RU2747667C1 - Integrated natural fires monitoring system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: ground monitoring systems.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to systems for ground monitoring of natural areas for the purpose of detecting foci of natural fires. To implement the technical result, the claimed solution provides wind speed and direction sensors, a near-field video recording module and a data transmission module, a distributed set of several monitoring and data transmission posts equipped with a gas composition sensor and a sensor of aerosols formed during natural fires, monitoring and transmission posts data are located at the existing facilities of the monitoring infrastructure and include a server for collecting, processing and analyzing information coming from monitoring posts and an operator post connected to it with an interface, while the mentioned monitoring and data transmission posts are connected by wireless communication channels to the collection, processing and analysis server information.

EFFECT: development of an integrated system for monitoring natural fires, allowing for over-the-horizon detection of combustion foci and minimizing false alarms of the system.

4 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to systems for ground monitoring of natural areas for the purpose of detecting foci of natural fires.

Known system for forest monitoring and early detection of forest fires "Forest Watch" (more on the site http://www.lesdozor.ru), which consists of a distributed system of video cameras and their positioning, communication channels, a server, software that allows you to detect the focus fire, and the operator's workplace. One of the disadvantages of this system is that the analysis of the fire situation is based on data in the visible range of the spectrum, which is effective only for monitoring areas adjacent to settlements, roads and industrial enterprises. It is also known "A method for determining the optimal configuration of a forest video monitoring system" (Patent RU 2561925, A01G 23/00, publ. 09/10/2015) to optimize the video monitoring system. There are systems for detecting wildfires using aircraft and balloons using both video recording and a thermal recording channel ("Method for monitoring a fire situation" patent RU 2395319, A62B 3/00, publ. 27.07.2010). To increase the reliability and accuracy of fire detection, the "Method for monitoring forest fires and an integrated system for early detection of forest fires, built on the principle of a multi-sensor panoramic view of the area with the function of determining the source of fire, is used (patent RU 2486594, G08B 13/19, A62C 3/00, publ. 06/27/2013) and "A method for controlling a monitoring system and a system for its implementation" (patent RU 2504014, G08B 17/00, G08B 25/10, publ. 01/10/2014). The known systems are expensive to operate and insufficiently operational.

In practice, satellite sensing data are currently actively used, for example, "Method for remote detection of fires" (patent RU 2423160, A62C 3/02, published on July 10, 2011), which also has a number of significant disadvantages: dependence on meteorological conditions, low resolution, low data refresh rate, difficulty in reliable identification. As a consequence, satellite data require verification through aerial patrols in areas with potential fires.

Systems - analogues disclosed in the patents "Fire monitoring system" (patent RU 128755, G08B 19/00, publ. 05/27/2013) and "Fire detection method" (RU 2492899, A63C 3/02, publ. 09/20/2013 g.) can only be used on the territory of industrial facilities and are not suitable for use in forests and field conditions.

An automated system for monitoring forest and peat bog fires (patent RU 124512, G08B 17/10, published on January 27, 2013) is known from the existing level of technology, which has sensors for wind speed and direction, a video recording module for the near zone, a telescope for receiving infrared radiation in medium wave and data transmission module. The utility model is supplemented with an antenna with a given width of the radiation pattern, which is connected to a microwave radiometer, which increases the ability to detect fires. The utility model was chosen as a prototype.

The main disadvantage of the prototype is the impossibility of monitoring large areas, the monitoring area is limited to areas near settlements, roads and enterprises. The disadvantage of this system is that the main analysis of the fire situation is made only on the basis of data obtained from video recording of the near zone in the visible and thermal spectral range.

Summarizing, we can say that the known ground-based systems for monitoring natural fires have the main drawback - the impossibility of over-the-horizon fire detection and, as a result, inapplicability in vast territories with a low population density, which prevail in Siberia and the Far East. Satellite monitoring systems are expensive and require verification of information using aviation, and the use of unmanned aerial vehicles is limited in time of use and flight range.

The objective of the invention is to develop an integrated system for monitoring natural fires, allowing for over-the-horizon detection of combustion centers and minimizing false alarms of the system, which can be achieved through the use of a variety of monitoring tools and remote transmission channels of recorded data.

