RU2745450C1 - Method and composition for the production of vodka - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: winemaking and distilleries.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the wine and vodka industry. In the method of production of vodka, characterized by the fact that 40 vol. % water-ethanol mixture is injected extract containing lichen β-oligosaccharides and lichen low molecular weight substances of antioxidant action, according to the claimed invention, the extract is obtained by extracting 40 vol. % water-ethanol mixture of lichen thalli of the genus Cladonia crushed to ultrafine powder, and the extract is introduced in a ratio of 1:150 to 1:200 to the water-ethanol mixture. Also described is the composition for the production of vodka, which includes 40 vol. % water-ethanol mixture and an extract containing lichen β-oligosaccharides and lichen low-molecular substances of antioxidant action, while the ratio of the extract to the water-ethanol mixture is from 1:150 to 1:200.EFFECT: invention makes it possible to reduce the toxic and post-intoxication effect by 18-20% with almost complete preservation of the euphoric effect and to reduce the rate of formation of alcohol dependence/addiction by 20-33%.3 cl, 6 tbl

Description

The technical solution relates to the wine and vodka industry, namely to the production of vodkas with reduced toxicity and narcoticity, with retained euphoria.

In 2006-2007. in Russia, a working group of the State Council of the Russian Federation on the fight against drug addiction and alcoholism was created, which was actively involved in the development of draft concepts of the state anti-alcohol policy. The documents reflected a set of officially accepted views on the state strategy in the field of combating the abuse of alcoholic products. Experts, including politicians, doctors, marketers and other specialists, stated that it is possible to influence the alcohol situation in Russia, first of all, by changing the consumption structure.

At the same time, taking into account the multifaceted nature of the problem, the experts drew attention to the fact that vodka has become more toxic in recent years. This conclusion was made by several researchers who independently and at different times (from 2000 to 2006) studied the toxicity of vodkas. This issue is devoted to the works of Professor V.P. Nuzhny, research of Karelian forensic experts, scientists of the Institute of Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Pushchino), Kazan Federal University and others. It was found that the main reasons for the increase in the toxicity of vodkas are changes in the technologies for the production of alcohol and vodkas, such as the use of enzyme preparations, changes in technological parameters and modes in the manufacture of alcohol, the use of some water treatment systems, and the ingredient composition of formulations. Since the 80s of the XX century, Western researchers from the USA, England, Germany, Sweden have also been actively studying the effect of alcohol on the human body in order to develop mechanisms to minimize its negative impact. However, these works are often of a theoretical nature, in contrast to the works of Russian scientists, who not only identified the reasons for the increase in the toxicity of vodkas, but also were able to offer a practical solution to this problem. Since the late 1990s, Russia has developed and passed the necessary tests a number of food additives intended for use in vodkas and capable of reducing the toxic effects of ethyl alcohol: a series of food additives "Alfalyux", "Alcolux", "Alcostar" and "Frulakt" ... In recent years, vodka producers are increasingly using the developments of Russian and foreign scientists in order to improve product safety. However, manufacturers pay attention to detoxification food additives and / or technologies, first of all, because of their ability to influence the taste of the final product, and not to the ability to reduce the toxic effect of ethyl alcohol. Indeed, it is often more and more difficult for technologists to create new vodkas that would be softer than previously known samples. However, it is vodka with a minimal toxic effect that has the greatest potential for popularity among consumers, since, at present, the consumer expects from the manufacturer not only a product with excellent taste characteristics, but would also like to be sure of the maximum safety of the purchased product. At the same time, it should be emphasized that manufacturers of wine and vodka products try to use only those food additives for which there are reports from accredited laboratories that allow them to be used in the production of vodkas, and certificates of Rospotrebnadzor.

It should be emphasized that all alcoholic beverages, albeit to varying degrees, have the same toxicity problem. It is known that the toxicity and narcoticity of wine and vodka products is not caused by the ethyl alcohol itself (and not even by the methanol itself, which can be contained in the fusel oil fraction within the maximum permissible concentration established for each type of alcoholic product), but by acetaldehyde and formaldehyde formed during the oxidation of the contained in alcoholic products of methanol, to a lesser extent with acetone, which can be contained in the fusel oil fraction at concentrations below the MPC, and mainly by acetaldehyde and formaldehyde, which are formed as intermediates in the reaction of ethanol / methanol dehydrogenase oxidation in the liver and brain cells of a person who has consumed alcohol [1-6]. Acetaldehyde (and formaldehyde) can be formed during the oxidation of ethanol (methanol) and in a water-alcohol mixture if it contains cations of heavy metals that catalyze the oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde, and methanol to formaldehyde.

