A kind of recycling sludge utilizes system and method
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of sludge treatment, be specifically related to a kind of recycling sludge and utilize system and method.
Background technology
(1) sludge yield and harm thereof
Along with the quick propelling of Development of China's Urbanization, Chinese sewage disposal industry is developed rapidly, sewage treatment capacity and handling rate rapid development, and the output of sewage sludge increases sharply.By the end of the year 2010, China's town domestic sewage facility disposal ability reached for 1.25 billion cubic meter/days, the planned city wastewater treatment rate has reached 77.5%, and COD (COD) pollution emission reduction contribution rate accounts for the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period newly-increased the more than 70% of total amount of cutting down of national COD of China.Along with the sharp increase of sewage load, Chinese sludge yield sharply increases simultaneously, and most mud not yet obtains harmless treatment and disposes.The composition of mud and chemical property are complicated, both organic matter, plant nutrient ingredient etc. had been comprised, also comprise the poisonous and harmful substances such as heavy metal, pathogen and persistent organism, without the effectively reason disposal at place, very easily underground water, soil etc. is caused to secondary pollution, the environmental benefit of sewage treatment facility is reduced greatly.
(2) Treatment of Sludge principle and the state of the art
That Treatment of Sludge should meet is innoxious, the requirement of stabilisation, minimizing, resource, that is: kill the pathogen in mud, the poisonous and harmful substances such as the heavy metal in mud and persistent organism are effectively controlled, contained organic matter, various nutrient and energy in mud, or add in soil safely, or be recycled utilization by techniques enable sources such as anaerobic digestion or burnings.
In world wide, method for sludge treatment mainly comprises: the processing modes such as landfill, soil utilization, form anaerobic fermentation methane generating, burning.
The landfill disposal of mud not only needs to take a large amount of soils, and landfill yard also discharges a large amount of foul gas, methane isothermal chamber gas, if mishandling, also can cause underground water pollution.Along with the sharp increase of sludge yield, Sludge landfill is processed and is day by day restricted.
The soil utilization of mud comprises for the betterment of land, for afforestation, for agricultural etc.But the soil utilization of mud has very strict requirement to the shale of mud, otherwise may produce secondary pollution to underground water and surrounding environment.
The generating of sludge anaerobic fermentation methane is processed and can be reclaimed the part energy resources in mud, and the dewatering performance of sludge after anaerobic fermentation improves, and moisture content is low, and minimizing is obvious, in American-European countries, is applied rapidly.The developed countries such as America and Europe have realized the shunting of trade effluent and sanitary sewage and have administered, and the content of beary metal of municipal sludge is lower, and the mud after anaerobic fermentation reaches A grade standard, can be directly agricultural.But the sewage of most of China sewage treatment plant contains sanitary sewage and trade effluent simultaneously, in the mud after anaerobic fermentation, still contain the poisonous and harmful substances such as heavy metal and persistent organism, the higher environmental risk of direct agricultural existence.
It is that wet mud is put into the direct burning disposal of station boiler that sludge incineration is processed, or first wet mud is carried out to mummification, and the mud after mummification enters incinerator and completes burning disposal.The burning disposal of mud can farthest realize minimizing and stabilisation, almost kills in mud 100% germ, and innoxious degree is high.But sludge incineration is processed to be needed to consume coal-fired grade for high-grade energy, fuel cost is higher.In addition, wet mud contains large quantity of moisture, enters into flue gas after burning, and the exhaust gas volumn of directly burning generation is large, and the purified treatment expense of a large amount of flue gases is high.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems of the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of dewatered sludge self-holding burning disposal in incinerator, utilize superfluous calcium oxide as the medicament of Treatment of Sludge overall process, there is innoxious, stabilisation, minimizing, the resource of Treatment of Sludge, and have that desulfurizing agent consumption is few, a kind of recycling sludge of the high advantage of resource rate utilizes system and method.
