RU2740416C1 - Astronauts landing and evacuation unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: space equipment.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of space equipment, and more specifically to the astronauts landing and evacuation unit (ALEU) device. ALEU includes metal structure of tower, elevators, landing cabin with hall, protective shield, rotary cabin, stationary cover and gallery of evacuation. Rotary cabin with drive is arranged at tower corner nearest to ship. Gallery of evacuation is connected directly to metal structures of tower.EFFECT: reduced overall dimensions.1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of safety and emergency devices for spacecraft used in the preparation of spacecraft (SC) for launch at the launch site of the cosmodrome and can be used as a landing and evacuation unit for astronauts (APEC).

Known ground unit for landing and evacuation of astronauts (see patent RU 2641576), containing a tower, a lifting device, an evacuation gallery, power supports, a protective structure, a crew landing cabin, a rotary cabin, a stationary cover with rotary sections and a hydraulic drive. Moreover, the evacuation gallery is functionally connected to the rotary cabin. Evacuation is carried out with a swivel cabin with an evacuation gallery connected to the head of the spacecraft. The entrance to the evacuation gallery is located in close proximity to the head of the spacecraft.

Disadvantages of the design are:

- dimensions and weight of the rotary cabin;

- decrease in the positioning accuracy of the rotary cabin due to the effect of wind loads on the large-size moving parts of the rotary cabin;

- reduction of the specified safety level during evacuation from the landing cabin, because to get into the evacuation gallery, the crew and maintenance personnel must move to the epicenter of the emergency;

- creation of a torque when approaching / withdrawing the rotary car to / from the spacecraft, which the tower must perceive.

A positive result that can be achieved when using the proposed technical solution is expressed in a decrease in dimensions and weight and an increase in the positioning accuracy of the rotary car due to its placement at the corner of the tower closest to the spacecraft, ensuring a given level of safety during evacuation from any zone when the crew moves from elevators to KK due to the connection of the evacuation gallery directly to the metal structure of the tower and elimination of the torque during the approach / retraction of the rotary car due to the fact that the rotary car rises up.

APEC (Fig. 1, 2) consists of a metal structure of the tower (1), containing elevators (2), a landing car (3) with a hall (4), pre-cleaning zones (5) and a cleanliness zone (6), a protective visor (12 ) protecting the stationary cover (10) in the raised position from the gas-dynamic effect during the takeoff of the spacecraft, the rotary cabin (7) fixed to the metal structure of the tower (1), the hydraulic drive (8), the stopper (9), the stationary cover (10) with sliding sections, which fixed on a rotary cabin (7), an evacuation gallery (11) attached to the metal structure of the tower (1).

In the initial position, the swivel car (7) is retracted upwards and fixed with a stopper (9), the elevators are at the lower level. After installing the KK to the starting position, the rotary cabin (7) is unlocked by the stopper (9) and is lowered using a hydraulic drive (8), the movable sections of the stationary cover (10) cover the head of the KK. The arriving crew with the attendants rises using the elevators (2) to the level of the boarding car (3). Through the hall (4), the pre-cleaning zones (5) and the cleanliness zone (6), the crew goes to the spacecraft.

In a normal situation, the crew sits in the spacecraft, the sliding sections of the stationary cover (10) open, the rotary cabin (7) rises and is fixed with a stopper (9).

In an emergency, the crew and personnel in any area between the elevator and the spacecraft are evacuated through the evacuation gallery (Fig. 2), located far from the epicenter of the emergency.

Claims (1)

A landing and evacuation unit for astronauts, containing the tower metal structure, elevators, a landing cabin with a hall, pre-cleaning zones and a cleanliness zone, a protective visor, a rotary cabin fixed to the tower metal structure, a stationary cover, an evacuation gallery, characterized in that the rotary cabin with a drive is located at the corner of the tower closest to the spacecraft, the swivel cabin rises upward, and the evacuation gallery is attached directly to the tower's metal structure.

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