The technical result is achieved due to the following system device:

The complex natural fire monitoring system contains wind speed and direction sensors, a near-field video recording module with a positioning system and a data transmission module. Unlike the prototype, the system includes a set of several monitoring and data transmission posts, each of which has a control module and is additionally equipped with a gas composition sensor and a sensor for aerosols generated during natural fires, monitoring and data transmission posts are located at existing monitoring infrastructure facilities. as which used cell towers, ground stations of meteorological observation, objects of geocryological and geophysical monitoring, the system has a server for collecting, processing and analyzing information and an operator's post connected to it with an interface, while the mentioned posts for monitoring and transmitting data via wireless communication channels are connected to the server for collecting, processing and analyzing information.

In a specific embodiment of the invention, the said control module of the monitoring and data transmission station can be made in the form of a control computer connected via a wireless communication channel to a server for collecting, processing and analyzing information.

To exclude false alarms of the system from sources of gases and aerosols in the near zone, the server for collecting, processing and analyzing information can compare them with the experimental data stored in the memory. In a specific embodiment of the invention, the said server for collecting, processing and analyzing information can be equipped with an information storage unit and be able to verify the signals of the sensors of gas and aerosol compositions of the atmosphere by comparing them with reference or empirical data, which significantly reduces the number of false alarms of the system.

In another specific embodiment of the invention, the positioning system of the said module for video recording of the near zone, for example, a camera rotation system, can be equipped with a unit for analyzing signals from a wind direction sensor, an atmospheric gas composition sensor and an air aerosol composition sensor, which has the ability to send a signal for automatic change areas of video recording. This allows the operator to receive up-to-date visual information of the monitoring area.

The number of monitoring posts is not limited and is selected from the available monitoring infrastructure; if necessary, additional monitoring posts and data transmission are organized.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, where FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of an integrated system for monitoring natural fires, FIG. 2 shows the block diagram of the post of monitoring and data transmission.

The numbers in the diagrams indicate:

1 - operator's post;

2 - server;

3 - post of monitoring and data transmission;

4 - control module;

4а - uninterruptible power supply;

4b - data transmission module;

4c - signal processing module;

5 - wind direction sensor;

6 - wind speed sensor;

7 - gas composition sensor;

8 - sensor of aerosol composition of air;

9 - module for video recording of the near zone;

10 - positioning system of the video recording module.

The system contains (Fig. 1) an operator's post 1 for round-the-clock monitoring of the situation; server for collecting, processing and analyzing information 2; a set of monitoring and data transmission posts 3, distributed over the territory and located at the facilities of the existing infrastructure. The monitoring and data transmission post 3 contains a control module 4 (Fig. 2) and includes an uninterruptible power supply 4a, a data transmission module 4b, and a sensor signal processing module 4c. The sensor part of the post contains a wind direction sensor 5, a wind speed sensor 6, an air gas composition sensor 7, an air aerosol composition sensor 8, a video recording module 9, for example, a video camera with a positioning system 10.

The control module 4 (Fig. 2) as part of the monitoring and data transmission post 3 controls the operation of the sensor part of the post, performs primary processing of signals from devices 5-9 and analysis of the incoming information and can be made in the form of a control computer connected via a wireless communication channel to the server collection, processing and analysis of information 2 (Fig. 1).

The server for collecting and processing information 2 (Fig. 1) is a computer complex based on a high-performance computer connected by communication channels with monitoring and data transmission posts 3 and operator station 1. Based on the data received from monitoring posts 3 using special software server 2 analyzes the input data, calculates the area of the probable fire, taking into account the data on the terrain and other geophysical characteristics. The results of calculation and data analysis are displayed at the operator's post for making operational decisions.

A distinctive feature of the system is that it is additionally equipped with sensors of gas and aerosol composition, which makes it possible, using mathematical algorithms, to determine with high reliability the presence of a source of a natural fire outside the visibility range (beyond the horizon) by changing the concentration of marker gas and aerosol characteristic of wildfires [ 1-3], as well as calculate the geodetic coordinates of the location of the fire source.