Accordingly, a significant reduction in the toxicity and narcoticity of wine and vodka products can be achieved, firstly, by introducing into them at certain stages of the technological process, substances that bind acetaldehyde (methanol - formaldehyde) formed during the oxidation of ethanol directly in the places of their formation in the body, there, where the highest concentration contains enzymes that oxidize ethanol to acetaldehyde (methanol - to formaldehyde) - alcohol dehydrogenase - and then acetaldehyde to acetate (formaldehyde - to formic acid) - aldehyde dehydrogenase. It is in the liver and brain cells [1-6]. Secondly, the substances that bind (chelate) cations of heavy metals directly in the water-alcohol mixture.

Moreover, these same substances themselves must be non-toxic to the body, be easily absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and penetrate further through the cell membranes, and also not bind the ethyl alcohol molecules, since it is they that cause the euphoric effect when drinking alcoholic beverages.

There are known methods of reducing the toxicity of vodkas by introducing into them a complex of antioxidants of the Caprim series, secreted from the tissues of grape scallops, preventing the formation of free radicals during ethanol oxidation, i.e. the development of a toxic effect [7]. Polygon tests of vodka containing the additive "Caprim" - "Golden Fleece", carried out for 10 months in 1983 in two districts of the Magadan region, led to a decrease in the incidence of alcoholism by 3.9 times, cases of alcoholic psychosis - by 2.5-4 , 0 times, injuries while intoxicated by 16-22% [7].

Known vodka "Kaznacheyskaya", the introduction of which a mixture of succinic acid and sodium bicarbonate in the form of an aged filtrate at a weight ratio of 1: 2 in the sorting, and fructose - in the finished vodka, helps to reduce the content of organic compounds (fusel oil, methanol) in it, causing toxicity of vodka, which reduces the level of hangover syndrome [Patent RU 2143485, IPC C12G 3/08, published on 12/27/1999].

Known vodka "Slavyanskaya Zvezda", containing an extract of the herb of the marsh grass, which in the presence of beeswax plum and sugar gives vodka antitoxic properties due to the preservation in it of a complex of bioactive substances contained in the herb of the moth: glycine, betaine, salsocollin, sterols, flavonoids carotenoids, micro- and macroelements (potassium, calcium, phosphorus, silicon and others), which help to reduce the content of toxic substances that cause alcohol intoxication. In particular, methanol, fusel oils, that is, helping to detoxify the body and reduce the toxicity of vodka [RF patent for invention No. RU 2173341, IPC: C12G 3/06, published: 09/10/2001]. The resulting vodka not only prevents alcohol intoxication, but with its moderate use prevents the formation of stones in the gallbladder, strengthens the walls of blood vessels.

Closest to the claimed invention is a method of reducing the toxicity and narcoticity of vodkas by introducing into a 40% water-alcohol mixture in a volume ratio of 1: 100 a dietary supplement to food "Yagel" containing a complex of natural bioactive substances of lichen origin, which are sorbents of heavy metal cations and carbonyl compounds contained both in the vodka products themselves in the fusel oil fraction, and formed in hepatocytes during the oxidation of ethanol in the human body, the basis of which is β-oligosaccharides formed when the thallus of Cladonia lichens is treated with carbon dioxide in the state of a supercritical fluid [RF Patent for invention No. RU 2318407, IPC: A23L 1/30; C12G 3/00, published: 03/10/2008].

The disadvantages of the prototype include, firstly, a technologically complex method of obtaining lichen β-oligosaccharides from β-polysaccharides of lichen thallus by treating lichen thallus of the genus Cladonia with carbon dioxide in a supercritical liquid state. Secondly, this method of obtaining leads to the need to use a high concentration of the introduced composition of lichen bioactive substances to achieve a detoxifying effect.

