RU2750194C1 - Method for absorption of combustion and explosion products in underground mine workings and tunnels and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: present invention is intended for the absorption of combustion and explosion products in underground mine workings and tunnels. The method for absorbing combustion and explosion products in mine workings and tunnels includes the installation of several rows of double pockets filled with a filler made of perforated two-layer polyethylene, fixed on brackets at a distance of 1 m from each other. On the line of the first double pockets, the temperature of the combustion and explosion products decreases due to the evaporation of dry ice. The absorption of combustion and explosion products occurs on a coal sorbent placed in other double pockets. The device for implementing the method consists of several rows of double pockets with the filler fixed on hanging brackets at a distance of 1 m from each other by means of fasteners. Double pockets are made of perforated double-layer polyethylene, soldered into honeycombs. The honeycombs of double pockets are placed in sequence: three double pockets filled with dry ice, followed by two double pockets filled with carbon adsorbent, after which the sequence is repeated.

EFFECT: increasing efficiency of absorption of combustion and explosion products with a simultaneous decrease in probability of damage to the mine work and the safety of the equipment located in it.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The present invention is intended for the absorption of combustion and explosion products in underground mines and tunnels.

The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used to combat combustion and explosion products during blasting operations in mine workings and tunnels, as well as in the localization of combustion products during fires in mine workings and tunnels.

The technical result consists in the development of a universally applicable method and device for the localization and absorption of combustion and explosion products.

In the patents of the Russian Federation, it is proposed to use suspended water tanks or double water pockets on mounts as such a method and devices.

In the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2490471 "Anti-explosion barrier from double water pockets" dated 08/20/2013 [1] (patent holder DR CLAUS SCHULTE GMBH CHEMISCH TECHNISCHE FABRICATION), a device is described, consisting of a set of identically made, so-called, double water pockets. The pockets are suspended from the fasteners. On the side of the pockets there are holes for filling and draining water. The fence can be easily mounted and dismantled, easily filled with water and, if necessary, can be quickly transferred.

In the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2154165 "Method and device for suspending and installing explosion-proof water reservoirs in underground mines and tunnels" dated 08/10/2000 [2] (patent holder RURKOLE AKTSIENGEZELSHAFT), a device consisting of water reservoirs on suspended devices is described. S-shaped hooks of these devices are hooked up to the support with their upper ends, and chains are put on the lower ends of the hooks, and several hanging brackets located one above the other are introduced into two chains hung next to each other, and water tanks are hung or laid on cross beams mounted on the hanging brackets.

The described method and devices can be taken as prototypes.

The main disadvantage of the prototypes is that the specified method and devices use water as a filler. When hot gases pass through, the integrity of the tank or double pocket may be compromised with water flowing out onto the floor. In order to heat one liter of water by one degree, 4.1868 kJ of energy is required [3]. The time required for complete absorption of heat is much longer than the propagation time of explosion and combustion products. Having spilled onto the floor, water will evaporate, creating an additional load on the support and walls of the mine working with water vapor, which can lead to an emergency collapse of the mine working. In addition, non-evaporated water and water vapor will absorb explosion products hazardous to humans and it will be problematic to remove them.

The aim of the invention is to improve the efficiency of absorption of combustion and explosion products while reducing the likelihood of damage to the mine workings and the safety of the equipment placed in it.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in order to absorb the explosion products, double pockets are hung on the mounts at a distance of 1 meter from each other.

The pocket is made of perforated two-layer polyethylene, soldered into honeycombs of 0.5 * 0.5 m. Each honeycomb can accommodate a volume of 4 dm ³ , weight up to 4 kg. Instead of water, dry ice is used as a filler in the first pockets, and coal sorbent is used in the next pockets.

For example, for a cross-sectional area of penetrations (mine workings) equal to 5.4 m [4], it is necessary to use 12 pockets with dry ice and 8 pockets with coal sorbent for each unit of excess pressure in the front of a suitable wave. In this case, you need 160 kg of dry ice and 320 kg of coal sorbent.

