RU2743335C1 - Psychophysiological method for assessing monotonic resistance - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to medicine, in particular to psychophysiology, and can be used for assessing monotonic resistance. The method consists in displaying a stimulating field having fixed positions and a luminous stimulus, in gradually jumping the two positions along the circumference and in crossing and recording the reaction to the occurrence of crosswalks. The stimulation field contains uniformly marked positions along the circumference. The luminous stimulus represents a spot of green colour. In the case of a reaction to a recalculation of a luminous stimulus, more than 4 seconds is counted as an error. Testing is carried out within 30 minutes. At the first part of the test, during the first five minutes, ten changes of the luminous stimulus are shown and the arithmetic mean time of the reaction is recorded. At the second part of the test, during the next 25 minutes, the M recalculations of the luminous stimulus are presented, the ТМreaction time of each M reconnect and the number of N errors are recorded, and the times of the ТМand Tc reactions are compared. The monotonic resistance is assessed as positive if the following conditions are met: reaction time of 0.6 s or less; ratio of each ТМvalue to Tc value, %, less than 2 values of less than 50%; number of N errors is no more than 2. The number of M changes of the luminous stimulus in the second part of the test is between 4 and 8, and the luminous stimulus changes are presented at random.EFFECT: method enables increasing reliability of a monotonic resistance assessment by forming an adequate stimulating situation.3 cl, 1 dwg, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to psychophysiology and can be used when conducting psychophysiological research and professional and psychological examination of operators in various areas of work, containing the conditions of exposure to monotonous factors.

Monotonous stability, as the ability of a human operator to maintain his attention at the required level for a long time under the conditions of monotonously acting factors (monotonous visual field, monotonous acoustic background, rare appearance of significant signals during a long period of monotonous activity), quickly noticing and accurately responding to the appearance of hardly noticeable significant changes in the current situation, is an important factor in ensuring the safety and reliability of professional activities.

There is a known method for determining the professional suitability of drivers (SU 1297804 A1, 03/23/1987), which is carried out by registering an electrocardiogram before and during psychological tests aimed at switching attention, with an assessment of the pulse rate shifts and comparing them with reference indicators, and the subject is additionally presented in strict sequence of psychological tests aimed at identifying the strength of the nervous system, resistance to monotony, noise immunity of the nervous system, the ability to learn, probabilistic prediction and switching attention, the ratio of inhibition and excitation processes in the nervous system. The data obtained are consistently compared with the reference table and determine the suitability of the test subject for the profession of a driver.

It is known that the properties of attention can be assessed by the ratio of the processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system (RU 2322187 C1, Mari State Technical University, 20.04.2008). A circle is shown on the computer monitor, on which a mark is placed, and a point object moving along a circle at a given speed appears. At the moment of the supposed coincidence of the position of the point object with the mark, the subject by pressing the "Fix" button fixes the position of the point object relative to the mark. The time lag or lead error is measured and evaluated. However, the method does not allow evaluating and measuring the indices of the level of attentiveness of the subject during long-term tracking under conditions of monotonously acting factors.

A method for assessing the time of a person's emergency reaction to a moving object is described (RU 2408265 C1, Mari State Technical University, 10.01.2011). The subject is shown on the video monitor a circle along which a point object moves at a given speed, and a mark, the position of which is set randomly. At the moment of the supposed coincidence of the position of the moving point object with the mark, the subject by pressing the "Stop" button stops the movement of the point object. Calculate the mismatch error between the point object and the label - the time of the positive-sign lag error or the negative-sign lead error. The time of a person's emergency reaction to a moving object is taken equal to the value of the reaction time Tp at the point where the graph reaches a plateau. The method does not provide for an assessment of changes in the level of attentiveness of the subject during long-term tracking of a moving object.

There is a known method for assessing the speed of the visual-motor reaction and the device-simulator for its implementation (RU 2467678 C1, NTSN RAMS 27.11.2012). At the moment the ball visually passes the target mark, the test subject presses the button of the electric stopwatch. Measurements are taken in three positions: frontally, from above at an angle, perpendicular. This method does not provide for an assessment of the dynamics of the subject's attention indicators during prolonged visual tracking and does not include the conditions of exposure to monotonously acting factors.

The closest to the patentable is a method for assessing the response of an operator's readiness to an emergency action under conditions of monotonically acting factors (SU 522847 A1, All-Russian Research Institute of Railway Hygiene, 08/04/1976 - prototype). The method is realized with the use of a light indicator with a surrounding light stimulus, located on the operative field. The program block controls the switch, which provides discrete movement of the light stimulus around the circumference of the operational field, jumps the stimulus through one position of the operational field and turns on the chronometer. The operator, having detected a jump, returns the indicator to its original position, and the reaction time to the occurrence of a jump is recorded. In the absence of reaction from the side of the subject, the chronometer and the recorder return to their initial position, corresponding to the zero count. Before some "jumps", according to the program, the switch turns on a warning signal. In studies, the amplification of monotonously acting factors (uniform jumps of the light spot in a circle) is achieved by giving sound periodic signals in the form of "clicks" that synchronously accompany the movement of the light stimulus. The algorithm and the time for giving jumps always remain unchanged.

The present invention is aimed at increasing the reliability of assessing the monotonic stability of the operator by forming an adequate stimulus situation in which the subject has to perform the task for a long time to monitor the appearance of rare little noticeable events and quickly respond to them under conditions of intense exposure to monotonous factors. This is the technical result of the invention.

The patented method for assessing monotonic stability includes presenting a stimulus field with fixed positions and a luminous stimulus that progressively jumps around positions around the circumference and makes jumps and registration of the reaction to the occurrence of jumps.