The technical effect of the claimed invention is to reduce the toxic (thymoergic) and post-intoxication effect of vodka products by 18-20% with almost complete preservation of the euphoric effect, and to reduce by 20-33% the rate of formation of drug addiction alcoholic dependence, in comparison with the prototype, that is, prevention of alcoholic diseases, including somatic pathologies of alcoholic etiology and the formation of alcohol dependence, without reducing the consumption of vodka products.

The technical effect of the claimed invention is achieved due to the fact that in the method of production of vodka, characterized by the fact that 40 vol. % water-ethanol mixture is injected with an extract containing lichen β-oligosaccharides and lichen low molecular weight substances of antioxidant action, according to the claimed invention, the extract is obtained by extracting 40 vol. % water-ethanol mixture from crushed lichen thalli of the genus Cladonia, and the extract is introduced in a ratio of 1: 150 to 1: 200 to the water-ethanol mixture. To obtain an extract, the lichen thallus of the genus Cladonia is ground to an ultrafine powder by initiating a mechanochemical reaction, during which lichen β-polysaccharides are destroyed with the formation of β-oligosaccharides and the release of lichen low-molecular substances of antioxidant action. The composition for the production of vodka includes 40 vol. % water-ethanol mixture and an extract containing lichen β-oligosaccharides and lichen low-molecular substances of antioxidant action, while the ratio of the extract to the water-ethanol mixture is from 1: 150 to 1: 200.

Due to the introduction into vodka of an extract containing lichen β-oligosaccharides and lichen low-molecular substances of antioxidant action - sorbents of heavy metal cations and carbonyl compounds (acetaldehyde, acetone) contained both in the vodka products themselves in the fusel oil fraction and formed in hepatocytes during oxidation ethanol in the human body, a decrease in the toxic (thymoergic) and post-intoxication effect of vodka products is achieved, while the euphoric effect is almost completely preserved. Moreover, due to the fact that the extract is obtained by extracting 40 vol. % water-ethanol mixture from crushed lichen thalli of the genus Cladonia, the introduction of the extract even in a ratio of 1: 150 to 1: 200 to the water-ethanol mixture allows you to achieve a more pronounced effect in comparison with the prototype. To obtain an extract, the lichen thallus of the genus Cladonia, in an advantageous embodiment, is ground to an ultrafine powder with a mechanochemical reaction of β-oligosaccharide formation during the destruction of lichen β-polysaccharides, in which part of the strong lichen β-polysaccharides is split to readily soluble in 40 vol.% - water-ethanol mixture of β-oligosaccharides.

The invention can be implemented as follows. At the first stage, an extract is obtained by extracting 40 vol. % water-ethanol mixture of crushed lichen thalli of the genus Cladonia . From the lichens of the genus Cladonia, they are ground to an ultrafine powder , for example, by means of a technologically simple mechanochemical activation, in which a mechanochemical reaction of β-oligosaccharide formation occurs during the destruction of lichen β-polysaccharides, that is, strong lichen β-polysaccharides are broken down to readily soluble β-polysaccharides in 40. % water-ethanol mixture of β-oligosaccharides. At the same time, partial cleavage of a strong three-dimensional matrix of lichen β-polysaccharides allows deimmobilization of lichen low molecular weight natural antioxidant substances. From the crushed lichen thallus, 40 vol.% Water-ethanol mixture (per 100 g of powder 1 liter of water-ethanol mixture) are extracted lichen β-oligosaccharides and lichen low-molecular substances of antioxidant action. At the second stage, the obtained extract (hereinafter, "Lichen extract") is introduced into vodka products in the range of volumetric ratios from 1: 150 to 1: 200.

The composition of the main components of "Lichen extract" is presented in table 1.

Table 1

The name of indicators Composition of the composition Ethanol content, vol.% 40 ± 2 *) Dry residue, wt.% 1.55 ± 0.15 *) The content of β-oligosaccharides, mg / ml 3.9 ± 0.3 ^*) The content of the sum of low molecular weight antioxidants, including orselinic, lecanoric, gyrophoric, chiasic acids, quinones, mg / ml ≥10 Vitamin B ₁₂ , μg / ml 0.45 ± 0.05 ^*) Folic acid, μg / ml 8.2 ± 0.8 ^*) Protein content, wt% <0.05 ÷ 0.08 Lipid content, wt% <0.15 Levels of gamma (μR / h) and beta radioactivity (part / m ² min) not higher than background Heavy metal content <0.01 wt%

