RU2741100C1 - Method for increasing productivity of meat breed geese - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to a method for increasing productivity of meat geese. Method is characterized by introduction of a coniferous-energy additive in amount of 4 ml per head to geese from a daily age on 77^th day of growing into the basic ration.

EFFECT: invention usage will allow increasing productivity of meat geese.

1 cl, 7 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, namely to poultry and can be used as a feed additive to increase the productivity of geese of meat breeds.

Adequate feeding of poultry is the most important part of industrial poultry technologies. The organization of rational feeding should be based on taking into account the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the bird, which determine the specificity of digestion and metabolism in different species and age groups [Kononenko S., Osepchuk D., Pyshmantseva N., Bolobolov A., Savosko V. Features of breeding geese // Compound feed. - 2011. - No. 3. - S. 77-78 (1)].

For many years, in Russian livestock and poultry farming, wheat and wheat-barley feeds have been used, in connection with which there is a question of increasing their calorie content. Vegetable oils are most often used as an energy source [Konchakova E.A., Kuznetsov A.S. New sources of energy - dry fats // Effective feed that year. - 2008. - No. 4 (28). - S. 28 (2)].

There is a known method of feeding broilers with complete feed mixtures, in which from 8 to 28 days of growing 1.5% of vegetable oil by weight of compound feed was replaced with 3% of palm fat "Wedzhelin" [Skvortsova LN, Svistunov AA, Nigoev O.A. Influence of fat additives on anatomical parameters of broiler chickens // Poultry and poultry products. - 2012. - No. 2. - S. 39-40 (3)]. The inclusion of dry palm fat "Vejelin" in the feed mixture contributed to an increase in live weight, average daily gains, and a decrease in feed costs per unit of live weight gain. The slaughter yield has increased. The use of fat supplements has been shown to increase the protein content and reduce the level of fat in the poultry breast muscles.

The use of soy and propylene glycol in the diets of cows has been studied. It was found that when feeding an energy feed additive, the milk yield of animals per lactation increases by 6.0%, the fat content in milk - by 0.2%, and the combined use of soy and propylene glycol - by 13.5%) and 0.4%), respectively. Also, the cost of feed for the production of 1 kg of milk is reduced by 7.0%, the cost of 1 centner of milk is reduced by 26 rubles. At the same time, the profitability of milk production increases by 2.0% [Shevchenko NI, Kel Ye.A. The productivity of cows when using soy and propylene glycol // Bulletin of the Altai State Agrarian University. - 2012. - No. 5 (91). - S. 64-67. (4)].

Feeding propylene glycol to cows at a dose of 100 g per head per day, starting from the dry period, 45-30 days before calving and within 60-90 days after calving, allows you to get healthy calves, reduce the incidence of postpartum gynecological complications, and increase the productivity of experienced cows by 488 liters of milk per lactation and reduce the decrease in their live weight in the first 3 months of lactation by 70 kg [Kundyshev, PP. Feeding high-yielding cows / Tsenovik. - 2010. - No. 7 (5)].

An alternative to propylene glycol is glycerin. Its metabolic rate is lower than that of propylene glycol; therefore, animals do not have a quick feeling of satiety, which entails a decrease in feed intake. Glycerin is a syrupy liquid that is not harmful to the environment, since it decomposes quickly and does not pose a threat to soil and groundwater in case of an accident and spill. That is why it can be used in animal feeding as an energy supplement [Podkuvka V. Glycerin from rapeseed - sweet feed // Proposition. - 2005. - No. 08-09. - S. 36. (6)].

Along with the problem of optimizing and improving feeding rations, the issue of obtaining ecologically safe poultry products is acute, therefore, the need for scientific research to increase the productivity of farm animals is very urgent.

Balancing rations can be achieved not only by introducing deficient components, but also by using feed additives that increase the efficiency of feed assimilation. Biologically active preparations provide a more complete extraction of nutrients from feed, normalize the work of the digestive system and thus allow to provide the physiological needs of the body [Karpov V. Effectiveness of complex application of feed additives of natural origin in cattle breeding / Dairy and beef cattle breeding. - 2009. No. 4. S. 15-17 (7); Henning A. Mineral substances, vitamins, biostimulants in feeding farm animals / M .: Kolos. - 1986. S. 118-127 (8)].

Currently, the most promising are studies related to the use of bioregulatory products in veterinary medicine, which are abundant in woody greens.

The beneficial properties of woody greenery containing carotene, chlorophyll, xanthophyll, proteins, polysaccharides, nucleic acids, flavanoids, amino acids, vitamins K, E, C and other substances that play a significant role in metabolism and in the synthesis of a number of new vitamins in the body do not cause doubts [Yagodin V.I., Vyrodov V.A. Technology of biologically active substances from woody greenery. SPb .: LTA, 1999, 80 p. (nine); Ryzhov V.A., Ryzhova E.S., Korotkiy V.P., Zenkin A.S., Marisov S.S. Development and industrial application of domestic phytobiotics / Scientific and methodological electronic journal Concept. 2015.Vol. 13.P. 3236-3240. (ten)].