The difference is as follows. The stimulus field contains positions evenly marked around the circumference, the luminous stimulus represents a green spot, and an error is counted when the response to the jump of the luminous stimulus for more than 4 seconds is observed.

Testing is carried out for 30 minutes, while in the first part of testing, during the first five minutes, ten jumps of the luminous stimulus are presented, the arithmetic mean reaction time Tc is recorded.

Then, in the second part of testing, during the next 25 minutes, M jumps of the luminous stimulus are presented, the time T _{M of the} reaction to each M jump and the number of N errors _{are recorded, and the times T M} and Tc of the reaction are compared.

Monotonic stability is assessed as positive if the following conditions are met: reaction time Tc - no more than 0.6 sec; the ratio of each T _M value to the Tc value, in% - no more than 2 values less than 50%; the number N of errors is no more than 2.

The method can be characterized in that the number M of jumps of the luminous stimulus in the second part of testing is from 4 to 8, as well as in that the presentation of jumps of the luminous stimulus is performed randomly.

The method for assessing monotonic stability can be implemented using a hardware-software computerized complex equipped with a test subject's measuring panel (PI). The method allows to significantly increase the variability of the moments of time of presentation of significant signals during the examination, which makes the task of timely response to jumps of the luminous stimulus for the subject more difficult.

Stimulus field 10 contains positions 1 located along the perimeter of circle 2 (see figure). When starting the test sequentially, from position 1 to subsequent positions (from the first and then in a circle repeatedly), stimulus 4 in the form of a green light spot jumps clockwise 3, starting from the top 5th position, without missing any of the 1 positions. glow of stimulus 4 in position - 2 sec. The movement (jumps) of stimulus 4 is accompanied by asynchronous sound signals: a jump of the light spot is performed with a frequency of 2 seconds from the beginning of the examination, and a sound signal - with a frequency of 1.7 seconds.

In the course of movement, at some time intervals, stimulus 4 makes a "jump", that is, a jump through one position, which is a signal for the subject's response. The response to signals is carried out by pressing the button of the measuring panel of the subject.

The method is carried out as follows. Operator testing has two parts. The times of the moments of jumps are fixed. Total duration of the examination: 30 min.

The first part of the test lasts 5 minutes and contains 10 "jumps" without warning. In the case of a timely response of the subject to the "jump" (reaction time less than 4 s), stimulus 4 in the form of a green light spot continues its movement in a circle. In the case of a missing "jump" (the reaction time exceeds 4 s), stimulus 4 also continues its movement in a circle, but the error is set off. During the first part, the arithmetic mean reaction time Tc is calculated.

The second part of testing lasts 25 minutes and contains M (4 to 8) "jumps" without warning. In the case of a timely response of the subject to the "jump" (reaction time less than 4 s), stimulus 4 - the green light spot continues its movement in a circle. In case of missing a "jump" (reaction time exceeds 4 s), the green light spot continues to move in a circle and the error is set off. During the second part, all the times T _{M of the} reaction to "jumps" _{are measured and each value of T M is} compared with the arithmetic mean time Tc of the reaction from the first part of the survey, and the number N of errors - missing "jumps" in the second part of the test is calculated.

When conducting a professional psychological examination of operators, the criteria of measured psychophysiological indicators (positive assessment) are used:

- Arithmetic mean reaction time for the first 10 signals: no more than 0.6 sec,

- coefficient of monotonic stability (CMU is the ratio of each value of the time T _{M of the} reaction to "jumps" in the second part of the survey to the time Tc of the reaction, in%): no more than 2 values less than 50%,

- number of errors N: no more than 2 pcs.

Below are two examples that give a negative assessment of monotonic stability according to the established criteria.

Example 1. Operator K.N., 48 years old. He committed wrong actions that resulted in a collision of rolling stock. Test results:

reaction time Tc: 0.84 sec;

CMU more than 50%: - 5 pcs.,

number of skips jumps: 4 pcs.

Example 2. Driver SA, 37 years old. He made the passage of a prohibitory signal, which resulted in an incision of the switch and overturning of a shunting locomotive. Test results:

reaction time Tc: 0.75 sec;

CMU more than 50%: - 4 pcs.,

number of skips jumps: 6 pcs.

The quantitative values of the criteria for a positive assessment of monotonic stability according to this psychophysiological method have been successfully tested on workers of locomotive brigades of railway transport. This gives reason to consider the achieved technical result of the invention in terms of increasing the reliability of assessing the monotonic stability of the operator due to the formation of an adequate stimulus situation.

Claims (10)

1. A method for assessing monotonic stability, including the presentation of a stimulus field with fixed positions and a luminous stimulus, progressively jumps around the position around the circle and making jumps and recording the reaction to the occurrence of jumps, characterized in that the stimulus field contains positions uniformly marked around the circumference, the luminous stimulus represents a green spot, when the response to the jump of the luminous stimulus for more than 4 seconds, an error is counted; testing is carried out for 30 minutes, while in the first part of testing, during the first five minutes, ten jumps of the luminous stimulus are presented, the arithmetic mean reaction time Tc is recorded; then, in the second part of testing, over the next 25 minutes, M jumps of the luminous stimulus are presented, the time T _{M of the} reaction to each M jump and the number of N errors _{are recorded, and the times T M} and Tc of the reaction are compared, in this case, monotonic stability is assessed as positive if the following conditions are met: reaction time Tc - no more than 0.6 sec; the ratio of each T _M value to the Tc value,%, - no more than 2 values less than 50%; the number N of errors is no more than 2. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the number M of jumps of the luminous stimulus in the second part of testing is from 4 to 8. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the presentation of jumps of the luminous stimulus is performed in a random manner.

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