In order to realize above goal of the invention, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of recycling sludge utilizes system, comprise the preprocessor decomposing for mud organic substance, the outlet of preprocessor is connected with anaerobic fermentation tank, the methane outlet of anaerobic fermentation tank connects tank for sewage gas, the sludge outlet of anaerobic fermentation tank connects dewaterer and drier successively, the sludge outlet of drier is connected with the import of incinerator, the exhanst gas outlet of incinerator connects deduster, the flying dust outlet minute two-way of deduster connects respectively flying dust import and the Hui Ku of preprocessor, is provided with lime stone hopper in the import of described incinerator;
The outlet of described tank for sewage gas is connected with the combustion machine of generating, and the exhanst gas outlet of combustion machine connects waste heat boiler, and combustion machine is delivered to transformer by electric power;
Described incinerator and waste heat boiler all provide heat by heating tube for drier.
Described deduster and the exhanst gas outlet of waste heat boiler are all connected to flue gas cleaner.
Described flue gas cleaner is UV photodissociation cleaning equipment.
The sludge outlet of described drying device is connected to the import of incinerator by mud hopper.
On described preprocessor, be provided with PH meter, in the flying dust import department of preprocessor, be provided with metering device.
Described preprocessor is sludge cell wall breakage device, and the concrete mode adopting is high-temperature-hot-water solution, microwave thermal hydrolysis or ultrasonic pyrohydrolysis.
Described dewaterer is belt filter press, plate and frame filter press or centrifugal dehydrator.
Described drier is spiral dryer, fluidized bed dryer or spray dryer.
Described heating tube is heat-conducting oil pipes, hot-water line or steam pipe.
A kind of recycling sludge utilizes method, dewatered sludge and agstone are sent in incinerator and burned, after agstone calcining, generate calcium oxide, the sulfur dioxide generation desulphurization reaction producing with sludge incineration is transformed into calcium sulfate, after desulfurization, remaining calcium oxide is trapped by deduster, the calcium oxide of trapping is delivered to preprocessor as the medicament of Treatment of Sludge, and making the plasm PH value in preprocessor is 7~12; Pretreated mud ferments and is transformed into biogas in anaerobic fermentation tank, and biogas enters fuel engine power generation; Utilize waste heat boiler to reclaim combustion machine waste heat, then through heating tube, the heat of incinerator and waste heat boiler is passed to drier.
Compared with prior art, system of the present invention has the following advantages:
Utilize the raw biogas of sludge anaerobic fermentation to produce for fuel engine power generation, the waste heat of combustion machine discharge is as the thermal source of dehydrated sludge mummification; Dewatered sludge release heat in burning process in incinerator, this heat is also as the thermal source of sludge drying.Utilize two kinds of thermal source mummification dewatered sludges, the moisture content of dewatered sludge significantly reduces, can realize dewatered sludge self-holding burning disposal in incinerator, process and need to consume a large amount of high-grade fuels and compare with traditional sludge incineration, fuel saving cost, has reduced the Air Pollutants Emissions that fuel combustion produces;
Sludge incineration process is added agstone desulfurization, remaining calcium oxide is sneaked into flying dust, fly ash carry is to the preprocessor of Treatment of Sludge, carry out refuse reclamation, medicament as Treatment of Sludge, the pH value of slurries in raising preprocessor, improves the hydrolysis efficiency of mud, improve the biogas output of sludge anaerobic fermentation, the generated energy of raising combustion machine, improves waste heat boiler and reclaims heat; Improve the pH value of anaerobic fermentation tank, effectively suppress the generation of hydrogen sulfide in sludge fermentation process, the hydrogen sulfide content of biogas reduces, and effectively avoids the etching problem of biogas pipe, tank for sewage gas, combustion machine and waste heat boiler, extension device service life, reduces equipment operation maintenance cost;
Mud is sneaked into after the burning ash that contains calcium oxide in advance, and the organic matter decomposition rate of mud is high, and after fermentation, the content of organics of excess sludge is low, than the mud producing after traditional anaerobic fermentation, more easily realizes dehydration; The calcium oxide containing in mud to be drained off, can be used as the medicine of Sludge Chemical Conditioning, further improve the dewatering of mud, after the dewater units such as belt filter press, centrifugal filter press machine dewater, the moisture content of mud can be worth below 50% in reduction, significantly reduces the energy consumption of the follow-up drying and other treatment of mud;
The fly ash carry that sludge incineration produces is to the preprocessor of mud, participate in sludge handling process, after pretreatment, anaerobic fermentation, dehydration and drying process, remaining calcium oxide enters into again incinerator and participates in desulphurization reaction, reduced the consumption of lime stone, utilize the flying dust that contains calcium oxide of incinerator generation as the medicament of Treatment of Sludge, reagent cost significantly reduces.