The order of the location of the pockets in the direction along the mine for excess pressure in a suitable wave of 1 atm:

,

,

where SL is a pocket with dry ice, U is a pocket with coal.

The method is based on cooling the products of combustion and explosion by evaporation of dry ice and their absorption by the coal sorbent.

Compared with water, which has a specific heat of vaporization of 2256.2 kJ / kg, only 379.5 kJ / kg is required for the evaporation of dry ice [3.5]. This will provide more efficient, and most importantly, rapid evaporation of the substance with simultaneous cooling of the hot explosion products. The vapor pressure, at temperatures above 250 ° C, formed during the evaporation of dry ice is 56.5 atmospheres [3.5] compared to water vapor having a pressure of about 100 atmospheres, which is more acceptable from the point of view of the safety of the mine workings.

Modern coal sorbents (for example, coal AG-5, KT-16, KT-17) have a high absorption coefficient, especially at high temperatures, not inferior in this to water. Moreover, they are more easily and safely removed after an accident.

The proposed method includes installing fasteners at a certain distance from each other, hanging on them double pockets made of perforated two-layer polyethylene, soldered into honeycombs 0.5 * 0.5 m, filled with dry ice or carbon sorbent.

The essence of the proposed method consists in the following sequence of actions:

perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the mine workings on the fastenings there are double pockets with dimensions equal to the section of the mine workings, at a distance of 1 meter from each other;

honeycomb double pockets are filled with dry ice and carbon sorbent in the sequence indicated above;

the products of combustion and explosion, passing through double pockets with dry ice, cause the evaporation of dry ice, as a result of which the products of combustion and explosion are cooled;

when cooled, the products of combustion and explosion decrease in volume and exert less pressure on the shaft of the mine, which is more acceptable from the point of view of the safety of the mine;

the products of combustion and explosion, passing through the subsequent double pockets, are absorbed by the carbon sorbent;

the cooling and absorption processes are repeated for each alternation of changing the filler from dry ice to coal sorbent and vice versa;

at the end of the cleanup, the double pockets can be easily removed and disposed of.

The absorption device consists of many identical double pockets.

FIG. 1 shows a double pocket (1) fixed to the bracket (2) by means of fasteners (3). A double pocket, equal to the cross-section of the tunnel, is made of perforated two-layer polyethylene, soldered into honeycombs 0.5 * 0.5 m (4) with filling holes at the top of each honeycomb. At the top of the double pocket (1), holes (5) are made for fasteners (3), which fix it to the bracket (2). A filler (6) (dry ice or coal sorbent, depending on the location of the double pocket in the device) is poured into the honeycomb (4).

The advantages of the invention are that the use of dry ice and coal sorbent instead of water as a filler will effectively localize the products of combustion and explosion.

List of sources

1. Schulte Klaus-Peter Explosion barrier made of double water pockets. - RF patent No. 2490471, 2013

2. Keller Helmut Method and device for hanging and installing explosion-proof water tanks in underground mines and tunnels. - RF patent №2154165, 2000

3.https: //www.engineeringtoolbox.com/water-thermal-properties-d_162.html.

4. GOST 22940-85 “Mining and exploration underground horizontal workings. Section sizes ".

5.https: //www.engineeringtoolbox.com/CO2-carbon-dioxide-properties-d_2017.html.

Claims (2)

1. A method of absorbing combustion and explosion products in mine workings and tunnels, which consists in installing several rows of double pockets filled with filler made of perforated two-layer polyethylene, fixed on brackets at a distance of 1 m from each other, characterized in that the temperature decreases on the line of the first double pockets combustion and explosion products due to the evaporation of dry ice, and the absorption of combustion and explosion products occurs on a coal sorbent placed in other double pockets. 2. A device for absorbing combustion and explosion products in mine workings and tunnels, consisting of several rows of double pockets with filling, fixed on suspension brackets at a distance of 1 m from each other using fasteners, characterized in that the double pockets are made of perforated two-layer polyethylene, soldered into honeycombs, while in the honeycombs of double pockets are placed sequentially: three double pockets filled with dry ice, followed by two double pockets filled with carbon adsorbent, after which the sequence is repeated.

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