RU2747488C1 - Underwater intake of combined design - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hydraulic engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to hydraulic engineering, in particular to water intake structures, erected for the intake of water from under riverbeds in areas with difficult hydrological conditions. The underflow intake of the combined design contains a drainage gallery with a filtering water intake, which is made in the form of a tray 1, on the top of which a water intake part is made of layers of a metal grid 2 located one above the other, gabion drainage mattresses 3 and geogrids 4 with filled crushed stone cells. The drainage filler for mattresses 3 is made of several layers of geomat and two strings of perforated pipes, which are laid in layers and wrapped in a gabion net to give the mattress a prismatic shape. In the end part of the chute 1, a prismatic drainage well 8 is arranged, on top of which a water intake part is laid, similar to the chute, so that metal gratings, rows of gabion mattresses and geogrids with rubble coincide in level and slope.

EFFECT: under-channel water intake of a combined design can be effectively used in mountainous and foothill areas of small rivers with difficult hydrological and climatic conditions for reclamation purposes for irrigating coastal lands, as well as for water supply to small settlements and individual enterprises.

2 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hydraulic engineering, in particular to water intake structures, erected for the intake of water from under riverbeds in areas with difficult hydrological conditions.

Known underflow water intakes [1], which are constructively erected in the form of drains, galleries, beam water intake, etc. (recommended for water intake from periodically freezing watercourses, or for water intake in mountainous areas of rivers with periodic absence of surface runoff). The main disadvantages of these water intakes are low efficiency and reliability of operation, as well as the complexity of their use in the foothill and flat sections of rivers.

A relatively close technical solution is an underflow filtering water intake of a combined design [2], containing a catchment gallery with a water intake and a tubular drain. The main disadvantage of this technical solution is the increased complexity of manufacturing the structure, which requires the collection of a large amount of natural material - ripe reeds (from which fascines and mattresses are made), which is not enough everywhere.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce the labor intensity of construction and increase the efficiency of work.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the under-channel water intake of a combined structure containing a drainage gallery with a filtering water intake, the drainage gallery is made in the form of a tray, on top of which the water intake part is arranged from layers located one above the other, respectively, a metal grid, gabion drainage mattresses and geogrids with filled crushed stone cells, while the drainage filler for mattresses is made of several layers of geomat and two strings of perforated pipes, which are laid in layers and wrapped in a gabion mesh with a prismatic shape for the mattress, and at the end of the tray there is a prismatic drainage well, on top of which a water intake part is laid , similar to the tray, so that the metal grates, rows of gabion mattresses and geogrids with rubble coincide in level and slope. A closed water supply system is arranged on the side of the catchment well to drain the filtered water to the water consumer.

FIG. 1 shows a cross-section along the longitudinal axis of a water intake chute and a catchment well; in fig. 2 - water intake section in the plan; in fig. 3 - the cross-section of the tray; in fig. 4 - section of the well along the water intake line; in fig. 5 - gabion drainage mattress made of geomat and perforated pipes; in fig. 6 - geomat; in fig. 7 - geogrid.

Pordal water intake of the combined design consists of a water intake chute 1, on top of which a metal grate 2 is attached, on top of which gabion mattresses 3 and geogrids 4 with filled crushed stone cells are laid in layers. Gabion mattresses 3 are made of several layers of geomat 5, two strings of perforated pipes 6, laid in the middle of the layers of geomat, wrapped in a gabion net 7. At the end of the tray 1, a drainage well 8 is arranged, and a drainage pipe 9 is provided on the side of the well.

The underflow intake of the combined design is constructed as follows.