In method of the present invention, sludge incineration process sprays into agstone desulfurization, superfluous calcium oxide is sneaked into flying dust by deduster trapping and is delivered to preprocessor as medicament, improve the pH value of slurries in preprocessor and follow-up anaerobic fermentation tank, promote sludge hydrolytic, improve biogas output and generated energy; The generation of hydrogen sulfide in stopping fermentation process, slow down the corrosion of combustion machine; The fermented sludge that contains calcium oxide is easily dewatered, and reduces mud drying process energy consumption; Dewatered sludge contains calcium oxide, participates in burning process desulphurization reaction, reduces lime stone consumption; The present invention realizes innoxious, stabilisation, minimizing, the resource of Treatment of Sludge, and has advantages of that desulfurizing agent consumption is few, resource rate is high.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of device of the present invention;
Wherein, 1-sludge pump, 2-circulation ash pipe, 3-anaerobic fermentation tank, 4-metering device, 5-dewater unit, 6-drier, 7-mud hopper, 8-lime stone hopper, 9-incinerator, 10-ash storehouse, 11-ash releasing tube, 12-deduster, 13-flue gas cleaner, 14-smoke exhaust pipe, 15-heating tube, 16-waste heat boiler, 17-transformer, 18-combustion machine, 19-tank for sewage gas, 20-biogas pipe, 21-PH meter, 22-preprocessor.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention will be further described.
Referring to Fig. 1, a kind of recycling sludge utilizes system, comprise the preprocessor 22 decomposing for mud organic substance, preprocessor 22 is sludge cell wall breakage device, the concrete mode adopting is high-temperature-hot-water solution, microwave thermal hydrolysis or ultrasonic pyrohydrolysis, the mud import department of preprocessor 22 is provided with sludge pump 1, on preprocessor 22, be provided with PH meter 21, flying dust import department at preprocessor 22 is provided with metering device 4, the outlet of preprocessor 22 is connected with anaerobic fermentation tank 3, the methane outlet of anaerobic fermentation tank 3 connects tank for sewage gas 19, the sludge outlet of anaerobic fermentation tank 3 connects dewaterer 5 and drier 6 successively, the sludge outlet of drier 6 is connected with the import of incinerator 9 by mud hopper 7, the exhanst gas outlet of incinerator 9 connects deduster 12, the flying dust outlet minute two-way of deduster 12 connects respectively flying dust import and the grey storehouse 10 of preprocessor 22, in the import of described incinerator 9, be provided with lime stone hopper 8, the outlet of tank for sewage gas 19 is connected with the combustion machine 18 of generating, and the exhanst gas outlet of combustion machine 18 connects waste heat boiler 16, and combustion machine 18 is delivered to transformer 17 by electric power, incinerator 9 and waste heat boiler 16 all provide heat by heating tube 15 for drier 6.The exhanst gas outlet of deduster 12 and waste heat boiler 16 is all connected to flue gas cleaner 13, and flue gas cleaner 13 is UV photodissociation cleaning equipment.Dewaterer 5 is belt filter press, plate and frame filter press or centrifugal dehydrator.Drier 6 is spiral dryer, fluidized bed dryer or spray dryer.Heating tube 15 is heat-conducting oil pipes, hot-water line or steam pipe.
A kind of recycling sludge utilizes method, dewatered sludge and agstone are sent in incinerator and burned, after agstone calcining, generate calcium oxide, the sulfur dioxide generation desulphurization reaction producing with sludge incineration is transformed into calcium sulfate, after desulfurization, remaining calcium oxide is trapped by deduster, the calcium oxide of trapping is delivered to preprocessor as the medicament of Treatment of Sludge, and making the plasm PH value in preprocessor is 7~12; Pretreated mud ferments and is transformed into biogas in anaerobic fermentation tank, and biogas enters fuel engine power generation; Utilize waste heat boiler to reclaim combustion machine waste heat, then through heating tube, the heat of incinerator and waste heat boiler is passed to drier.