The system operates as follows (block diagram in Fig. 1):

- within a certain time interval at each monitoring and data transmission post 3, sensors 5-6 record the range of changes in the wind speed and direction;

- at the end of each time interval, the analysis of the gas and aerosol composition of the air is carried out;

- current information from all monitoring posts 3 goes to server 2;

- if the readings of the concentration of the marker gas and aerosol deviate from the background values at post 3, the video surveillance system is switched on in the corresponding monitoring sector, taking into account the range of parameters change over the past time interval;

- an analysis of the pre-horizon situation is carried out for the presence of a source of marker gas and aerosol;

- when such a source is detected by means of video recording, the system transmits information to the server, the analysis data is displayed on the screen of the operator on duty, who, based on the received data, makes an operational decision to eliminate the signal source or ignore it;

- if it is impossible to detect the source of marker gas and aerosol by means of video recording, information about the excess of marker gas and aerosol concentrations over background values, together with data on the range of change in direction and wind speed, is transmitted to the server, where, based on data received from several monitoring posts 3, a determination is made areas where a probable fire is located. Information goes to the operator's screen, and is also recorded in the server's memory;

- on the basis of operational data from the natural fire monitoring system, the operator on duty makes a decision on the detection and elimination of a natural fire in the specified area, for example, using unmanned aerial vehicles or manned aircraft.

The operation of the components of the system is provided, for example, by the following means:

- over the computer network Internet between the control modules 4 (Fig. 2), the server for collecting and processing information 2 (Fig. 1) and the operator's station 1 (Fig. 1);

- via the interface between the control module 4 (Fig. 2) and sensors 5-8 (the USB or RS-232 interface can be used);

Joint work of all modules of the system provides:

- remote, automatic and automated monitoring of natural fires;

- early detection of foci of natural fires in the pre-horizon and over-the-horizon zones;

- optimization of the work of forest services, fire protection services, assistance in making operational decisions to eliminate fire centers;

- the possibility of using the system for visual control of territories;

- documentation and storage of statistical information;

Thanks to the country's developed monitoring system for various purposes, several such integrated monitoring systems can be used in vast fire-hazardous areas. In addition, the claimed system can be integrated into an integrated geographic information system, for example [4], and supplemented with satellite sensing data (thermal points) as well as local data for calculating the fire hazard.

Thus, the proposed integrated system for monitoring natural fires allows using the existing infrastructure distributed over the territory, detecting fire foci at an early stage, including over-the-horizon zones, and minimizing false alarms of means of detecting natural fires.

Information sources

1. Grishin A.M., Filkov A.I., Loboda E.L., Reino V.V., Kuznetsov V.T. Field experimental studies of the impact of a field fire on wooden fences and a layer of peat // Fire safety. 2013. No. 3. S. 52-58.

2. Vinogradova, A.A., Smirnov, N.S., Korotkov, V.N. Romanovskaya, A.A., 2015. Forest fires in Siberia and the Far East: emissions and atmospheric transport of black carbon to the Arctic. Opt. Atmos. Ocean 28, 512-520.

3. Sitnov, S.A., Mokhov, I.I., Dzhola, A.V., 2017. The confluence of Siberian fires on the content of carbon monoxide in the atmosphere over the European part of Russia in the summer of 2016. Opt. Atmos. Ocean 30, 146-152.

4. Demkin V.P., Khromykh V.V., Berezin A.E., Vorobiev S.N., Vershinin D.A., Loboda E.L., Shchetinin P.P., Korneeva T.B. High-performance geoinformation system for monitoring and forecasting the state of natural objects for solving scientific, technical and educational problems // Open and distance education. 2016. No. 4 (64). S. 5-11.

Claims (4)

1. An integrated system for monitoring natural fires, containing sensors of wind speed and direction, a module for video recording of the near zone and a data transmission module, characterized in that it includes a distributed set of several monitoring and data transmission posts, each of which has a control module and is additionally equipped with a sensor gas composition of the atmosphere and a sensor of aerosols formed during natural fires, monitoring and data transmission posts are located at the existing facilities of the monitoring infrastructure, which are cell towers, ground stations of meteorological observation, objects of geocryological and geophysical monitoring, and also includes a collection server , processing and analysis of information coming from the monitoring posts and the operator's post connected to it with an interface, while the mentioned monitoring and data transmission posts are connected by wireless communication channels to the server for collecting, processing and analyzing information ... 2. Monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that said control module of the monitoring and data transmission station is made in the form of a control computer connected via a wireless communication channel to a server for collecting, processing and analyzing information. 3. The monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that said server for collecting, processing and analyzing information is equipped with an information storage unit and has the ability to verify signals from sensors of gas and aerosol compositions of the atmosphere by comparing them with reference or empirical data. 4. Monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that the positioning system of said video recording module is equipped with a unit for analyzing signals from wind direction sensors, atmospheric gas composition and air aerosol composition, which has the ability to send a signal to automatically change the video recording area.

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