNIL and the Moscow Agricultural Academy named after Timiryazev), which consists in the treatment of crops with a plant growth regulator in the phase of heading and filling of grain, which is used as sodium humate at a dose of 50-80 g / ha in a mixture with a 30% urea solution.

The disadvantage of the known method of processing agricultural crops in order to increase their yield, as well as the above described methods, is its insufficient efficiency. The use of a 30% solution of urea is a nitrogen fertilization of grain crops, the concentration of urea is quite high, which results in burns of leaves and ears.

A known method of feeding agricultural plants, in particular oats (pat. RF No. 2459403, class A01C 21/00, 2011), including spraying by fine irrigation of the aerial part of vegetating plants with a solution of biologically active substances in irrigation water containing silver ions.

Top dressing is carried out once at the germination stage, and the source of silver ions is a colloidal solution of nano silver particles AgBion-2 with a concentration of 0.00027% in the working fluid at a rate of its consumption of 250 l / ha.

However, silver is an expensive material and its use is often not economically justified. Being a heavy metal, the use of a colloidal solution of nano-particles of silver requires strict adherence to the regulations for its use, otherwise you can get not only a decrease in product quality, but also a deterioration in the environmental situation.

A known method of processing agricultural plants, in particular oats (pat. RF No. 2492612, class A01C 1/00, 2012, prototype), including spraying by fine irrigation of a single above-ground part of vegetative plants in the tillering stage with an aqueous solution of organo-mineral fertilizer, which is extract from granulated peat ameliorant "Agrogumat Extra", obtained by infusing granules of peat ameliorant "Agrogumat Extra" in water with a temperature of 20 ° C for 7 days at a ratio: 1 part of granules of peat ameliorant "Agrogumat Extra" to 2 parts of water, followed by shaking the mixture and filtering through a sieve with a mesh size of 0.5 mm. The concentration of the working fluid is 1.0%, the rate of its consumption is 250 l / ha.

The disadvantage of this method is the high complexity of the preparation of an aqueous solution of organomineral fertilizer, which complicates its widespread use.

All of these methods have one common drawback. They do not stay on plants for long. They are washed away by rain, dew, and also quickly evaporate, turning into a form that is difficult for plants to access.

Known adhesives (agrolip, liposam, tandem, etc.) for plants used in conjunction with fungicides, herbicides and insecticides to eliminate the above disadvantage. However, all of them are of chemical origin and have a not entirely clear effect on the development of plants and the resulting products.

The problem solved by this invention is the use of effective biological preparations for growing the main grain crop, which have both growth-regulating and adjuvant properties and provide a stable increase in yield.

The technical result from solving the problem is to increase the effectiveness of the herbicidal preparation (in particular, Scorpio Super) by lengthening the time of its impact on cereal weeds.

The present problem is solved by the fact that in the method of increasing the yield of spring wheat, including spraying it with the postemergence herbicide Scorpio Super in the tillering phase, in recommended doses, before spraying, 0.1% is added to the herbicide, an aqueous solution of carboxymethylated oat flower films at the following ratio of components, mass ... %:

Scorpio herbicide Super 90-70 0.1% aqueous solution of carboxymethylated oat flowering films 10-30

The drug is made from plant materials (oat flower films) and exhibits the following main properties:

- easily soluble in water, promotes thickening of aqueous solutions;

- retains viscosity for a long time;

- forms a transparent and durable film when dry;

- has stable binding and stabilizing properties;

- has no smell;

As "adhesives" are usually used film-forming vegetable gels, emulsifiable rubbers, mineral and vegetable oils, waxes, water-soluble polymers.

Carboxymethylation of oat flower films is carried out in accordance with the method described in patent RU 2130947.

For this, oat flower films are treated with sodium hydroxide solution in isopropyl alcohol for 0.5-6.0 h at 20-150 ° C, then with monochloroacetic acid for 0.5-4.0 h at 20-60 ° C.

Table 1 shows the yield of spring wheat Torridon at different concentrations of the preparation of carboxymethylated oat flower films with the herbicide Scorpio Super.

The working solution of the drug is obtained by dissolving the carboxymethylated product in an aqueous solution of the anti-gramineous herbicide and bringing the solution to the desired concentration. Then, with the obtained working solution, the wheat crops are processed.

Studies of the proposed method were carried out at the following concentration of an aqueous solution of carboxymethylated oat flower films:

1) 0.02% solution at a working fluid consumption rate of 200 l / ha;

2) 0.1% solution at a working fluid consumption rate of 200 l / ha;

3) 0.5% solution at a working fluid consumption rate of 200 l / ha;

The optimal concentration of the working solution with the content of 0.1% of the drug in the working solution and the rate of consumption of the working fluid 200 l / ha were established experimentally. When the content in the working solution of 0.02% of the preparation of carboxymethylated flower films of oats, a reliable increase in yield was not obtained. An increase in the concentration of carboxymethylated oat flower films of 0.5% has a positive effect at the level of 0.1% of the drug content in the working solution and therefore is not economically justified.

Example.

Plotting experiments were carried out on the experimental field of the Altai State Agrarian University in 2020 on wheat plants of the Torridon variety. The area of the experimental plot is 50,000 sq.m, the area of the accounting plot is 2000 sq.m. The experiment scheme included 4 variants, fourfold repetition. As a control, there was a variant without treatment of crops with a preparation of carboxymethylated oat flower films.

On the variants of the experiment, treatment was carried out by spraying vegetative wheat plants with the full onset of the tillering phase with a tank mixture of the Scorpio Super herbicide with a preparation obtained on the basis of oat flower films with a working fluid concentration of 0.02; 1.0; 0.5; and the rate of its consumption and 200 l / ha by fine-dispersed irrigation in dry calm weather.

Visually, on the treated wheat crops, an increase in the effect of the herbicide was observed in comparison with the control.

Counting of the yield was carried out by a continuous method using a Vector 410 combine in the phase of full grain ripeness.

Thus, it has been experimentally established that the preparation of carboxymethylated oat flower films is indeed an effective organic agent for use as an adhesive - adjuvant in a tank mixture with an anti-oat herbicide on wheat and provides an increase in yield up to 5%. The positive effect of the use of the preparation of carboxymethylated oat flower films is due to a decrease in the surface tension of the working solution, the herbicide lasts longer and quickly overcomes the wax coating on the surface tissues of weeds. The effect of the herbicide is increased by 10-20%.

Claims (2)

A method for increasing the yield of spring wheat, including spraying it with the postemergence herbicide Scorpio Super in the tillering phase, in recommended doses, characterized in that before spraying, a 0.1% aqueous solution of carboxymethylated oat flower films is added to the herbicide at the following ratio of the initial components, wt. %: Scorpio herbicide Super 90-70 0.1% aqueous solution of carboxymethylated oat flowering films 10-30