Referring to Fig. 1, the specific works process of apparatus of the present invention:
Mud enters preprocessor 22 through sludge pump 1, in preprocessor 22, carry out organic substance decomposing, then mud enters the interior fermentation of anaerobic fermentation tank 3 and produces biogas, biogas is sent to tank for sewage gas 19, mud after fermentation carries out mummification through dewater unit 5 and drier 6 successively, dewatered sludge enters incinerator 9 through mud hopper 7 and carries out burning disposal, agstone enters incinerator 9 through lime stone hopper 8, after agstone calcining, generate calcium oxide, the sulfur dioxide generation desulphurization reaction producing with sludge incineration is also transformed into calcium sulfate.In order to maintain higher desulfuration efficiency, the calcium to sulphur mole ratio of this sweetening process generally maintains 2.5 to 6, and after desulfurization, remaining calcium oxide major part is blended in flying dust, and is trapped by deduster 12.The flying dust part that deduster 12 traps is delivered to preprocessor 22 as the medicament of Treatment of Sludge through circulation ash pipe 2, and redundance is delivered to grey storehouse 10 through ash releasing tube 11.The heat that dewatered sludge discharges in incinerator 9 burning passes to drier 6 through heating tube 15, for heating mud, remove the moisture of mud.
Flying dust enters preprocessor 22 by circulation ash pipe 2, owing to there being a large amount of calcium oxide in flying dust, plasm PH value in preprocessor 22 maintains between 7-12, be conducive to promote that the larger molecular organics in mud resolves into small organic molecule, so that more organic matter is transformed into biogas at anaerobic fermentation tank 3 in mud, improve biogas output, further improve the generated energy of combustion machine 18.PH meter 21 is set on preprocessor 22, for showing, control the basicity of slurries.Metering device 4 is set on circulation ash pipe 2, for measuring, control the flying dust flow of sending into preprocessor 22.Because more organic matter is transformed into biogas in anaerobic fermentation tank 3, the remaining mud organic substance content after anaerobic fermentation is lower, has improved the dewatering of mud.In addition, mud contains calcium oxide, and calcium oxide makes a kind of Sludge Chemical Conditioning medicine, has further improved the dewatering of mud.Mud after anaerobic fermentation is after dewaterer 5 dehydrations, and moisture content can be reduced between 40% to 60%.
The raw biogas of sludge anaerobic fermentation to produce is stored in tank for sewage gas 19 from anaerobic fermentation tank 3 after biogas pipe 20, biogas enters into combustion machine 18 generation electric power and is delivered to transformer 17, the flue-gas temperature of combustion machine 18 discharges is 300 ℃ to 500 ℃, enter waste heat boiler 16 and carry out waste heat recovery, the waste heat reclaiming passes to drier 6 through heating tube 15, for heating mud, remove the moisture of mud.
The heat that the waste heat that waste heat boiler 16 reclaims and incinerator 9 discharge is after heating tube 15 passes to drier 16, wet mud in drier 6 is heated, makes moisture evaporation, after drier 6, the moisture content of mud is reduced to 10% to 25% left and right, more than the low heat valve of mud reaches 5MJ/kg, mud after mummification can be realized the burning of controlling oneself after entering incinerator 9, do not need to add outer thermal source, solve traditional sludge burning and need to consume the outer problem for fuel, fuel saving takes, and reduces the discharge of pollutant.
The flue gas of incinerator 9 and waste heat boiler 16 discharges all enters flue gas cleaner 13 by smoke exhaust pipe 14, after purified treatment, discharges.
In the present invention, the raw biogas of sludge anaerobic fermentation to produce, for fuel engine power generation, fires machine waste heat recovery dewatered sludge; Sludge anhydration burning after fermentation is processed.Sludge incineration process sprays into agstone desulfurization, superfluous calcium oxide is sneaked into flying dust by deduster trapping and is delivered to preprocessor as medicament, improve the pH value of slurries in preprocessor and follow-up anaerobic fermentation tank, promote sludge hydrolytic, improve biogas output and generated energy; The generation of hydrogen sulfide in stopping fermentation process, slow down the corrosion of combustion machine; The fermented sludge that contains calcium oxide is easily dewatered, and reduces mud drying process energy consumption; Dewatered sludge contains calcium oxide, participates in burning process desulphurization reaction, reduces lime stone consumption; The present invention realizes innoxious, stabilisation, minimizing, the resource of Treatment of Sludge, and has that desulfurizing agent consumption is few, resource rate advantages of higher.