^*) confidence interval p <0.05

The influence of "Lichen extract" on the euphoric, intoxication (thymoergic), post-intoxication and narcotic effects of 40 vol.% Water-ethanol mixture (VES) was investigated in experiments with laboratory rats. The studies were carried out on 5 groups (n in each series is equal to 15): group 1 - 40 vol.% - water-ethanol mixture (VES), group 2 - 40 vol.% - VES with the introduction in a volume ratio of 1: 100 dietary supplements "Yagel" (prototype), groups 3, 4, 5 - 40 vol.% - Naya VES with the introduction of "Lichen extract" in volumetric ratios of 1: 150, 1: 200 and 1: 250, respectively. The experiments were carried out according to standard methods:

- on the dynamics of the euphoric effect of ethanol for 7 hours (Table 2) and the concentration of ethanol and acetone (intoxication, thymoergic effect; Table 3) in the blood 3 and 5 hours after the introduction of AES at a dose of 3 g / kg in rats - by methods [8, 9];

table 2

Dynamics of the severity of the euphoric effect of ethanol at a dose of 3 g / kg in the form of a 40% (vol.) Solution (group 1), with the addition of Yagel dietary supplement (group 2) and with the addition of Lichen extract (3-5 groups) in rats

Groups
(n) The degree of euphoric state of rats in points after
ethanol introduction via: M ± SD Points total 1 hour 2 hours 3 hours 4 hours 5 o'clock 6 hours 7 o'clock 1st group
40 vol.% - naya WPP (15) 4.2 ± 0.5 4.1 ± 0.4 3.7 ± 0.4 2.9 ± 0.3 2.1 ± 0.3 1.4 ± 0.3 0.8 ± 0.2 19.2 ± 2.4 2nd group
40 vol.% - naya wind farm + dietary supplement "Yagel" 1: 100 - prototype (15) 4.0 ± 0.4 3.9 ± 0.3 3.5 ± 0.4 2.8 ± 0.3 2.0 ± 0.3 1.3 ± 0.2 0.7 ± 0.2 18.2 ± 2.1 3rd group
40 vol.% - naya WPP + "Lichen extract" 1: 150 (15) 4.1 ± 0.4 3.9 ± 0.3 3.6 ± 0.4 2.8 ± 0.3 2.0 ± 0.3 1.3 ± 0.2 0.8 ± 0.2 18.5 ± 2 4th group
40 vol.% - naya WPP + "Lichen extract" 1: 200 (15) 4.1 ± 0.4 3.9 ± 0.3 3.6 ± 0.4 2.9 ± 0.3 2.0 ± 0.3 1.4 ± 0.2 0.8 ± 0.2 18.7 ± 2 5th group
40 vol.% - th WPP + "Lichen extract" 1: 250 (15) 4.2 ± 0.4 4.1 ± 0.3 3.6 ± 0.4 2.8 ± 0.3 2.1 ± 0.3 1.4 ± 0.2 0.8 ± 0.2 18.9 ± 2

Table 3

The concentration of ethanol and acetone in the blood 3 and 5 hours after the introduction of 40 vol.% VES to rats at a dose of 3 g / kg (group 1) and a similar dose of the same VES strength with the addition of Yagel dietary supplement (group 2) and with the addition of "Lichen extract" (3-5 groups)

Groups (n) M ± SD Ethanol concentration in blood after 3 hours, g / l Ethanol concentration in blood after 5 h, g / l The concentration of acetone in the blood after 3 hours, mg / l The concentration of acetone in the blood after 5 hours, mg / l 1st group
40 vol.% - naya WPP (15) 2.43 ± 0.35 1.52 ± 0.18 10.1 ± 1.1 * 13.9 ± 1.2 * 2nd group
40 vol.% - naya wind farm + dietary supplement "Yagel" 1: 100 - prototype (15) 2.11 ± 0.29 1.29 ± 0.18 5.5 ± 0.5 * 5.6 ± 0.5 * 3rd group
40 vol.% - naya WPP + "Lichen extract" 1: 150 (15) 2.20 ± 0.29 1.37 ± 0.18 4.4 ± 0.4 * 4.5 ± 0.4 * 4th group
40 vol.% - naya WPP + "Lichen extract" 1: 200 (15) 2.30 ± 0.29 1.44 ± 0.18 4.5 ± 0.4 * 4.8 ± 0.5 * 5th group
40 vol.% - naya WPP + "Lichen extract" 1: 250 (15) 2.40 ± 0.29 1.50 ± 0.18 8.7 ± 0.6 * 11.9 ± 1.2 *

