RU2750172C1 - Method for thermal disinfection and disposal of infected organ-containing waste in solid, liquid and gaseous states - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: thermal disinfection; waste disposal.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of thermal disinfection and disposal of organic waste in solid, liquid and gaseous state, and can be used in various industries related to the processing of biomass waste. The method includes the separation of waste into solid, liquid and gaseous categories. A mixture of liquid and solid waste is subjected to two-stage centrifugal dehydration with the separation of a solid fraction and a liquid phase. In this case, the dewatered sludge of the solid fraction before thermal drying is subject to additional centrifugal dehydration in the filtering stage of the centrifuge with the release of solid sludge and filtrate. The dried sludge is decontaminated and disposed of in the combustion chamber, where suspension water-coal fuel, prepared on the basis of coal sludge and filtrate, is used as fuel, and ventilation emissions from industrial premises are used as blast air for the boiler unit of the boiler house. Regulation of the volume of supply of blast air at variable load is carried out by changing the volume of exhaust gases formed after thermal vortex drying of the solid phase sediment sent for mixing with ventilation emissions. The technical objective of the present invention is to reduce the emission of pathogenic microorganisms and viruses into the biosphere and energy consumption for the process of disinfection and utilization of thermal energy.

EFFECT: invention is aimed at reducing the release of pathogenic microorganisms and viruses into the biosphere, increasing the productivity of the system, reducing energy consumption for the process of disinfecting waste, disinfection of biologically hazardous organic waste, which is also in a gaseous state, by heat treatment in the combustion chamber of a heat-generating unit using the exhaust ventilation air of the premises as the blowing air of the heat-generating unit; utilization of the heat of the exhaust air used as a blast for the boiler units of the boiler house, which ensures a decrease in energy consumption for heating the supply air; reduction of energy consumption for air disinfection, with the exclusion of a separate operation for processing the removed air from the technological cycle, by combining the operations of fuel combustion and thermal disinfection of gaseous waste.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of thermal disinfection and disposal of infected organic waste and can be used in various sectors of the national economy associated with the processing and neutralization of biomass waste in various states of aggregation - solid, liquid and gaseous - in particular biological waste, manure, droppings, ventilation emissions and sewage effluents of enterprises.

Prerequisite for creating an invention, analogs of the invention. One of the main problems in the industrial production of livestock and poultry products is a large amount of infected waste in various states of aggregation. The high concentration of animals and birds does not allow the recreational mechanism of the biosphere to neutralize harmful and hazardous waste of biological (viruses, microorganisms) and chemical nature, posing a great danger to the environment, humans and animals. Large livestock and poultry complexes are very large sources of hazardous emissions. So a pig-feeding complex for 108 thousand heads / year daily discharges into the environment liquid waste - 900 ... 3000, solid -50 ... 80, gaseous (ventilation emissions) - 690 ... 1000 t / day, 5 × 10 ⁹ microbial bodies / hour and in In case of infectious diseases of animals, this object will pose a great threat to the population and the ecosystem as a whole.

Dust, fine particles of aerosols (particle diameter no more than 0.004 ... 0.005 mm), emitted by animals, are easily moved by air streams, they are suspended in it for a long time. The average sedimentation rate of particles is 0.011 ... 0.015 cm / s. Under favorable weather conditions, aerosols can move several tens of kilometers, representing the greatest epidemiological danger.

The nature and specificity of viral and bacterial infections, their high mobility and possible mechanisms of transmission of infections - airborne, airborne dust - suggest the need for additional processing and gaseous waste released into the biosphere.

Existing air disinfection systems, as a rule, process the indoor air of the room, and the air removed from the room is discharged into the environment without treatment. To improve safety, it is necessary not only to protect against viral and bacterial infections inside the production facility, but also to the ecosystem as a whole.

Disinfection of infected gaseous waste (ventilation emissions from industrial premises) can be carried out by thermal, electromagnetic, chemical, plasma and other methods.