Pine needles contain iron, manganese, copper, zinc, cobalt, potassium, sodium, calcium and other micro- and macroelements. The high content of cobalt in the needles explains the therapeutic effect of feeding it to cattle with tabes. In addition, the needles contain resinous substances, essential oils and phytoncides, which have a bacteriostatic effect on the intestinal microflora.

The purpose of the present invention is the use of a coniferous energy additive [TU 9759-011-42400357-13. Coniferous energy additive. Technical conditions. N. Novgorod, 2013, 9 p. (11)] with the aim of increasing the productivity of beef geese by improving the digestive and metabolic processes in the body.

The method of increasing the productivity of geese of meat breeds consists in introducing a coniferous energy supplement into the main diet, characterized in that the coniferous energy supplement is added in an amount of 4 ml per head, within 77 days of growing geese.

The manufacturer of the coniferous energy additive (HED) is LLC STC "Himinvest" N. Novgorod [Technological regulations for the production of coniferous energy additive. N. Novgorod, 2013, 11 p. (12)].

HED is a homogeneous viscous liquid with a characteristic coniferous odor, olive green or dark green color, water content not more than 50%, pH 8.0-9.0, density not less than 1.126 g / cm ³ and mass fraction of carotene not less than 3 mg% per 100 g of extract. Studies of the chemical composition of CED showed a high content of B vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B9), as well as carotenoids and other biologically active compounds. The energy value of the coniferous energy supplement is 250 kcal / 100 g of the supplement.

Scientific and production experience was carried out in the farm "Derenchenko AA" Yeisk district of Krasnodar region on geese of Lindovskaya breed.

To conduct research from goslings of day-old age, 4 groups of 36 heads in each were formed by the method of analogs. According to the experimental design, Group 1 was the control group and received a basic diet without additives. The feed for the second, third and fourth experimental groups of goslings included 3, 4 and 5 ml of coniferous energy supplement (CED) per 1 head. The experiment was carried out according to generally accepted techniques (VNITIP, 2000). Poultry of all groups were kept in the same conditions, with free access to food and water. The experiment lasted from 1 to 77 days of rearing geese.

The diets for geese in the research and production experience were balanced in all nutrients and corresponded to the needs of the birds during all rearing periods.

The dynamics of the live weight was recorded by individually weighing the goslings on an electronic balance (periodically). Gross and average daily gains in live weight of goslings were calculated based on the data obtained as a result of periodic weighing.

Feed consumption per 1 kg of live weight gain was determined by calculation, taking into account data on changes in live weight and the amount of feed consumed.

At the end of the experiment, a control slaughter of 6 heads (3 males and 3 females) from each group was carried out in order to study the slaughter yield, morphological composition of carcasses and the development of internal organs of the bird. The economic efficiency was calculated according to the economic indicators provided by the farm.

Biometric data were calculated using the Microsoft Excel program according to N.A. Plokhinsky (1969), the differences were considered significant at P <0.05; P <0.01; P <0.001.

The results of studies on the dynamics of changes in poultry live weight are presented in Table 1.

When setting up the experiment, the live weight of goslings in all groups was almost identical.

After 30 days of the experiment in the second group of the experiment, there was a tendency to an increase in live weight by 2.9%. In the third and fourth poultry live weight significantly increased by 6.2% by 5.9% in comparison with the control.

On the 77th day of the experiment, in the second group there was a tendency to an increase in the live weight of poultry by 3.0%, and in the third and fourth groups, this indicator increased significantly by 5.2% and 5.0%.

Based on the data given above, the gross increase in live weight of geese was calculated (Table 2).

The data obtained show that the gross gain in live weight of goslings in the first 30 days of the experiment in all groups of the experiment exceeded the control indicator by 0.2; 6.6 and 6.3%.

The same pattern can be traced in the second half of the experiment, since the indicators of the experimental groups exceed the control value by 4.5; 3.2 and 6.4%.

Over the entire period of experience, the experimental groups exceeded the control by 3.1; 5.4 and 5.1% according to the groups.

Table 3 presents data on average daily poultry gains.

In the first 30 days, the average daily gain in the experimental groups exceeded the control by 3.1; 6.5 and 6.3%. In the second period of the experiment, this indicator was 3.0 higher than the control; 4.7 and 4.4%. For the entire period of the research, the average daily growth rate exceeded the control by 2.9; 5.3 and 5.0%. During the experiment, the safety in all groups was 100%, which indicates that research was carried out on a healthy livestock and a good zootechnical background.

Table 4 presents data on feed consumption per 1 kg of live weight gain.

The analysis of the data indicates that the birds of the experimental groups that received the feed additive consumed less feed by 2.3, 4.8 and 4.0%, respectively, in comparison with the control.

It should be noted that feed costs per 1 kg of live weight gain in the second group decreased by 5.4%, in the third - by 9.7% and in the fourth - by 8.9%.