^*) confidence interval p <0.05

- on the post-intoxication state of rats 17 hours after IES with supplements of dietary supplements "Yagel" and "Lichen extract" in the same doses (Tables 4 and 5) - according to the methods [9, 10];

Table 4

Parameters of behavior of rats in the "Open Field" test 17 hours after the introduction of 40 vol.% VES at a dose of 6 g / kg (group 2), 40 vol.% VES with the addition of the Yagel dietary supplement (3- I group) and with the addition of "Lichen extract" in the same dose (4-6 groups) and intact rats, which were injected with equivalent volumes of water instead of IES (1st group) ¹

Groups (n) Horizontal locomotor activity Racks General physical activity Looking into the "holes" Shaking your head Shaking with front paws Shaking my whole body All the shaking 1st group
Control (Water) 292 ± 32 12 ± 5 304 ± 33 3.3 ± 1.2 1.7 ± 1.5 0.2 ± 0.1 0.3 ± 0.1 2.2 ± 1.7 2nd group
40 vol.% - naya wind farm 192 ± 35 ^** 18 ± 4 210 ± 36 ^** 2.3 ± 1.1 5.1 ± 2.1 ^** 3.3 ± 1.2 ^*** 0.5 ± 0.2 8.9 ± 3.5 ^*** 3rd group
40 vol.% - naya wind farm + dietary supplement "Yagel" 1: 100 - prototype (15) 275 ± 31 ^*** 13 ± 6 288 ± 32 ^*** 3.2 ± 1.2 2.1 ± 1.5 ^* 0.4 ± 0.2 ^*** 0.4 ± 0.1 2.9 ± 1.8 ^* 4th group
40 vol.% - naya WPP + "Lichen extract" 1: 150 (15) 330 ± 31 ^*** 10 ± 6 340 ± 32 ^*** 3.8 ± 1.2 1.7 ± 1.5 ^* 0.3 ± 0.2 ^*** 0.3 ± 0.1 2.3 ± 1.8 ^* 5th group
40 vol.% - naya WPP + "Lichen extract" 1: 200 (15) 324 ± 31 ^*** 10 ± 6 334 ± 32 ^*** 3.7 ± 1.2 1.8 ± 1.5 ^* 0.3 ± 0.2 ^*** 0.3 ± 0.1 2.4 ± 1.8 ^* 6th group
40 vol.% - naya WPP + "Lichen extract" 1: 250 (15) 210 ± 31 ^*** 14 ± 6 224 ± 32 ^*** 2.6 ± 1.2 3.5 ± 1.5 ^* 2.5 ± 0.2 ^*** 0.5 ± 0.1 6.5 ± 1.8 ^*

Continuation of table 4

Groups Number of episodes normal. grooming Number of abortive episodes grooming Grooming time Time for passive behavior
niya Straub reaction (in%) Teeth grinding (in%) Number of bowel movements Number of urinations (in%) 1st group
Control (Water) 7.2 ± 1.4 1.0 ± 0.7 25.0 ± 20.9 12.4 ± 14.8 0 28.6 2.6 ± 2.8 14.3 2nd group
40 vol.% - naya wind farm 3.9 ± 2.8 1.7 ± 1.1 17.9 ± 10.1 4.9 ± 4.2 35.5 19.6 0.9 ± 1.0 * 20.5 3rd group
40 vol.% - naya wind farm + dietary supplement "Yagel" 1: 100 - prototype (15) 5.9 ± 1.4 1.1 ± 0.7 23.9 ± 15.1 8.6 ± 14.8 2.1 25.6 2.1 ± 1.3 16.8 4th group
40 vol.% - naya WPP + "Lichen extract" 1: 150 (15) 7.1 ± 1.4 0.9 ± 0.7 28.7 ± 15.1 10.3 ± 14.8 1.7 30.7 2.5 ± 1.3 13.5 5th group
40 vol.% - naya WPP + "Lichen extract" 1: 200 (15) 7.0 ± 1.4 0.9 ± 0.7 28.2 ± 15.1 10.1 ± 14.8 1.7 30.2 2.5 ± 1.3 14.0 6th group
40 vol.% - naya WPP + "Lichen extract" 1: 250 (15) 4.5 ± 1.4 1.5 ± 0.8 19.8 ± 11.2 5.5 ± 4.3 23.1 20.4 1.3 ± 1.0 18.6