There is a known method for disinfecting indoor air, which consists in passing air through a layer of photocatalyst based on titanium dioxide, which is exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UV) with an energy greater than or equal to the bandgap of the photocatalyst, and is continuously irrigated with water. The invention allows for a short time to provide a stable effect of disinfection in the entire volume of the room, as well as to maintain a low level of air contamination even in the presence of constant sources of infection [1]. The disadvantages of these methods include: the presence of an irrigation system, which limits the range of operating air temperatures to positive values. When using this method in the exhaust systems of ventilation shafts, freezing of the system elements and condensation are possible, which does not allow the units to be effectively operated in the winter and transitional periods of the year.

A known method of disinfection of air in a room, which consists in filtering and pumping air with a fan through the disinfection chamber when exposed to an electromagnetic field with a frequency of 100-4000 MHz with a volumetric power density of 0.001-0.3 W / cm ³ [2]. The disadvantages of this method when used for disinfection of the required volumes of gaseous waste should be attributed to the high energy consumption, a high level of electromagnetic radiation, requiring the use of special methods of protection and limiting the power of the generators of the electromagnetic field.

A known method of purification and disinfection of air by oxidation using a photocatalyst based on titanium dioxide and a source of ultraviolet radiation [3], characterized in that an aerosol cloud of titanium dioxide nanopowder is used as a catalyst, which is aerated and sprayed from a pre-filled container with combustion products of a gas generator with a low-temperature charge. solid fuel, and use at least three sources of radiation, which are located evenly around the periphery of the aerosol cloud. The method is one of the most effective methods of local air disinfection. The disadvantages of this method include the complexity and high operating costs when used in a continuous production cycle (ventilation systems for industrial premises).

One of the most effective methods of air disinfection is ozonation.

A known method of disinfecting livestock buildings from staphylococcus consisting in their treatment with an ozone-air mixture with an ozone concentration, as a source of which is used various types of electrical discharge in gases [4]. The advantages of this method of disinfection: completely destroys any microflora and pollutants; affects all known types of viruses, fungal spores and bacteria, without exception. Ozone is extremely toxic - the first class of hazard. Working with powerful ozone generators requires high technological discipline. The effective generation of ozone during an electric discharge in gases is sharply reduced at high air humidity, the presence of condensation of moisture, dust and sharp fluctuations in temperature and air humidity - all this is typical for installations used for disinfection of ventilation emissions, which significantly reduces their efficiency.

The known system of filtration and disinfection of air by means of plasma injection [5], including, among other things, a plasma-reactor unit that provides air treatment with low-temperature plasma. This processing method is fairly easy to scale. The disadvantages include the presence of additional energy consumption for air disinfection.

All of the above methods of disinfection have a common drawback - they require additional energy consumption to destroy microorganisms and viruses. Removal of ventilation emissions is carried out through the exhaust shafts (10 ... 20 pcs. / 1000 heads of pigs). When installing a disinfection system at each mine, it is necessary to mount more than 1000 installations (pig-feeding complex with a capacity of 108 thousand heads / year), which leads to very high economic costs.

A known method of disinfection and disposal of organic waste in various states of aggregation (solid, liquid), RF patent No. 2718563, taken as a prototype formed in the production of biological products in production facilities, including mechanical and centrifugal dehydration with the release of partially dehydrated sediment of the solid fraction and the liquid phase in the form of a centrifuge, biochemical treatment of the centrifuge, additional thermal drying of the solid phase sediment with subsequent combustion of the dried product and obtaining heat energy, the dewatered solid phase sediment before thermal drying is subjected to additional centrifugal dehydration in the filtering stage of the centrifuge with the separation of solid sediment and filtrate, while the resulting dewatered sludge is sent to thermal vortex drying, where a mixture of hot flue gases and atmospheric air is used as a drying agent, the supply volume of which is controlled by a gate, to obtain dried solid solid sediment and waste gases, and the dried solid sediment is fed for thermal disinfection and disposal into an adiabatic combustion chamber, mainly of a vortex type, of a boiler unit that is a source of thermal energy for a production facility - a source of organic waste, in which suspension water-coal fuel is used as the main fuel, prepared on the basis of coal or coal sludge and filtrate, and as a blast air - part of the exhaust gases of the vortex dryer, the volume of which is regulated by a gate [6].

The advantages of this method are the absence of additional energy consumption for the disinfection of the environment, high power, limited only by the capacity of the heat-and-power plant, and a high degree of disinfection of solid and liquid waste.

This method of disinfection and waste disposal and its technical implementation does not allow for the disinfection of gaseous production wastes.