At the end of the experiment, a control slaughter of birds (3 females and 3 males from each group) was carried out in order to study the zootechnical parameters and morphological composition of carcasses (Table 5).

From the data obtained, it follows that the pre-slaughter weight of the poultry significantly exceeded the control in all groups of the experiment by 3.0; 5.2 and 5.0%, respectively.

The weight of the gutted carcass was also significantly higher than the control in all experimental groups by 7.3; 13.0 and 10.0% according to the groups.

The slaughter yield of carcasses in the second, third and fourth groups was higher than the control by 2.5, 4.4 and 2.8%, respectively.

The mass of meat significantly increased in all groups of the experiment by 7.5; 14.3 and 11.1% according to the sequence of the groups. The percentage of meat yield relative to gutted carcasses, according to the experimental groups, was 4.1 higher than the control; 0.6 and 0.5%.

In the process of control slaughter, the development of the internal organs of poultry was studied (Table 6). The mass of the internal organs of the entire experimental bird was within the physiological norm characteristic of the given bird species and its age. Physiological deviations in the development of organs have not been established.

It should be noted a tendency towards a decrease in intestinal mass in the second group of the experiment by 3.6%, in the third - by 3.1%. In the fourth group of experience, this indicator significantly decreased relative to the control by 6.6%.

By the mass of the muscular stomach, the dynamics of increase in the second and third groups of the experiment by 5.6 and 3.9% is visible, and in the fourth this indicator significantly exceeded the control by 7.5%.

The length of the intestine decreased insignificantly in all groups of the experiment by 4.1; 6.2 and 6.9% according to the groups. At the same time, the dynamics of a decrease in the length of the blind processes in the second and fourth groups of the experiment is visible - by 4.3 and 2.3% relative to the control. In the third group, the length of the caecous processes of the intestine significantly decreased by 6.5%.

Table 7 shows the economic efficiency of rearing geese using the studied feed additives.

When CED was used in various dosages in feeding geese, the cost of gross production increased in the experimental groups by 3.1; 5.4 and 5.2%.

The cost of consumed feed decreased in the groups of experience by 2.3; 4.6 and 3.8% relative to the control according to the groups.

Production costs were also reduced by introducing HED into the diets of geese by 3.2; 4.4 and 5.3% relative to the control value.

Additional profit was obtained in the second group of 29.93 rubles, in the third - 54.02 rubles. and in the fourth - 50.28 rubles.

The level of profitability increased in the experimental groups relative to the control level by 1.6; 2.8 and 2.5%, which indicates the economic feasibility of using CED in the diets of geese, especially at a dosage of 4 ml per head.

According to the results of a scientific experiment, it was found that the most effective dosage of CED for the productivity of Linda meat geese is 4 ml of CED per head, while the live weight of the bird, gross and average daily gains, decreases feed costs per 1 kg of live weight gain, increases lethal output, as well as the level of production profitability.

Information sources:

1. Kononenko S., Osepchuk D., Pyshmantseva N., Bolobolov A., Savosko V. Features of breeding geese // Compound feed. - 2011. - No. 3. - S. 77-78].

2. Konchakova E.A., Kuznetsov A.S. New sources of energy - dry fats // Effective feeds of the year. - 2008. - No. 4 (28). - S. 28.

3. Skvortsova L.N., Svistunov A.A., Nigoev O.A. Influence of fat additives on anatomical parameters of broiler chickens // Poultry and poultry products. - 2012. - No. 2. - S. 39-40.

4. Shevchenko N.I., Kel E.A. The productivity of cows when using soy and propylene glycol // Bulletin of the Altai State Agrarian University. - 2012. - No. 5 (91). - S. 64-67.

5. Kundyshev, P.P. Feeding high-yielding cows / Tsenovik. - 2010. - No. 7.

6. Podkuvka V. Glycerin from rapeseed - sweet feed // Proposition. - 2005. - No. 08-09. - S. 36.

7. Karpov V. Effectiveness of complex application of feed additives of natural origin in cattle breeding / Dairy and meat cattle breeding. - 2009. No. 4. S. 15-17.

8. Henning A. Mineral substances, vitamins, biostimulants in feeding farm animals / M .: Kolos. - 1986.S. 118-127.

9. Yagodin V.I., Vyrodov V.A. Technology of biologically active substances from woody greenery. SPb .: LTA, 1999, 80 p.

10. Ryzhov V.A., Ryzhova E.S., Korotkiy V.P., Zenkin A.S., Marisov S.S. Development and industrial application of domestic phytobiotics / Scientific and methodological electronic journal Concept. 2015.Vol. 13.P. 3236-3240.

11.TU 9759-011-42400357-13. Coniferous energy additive. Technical conditions. N. Novgorod, 2013, 9 p.

12. Technological regulations for the production of coniferous energy additives. N. Novgorod, 2013, 11 p.

Claims (1)

A method of increasing the productivity of geese of meat breeds, characterized by the fact that the geese from the day-old age to 77 days of rearing are injected into the main diet with a coniferous energy additive in the amount of 4 ml per head.