Note: ¹ - data are presented as M ± SD;

* - p <0.05; ** - p <0.01; *** - p <0.001 in comparison with the 1st group

Table 5

Evaluation of memory in the test "Passive avoidance reaction" in rats 17 hours after administration of 40 vol.% AES at a dose of 6 g / kg (group 2), 40 vol.% AES with the addition of Yagel dietary supplement ( 3rd group) and with the addition of "Lichen extract" in the same dose (4-6 groups) and intact rats, which were injected with equivalent volumes of water instead of 40 vol.% VES (1st group), p <0, 05 *

Groups
(n) M ± SD Lat. period of descent to the floor, initial Lat. the period of descent to the floor, after 1.5 hours Δ lat. period of descent to the floor Lat. period
avoidance initial Lat. avoidance period
In 1.5 hours Δ lat. period
avoidance 1st group
Water (15) 5 ± 2 34 ± 8 15 ± 5 6 ± 2 29 ± 4 12 ± 3 2nd group
40 vol.% - naya wind farm 6 ± 2 26 ± 7 10 ± 4 5 ± 2 17 ± 3 6 ± 2 3rd group
40 vol.% - naya wind farm + dietary supplement "Yagel" 1: 100 - prototype (15) 5 ± 2 30 ± 8 13 ± 5 5 ± 2 24 ± 4 10 ± 2 4th group
40 vol.% - naya WPP + "Lichen extract" 1: 150 (15) 5 ± 2 36 ± 8 16 ± 5 6 ± 2 29 ± 5 12 ± 3 5th group
40 vol.% - naya WPP + "Lichen extract" 1: 200 (15) 6 ± 2 35 ± 8 15 ± 5 5 ± 2 28 ± 5 12 ± 3 6th group
40 vol.% - naya WPP + "Lichen extract" 1: 250 (15) 5 ± 2 28 ± 7 11 ± 5 5 ± 2 20 ± 3 8 ± 2

- on the rate of drug addiction formation in laboratory rats against the background of prolonged (up to 3 months) intravenous administration of a daily dose of 3 g / kg of "Lichen extract", assessing the proportion of alcohol-dependent animals by placing them in a free choice between drinking water and 15 vol. .% water-ethanol mixture, every 2 weeks of the experiment (table. 6) - according to the method [3].

Table 6

The proportion of rats choosing a drinker with a 15 vol.% Water-ethanol mixture under free choice conditions (p <0.05 *)

Groups (n)

Duration of the previous period of intravenous administration
40 vol.% VES at a dose of 3 g / kg (group 2) and a similar dose of the same strength of VES solutions with the addition of dietary supplements to food "Yagel" (3rd group) and "Lichen extract" (4-6 groups) or drinking water (group 1), day 0 14 28 32 48 62 76 90 The proportion of rats choosing a drinker with 15 vol.% VES under free choice conditions 1st group Water (15) 5 ± 2 5 ± 2 4 ± 2 5 ± 2 6 ± 2 5 ± 2 4 ± 2 6 ± 2 2nd group
40 vol.% - naya wind farm 4 ± 2 6 ± 2 8 ± 2 12 ± 2 25 ± 2 41 ± 2 57 ± 2 62 ± 2 3rd group
40 vol.% - naya wind farm + dietary supplement "Yagel" 1: 100 - prototype (15) 6 ± 2 5 ± 2 5 ± 2 7 ± 2 9 ± 2 11 ± 3 13 ± 2 15 ± 2 4th group
40 vol.% - naya WPP + "Lichen extract" 1: 150 (15) 4 ± 2 5 ± 2 4 ± 2 6 ± 2 7 ± 2 8 ± 3 9 ± 2 10 ± 2 5th group
40 vol.% - naya WPP + "Lichen extract" 1: 200 (15) 6 ± 2 5 ± 2 5 ± 2 6 ± 2 7 ± 2 10 ± 3 11 ± 2 12 ± 2 6th group
40 vol.% - naya WPP + "Lichen extract" 1: 250 (15) 5 ± 2 6 ± 2 7 ± 2 10 ± 2 15 ± 2 22 ± 3 28 ± 2 38 ± 2