All livestock complexes and poultry farms have a developed heat supply system, including boilers of the megawatt class. For example, a livestock complex with a capacity of 108 thousand heads per year has its own boiler house with a thermal capacity of 25 MW. The own heat load of the livestock complex is 19 MW (heating, ventilation and fodder preparation) (time of use of the maximum load Tmax = 1900 h / year). The household sector, utility rooms and auxiliary services consume about 6 MW (time of use of the maximum load Tmax = 3000 h / year). The energy carrier is coal-water fuel with a calorific value of 3000 kcal / kg (12.6 MJ / kg). The efficiency of the boilers is 82%. The volume of ventilation emissions is 530 ... 770 thousand m ³ / day. The required volume of blast air of the boiler plant boilers is up to 1,500 thousand m ³ / day, which can provide complete thermal disinfection of ventilation emissions from industrial premises without the use of special disinfection installations. Additional electricity costs for the transportation of the gaseous part of the waste amount to 10 ... 15% of the electricity consumption by the ventilation system of the premises.

It is advisable to use a thermal method for the disposal and disinfection of waste in three aggregate states in one waste disinfection unit - a boiler unit of the heat supply system of enterprises operating in combined in time and coordinated in terms of waste utilization modes of heat energy production and thermal waste disinfection. This significantly reduces the cost of providing an acceptable ecological and infectious environment for humans and animals. The effectiveness of this method of disinfection is determined by the combination of fuel combustion and waste disinfection.

The technical objective of the present invention is to reduce the emission of pathogenic microorganisms and viruses into the biosphere and energy consumption for the process of disinfection and utilization of thermal energy.

The technical results of the invention are:

- disinfection of biologically hazardous organic waste in a gaseous state by heat treatment in the combustion chamber of a heat generating unit using the exhaust ventilation air of the premises as a blowing air of a heat generating unit;

- utilization of the heat of the exhaust air used as a blast for the boiler units of the boiler house, which ensures a decrease in energy consumption for heating the supply air;

- reduction of energy consumption for air disinfection, with the exclusion of a separate operation for processing the removed air from the technological cycle, by combining the operations of fuel combustion and thermal disinfection of gaseous waste.

These effects are achieved by the fact that according to the invention, in addition to the existing system of disinfection and disposal of solid and liquid waste, gaseous waste (ventilation emissions) of the premises by the ventilation emissions transportation system, including a collection air duct and a centrifugal fan, is fed to the device for mixing ventilation emissions (ventilation emissions) , where they are mixed with exhaust gases coming from the vortex dryer, and then fed into the combustion chamber of the boiler unit as blast air, providing the fuel combustion process and complete thermal disinfection of ventilation emissions at a high temperature (1000 ... 1050 ° C).

A block diagram of the method for complex thermal disinfection and disposal of infected organic waste in solid, liquid and gaseous states is shown in the figure, where the following designations are adopted: A - a block of mechanical centrifugal dehydration of waste, B - a block for biochemical treatment of a centrifuge, C - a block of thermal disinfection , D - coal-water fuel preparation unit, E - ventilation emissions transportation system.

The following sequence of operations is implemented: organic waste of a semi-liquid fraction with a solid fraction content of 8 to 18%, formed during the production of biological products in production facilities, enter the mechanical and centrifugal dehydration unit (A), where they are separated by the method of centrifugal dehydration in a precipitation-filtering stage. centrifuges on a partially dewatered solid fraction sludge with a moisture content (w) of up to 90% and a liquid fraction (centrifuge).

The liquid part is discharged after the biochemical treatment (block B) the liquid part is discharged into the sewerage system. The solid phase sediment previously dewatered in the settling stage of the centrifuge before thermal drying is subjected to additional centrifugal dehydration in the filtering stage of the settling-filtering centrifuge with the release of solid sediment with a moisture content of less than 70% and filtrate. The filtrate is sent for the preparation of coal-water fuel (block D), which is used as the main fuel in the heating system of the premises. In this case, the resulting dewatered sludge is sent for thermal drying into a vortex chamber, where a mixture of hot flue gases and atmospheric air is used as a drying agent, the supply volume of which is controlled by a gate, to obtain a dried solid sludge with a moisture content of less than 14% and exhaust gases, some of which are used in as a blowing air in the installation for thermal disinfection and waste disposal. The dried solid sludge is fed for thermal disinfection (block C) and utilization of the energy contained in the solid organic mass of waste with a combustion heat of 2 to 4 Gcal / t into an adiabatic combustion chamber of a predominantly vortex-type boiler unit. The heat received in the boiler is used to heat the production room - a source of organic waste.