First, the place of construction of the water intake is selected and the main elements of the structure are linked. Also, the required number and size of geomats 5, perforated pipes 6, geogrids 4, metal gratings 2 are prepared in advance. The required number of gabion mattresses is collected from the geomat, perforated (drainage) pipes and gabion mesh prepared in advance. 3. After that, work is carried out to divert the river from the construction site ... Then they develop a trench for a water intake tray 1 and a pit for a water collecting well 8 and an outgoing water supply system 9. First, a water intake channel 1 is built from monolithic concrete or reinforced concrete, after which a water collecting well 8 is immediately built from reinforced concrete (by setting the formwork with reinforcing grids according to the size of the well, and the bay their concrete of the required grade). Simultaneously with the well 8, the inlet part of the closed outlet water supply system is being built 9. After the concrete curing of the tray 1 and the well 8, a filtering water inlet is erected above the water intake tray 1 and the catchment well 8 from a metal grate 2 and gabion mattresses 3, stacked in horizontal rows on top of the grate. And on top of the rows of gabion mattresses 3 (along the entire length and area of tray 1 and well 8), geogrids 4 are laid and their cells are filled to the top with rubble. Then, the trench around the tray 1 and the pit around the well 8 are covered with local soil, then the entire territory of the water intake with the adjacent water protection zone is cleared and landscaped.

The underflow intake of the combined design works as follows.

During the flood period, the main water flow freely flows over the water intake part of the trough 1 and the well 8, and part of the water under the action of the pressure flows into the trough 1 and the well 8 through the crushed stone layer of geogrids 4 and gabion mattresses 3 from geomat 5, which have good drainage properties. At the same time, water is purified from suspended particles at the same time, the crushed stone layer and gabion mattresses work both as filters and as drainages, retain suspended particles and ensure the intake of purified water. To ensure effective operation and prevent sediment blockage of the surface of the water intake part of the tray 1 and well 8, it is necessary that their slope along the axis of the structure (along the water intake part) is slightly greater than the slope of the river channel. Due to the good slope of the surface of the water intake (geogrids 4), the sediment that gets there with the flow of water, most of it will not linger, but will be carried away and washed away by water. The use of drainage polymer (perforated) pipes 6, geomat 5 in the manufacture of mattresses 3 provide them with flexibility and plasticity, good water intake and filtering properties. They are environmentally friendly, odorless, do not emit harmful and toxic substances, are resistant to liquid hydrocarbons, solar ultraviolet light. These geosynthetic products are highly durable and have a service life of over 25 years. Structures made of them work stably at temperatures ranging from - 20 degrees to + 40 degrees. Geomats 5 and geogrids 4 are made from inexpensive raw materials, production in our country is fine-tuned, the products are practical and durable, easy to use. For use, the most suitable geomat brand CMT 400, thickness 15 mm. Volumetric geogrids 4, used in the construction, consist of tapes connected to each other in a checkerboard pattern using welding or weaving technologies.

Thus, the under-channel intake of the combined design provides effective treatment and intake of (filtered) water from river channels.

The under-channel water intake of a combined design can be effectively used in mountainous and foothill areas of small rivers with difficult hydrological and climatic conditions for reclamation purposes for irrigating coastal lands, as well as for supplying water to small settlements and individual enterprises.

Sourse of information

1. Designer handbook. Hydraulic structures. / Edited by Doctor of Technical Sciences, prof. V.P. Nedrigi. - M .: Stroyizdat, 1983 .-- p. 434-435.

2. RF patent №2518634 Е02В 9/04 Underflow filtering water intake of combined design / Jamaludinov MM, Kurbanov SO. Bul. No. 16, June 10, 2014

Claims (2)

1. An underflow intake of a combined design, containing a drainage gallery with a filtering water intake, characterized in that the drainage gallery is made in the form of a tray, on top of which a water intake part is arranged from layers located above each other, respectively, a metal grid, gabion drainage mattresses and geogrids with filled crushed stone cells, while the drainage filler for mattresses is made of several layers of geomat and two threads of perforated pipes, which are laid layer by layer and wrapped in a gabion mesh with a prismatic shape of the mattress, and at the end of the tray there is a prismatic drainage well, on top of which a water intake is laid a part similar to the tray, so that the metal grates, rows of gabion mattresses and geogrids with rubble coincide in level and slope. 2. Underflow water intake according to claim 1, characterized in that a closed water supply system is arranged on the side of the catchment well to drain the filtered water to the water consumer.

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