Given in table. 2 data indicate that the introduction of "Lichen extract" in the composition of 40 vol.% Water-ethanol mixture (WEC) in the range of volumetric ratios from 1: 100 to 1: 250 does not reliably affect the severity of the euphoric effect of ethanol. This is also evidenced by unreliable changes in the level of ethanol in the blood of rats in groups No. 3-5 compared to the prototype (group No. 2), especially 5 hours after the introduction of a water-ethanol mixture with additives "Lichen extract" (Table 3).

At the same time, the dynamics of a decrease in the level of acetone in the blood of rats, reflecting the degree of the toxic (thymoergic effect) of AES indicates a significant decrease in the blood of rats of groups No. 3-4 by 15-20% 3-5 hours after the introduction of AES with additives " Lichen extract "in a ratio of 1: 150 - 1: 200, compared with the prototype, that is, compared with a ratio of 1: 100 (Table 3).

Evaluation of the influence of the introduction of "Lichen extract" in a 40 vol.% VES in the range of ratios 1: 150 ÷ 1: 250, in comparison with the prototype, on the post-intoxication effect was carried out using the "open field" tests, evaluating the following behavioral indicators of rats: motor activity - vertical and horizontal, looking into "holes", shaking the head, paws and the whole body, the number of episodes of complete and abortive grooming, the time of grooming, the time of passive behavior, the presence of Straub's symptom, squeaking teeth, the number of bowel movements and urination boluses (tab. four). It can be seen that with the volumetric ratios "40 vol.% VES" / "Lichen extract" 1: 150 ÷ 1: 200, the post-intoxication effect decreases by 18-20%.

Evaluation of the ability of rats to maintain the skill of passive avoidance of electric current was carried out after testing in the "open field" (Table 5). This technique makes it possible to judge the short-term memory of animals. The results of these series of experiments confirm the conclusion that the post-intoxication effect decreases by 18-20% at volume ratios of "40 vol.% VES" / "Lichen extract" 1: 150 ÷ 1: 200.

The results of a study of the effect of introducing into a 40 vol.% Water-ethanol mixture of "Lichen extract" on the rate of formation of alcohol (drug) dependence in laboratory animals with a three-month daily administration of these solutions indicate that at volume ratios of "40 vol.% VES "/" Lichen extract "1: 150 ÷ 1: 200 (groups No. 4 and 5), it decreases by 20-33% compared to the prototype (group No. 2; Table 6).

Analysis of the results given in tables 2-6 shows that the introduction of "Lichen extract" in a 40 vol.% Water-alcohol mixture in the range of ratios from 1: 150 to 1: 200 in order to detoxify and prevent alcoholic pathologies can reduce by 18 -20% toxic and post-intoxication effect of alcohol, with full preservation of the euphoric effect, and reduce the rate of formation of drug addiction by 20-33%.

Literature

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Claims (3)

1. Method for the production of vodka, characterized by the fact that 40 vol. % water-ethanol mixture is injected extract containing lichen β-oligosaccharides and lichen low molecular weight substances of antioxidant action, characterized in that the extract is obtained by extracting 40 vol. % water-ethanol mixture of lichen thalli of the genus Cladonia crushed to ultrafine powder, while the extract is introduced in a ratio from 1: 150 to 1: 200 to the water-ethanol mixture. 2. A method for the production of vodka according to claim 1, characterized in that to obtain an extract of the lichen thallus of the genus Cladonia, it is ground to an ultrafine powder by initiating a mechanochemical reaction, during which lichen β-polysaccharides are destroyed with the formation of β-oligosaccharides and the release of lichen low molecular weight substances of antioxidant ... 3. Composition for the production of vodka, including 40 vol. % water-ethanol mixture and an extract containing lichen β-oligosaccharides and lichen low molecular weight substances of antioxidant action, characterized in that the extract is obtained by extracting 40 vol. % water-ethanol mixture of lichen thalli of the genus Cladonia crushed to an ultrafine powder, and the ratio of the extract to the water-ethanol mixture is from 1: 150 to 1: 200.