As the main fuel of the boiler unit, slurry coal-water fuel [7] is used, prepared on the basis of coal sludge and the liquid phase released during dehydration of the sludge of the filtering centrifuge stage, and as blast air - ventilation emissions from the premises mixed with the exhaust gases of the vortex dryer. To increase the efficiency of the boiler unit and intensify the fuel combustion process, the ventilation air removed from the production premises is supplied by the transportation system (block E) where it is mixed with the exhaust gases formed after thermal vortex drying of the solid phase sediment, which have a higher temperature than the removed ventilation air, thereby forming blowing air volume. The blast air is used for the combustion of coal-water fuel and dried solid residue in the boiler furnace, thereby thermal disinfection of waste in a gaseous state is carried out.

Required amount of combustion air at a maximum thermal load in this case amounts to 1500 thousand. M ³ / day, the amount of exhaust air is 530 ... 770 thousand. M ³ / day. If the heat load of the boiler unit changes below the indicated values during the summer period, it may be necessary to reduce the volume of blast air supply. Regulation of the volume of the blast air supply is carried out by changing the volume of exhaust gases formed after thermal vortex drying of the solid phase sediment sent for mixing with ventilation emissions.

This method of thermal disinfection and disposal of infected organic waste in solid, liquid and gaseous states allows for the decontamination and disposal of waste in one place - the boiler unit of the boiler room - at megawatt power plants, without additional energy consumption for waste disinfection and provides a reduction in energy and economic costs.

Information sources

1. RF patent No. 2386451, publ. 20.04.2010, bul. No. 11.

2. RF patent No. 2231367, publ. June 27, 2004, bul. No. 18.

3. RF patent No. 2450851, publ. 20.05.2012, bul. No. 14.

4. RF patent №2554743, publ. 06/27/2015, bul. No. 18.

5. RF patent No. 2711203, publ. 01/15/2020, bul. No. 2.

6. RF patent No. 2718563, publ. 08.04.2020, bul. No. 10.

7. Delyagin V.N. "The use of coal-water fuel in the energy supply of the agro-industrial complex" / Delyagin V.N., Murko V.I., Ivanov N.M., Revyakin E.L. M. // Monograph. FGBNU "Rosinformagrotech", 2013. - 92 p.).

Claims (2)

1. A method of thermal disinfection and disposal of infected organic waste in solid, liquid and gaseous states, generated during the production of biological products in production facilities, including mechanical and centrifugal dehydration with the release of partially dehydrated sediment of the solid fraction and liquid phase in the form of a centrifuge, biochemical treatment centrifuge, additional thermal drying of the solid phase sediment, followed by burning the dried product and obtaining thermal energy, while the dewatered solid phase sediment before thermal drying is subjected to additional centrifugal dehydration in the filter stage of the centrifuge with the release of solid sediment and filtrate, the resulting dewatered sediment is sent to thermal vortex drying , where a mixture of hot flue gases and atmospheric air is used as a drying agent, the supply volume of which is controlled by a gate, to obtain a dried solid sediment and waste hectares call, and the dried solid sludge is fed for thermal disinfection and disposal into an adiabatic combustion chamber, mainly of a vortex type, of a boiler unit that is a source of thermal energy for a production facility - a source of organic waste, in which suspension coal-water fuel prepared on the basis of coal is used as the main fuel or coal sludge and filtrate, characterized in that the ventilation air removed from the production premises is mixed with the exhaust gases formed after thermal vortex drying of the solid phase sediment, and then transported to the boiler furnace, where it is used as blowing air. 2. A method for thermal disinfection and disposal of infected organic waste in solid, liquid and gaseous states according to claim 1, characterized in that in the event of a change in the thermal load of the boiler unit, the volume of blast air supply is controlled by changing the volume of exhaust gases formed after thermal vortex drying of the sediment solid phase sent for mixing with ventilation emissions.

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