RU2738895C1 - Reclamation method of disturbed lands - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to reclamation of lands and can be used for reclamation, for example, of sand pits. Method is implemented by upsetting perennial grassy vegetation on the area of mined pit. On the area of the developed sand pit there selected is a site for planting grassy vegetation, which is uniformly planted in a staggered order on the selected section. Herbaceous vegetation is planted with a closed root system in the form of a briquette with peat. Herbaceous vegetation is represented by reed grass, bush grass, Calamagrostis arundinacea, timothy grass, meadow foxtail, cocksfoot, white clover, mountain clover, red clover.

EFFECT: method provides faster reclamation.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to land reclamation and can be used for reclamation, for example, sand pits.

In the process of mining, significant areas of land are withdrawn for quarries. In the northern and middle subzones of the taiga of Western Siberia, dry land pits of shallow depth dominate in the practice of sand extraction due to the close location of groundwater.

After the completion of sand extraction, the mined quarries represent disturbed lands that need to be reclaimed.

The known method of forest reclamation of sand pits. The method introduces a compost mixture obtained with a ratio of components: sewage sludge and sawdust by dry matter weight 1.4: 1, composting period up to 2 years, compost shelf life no more than 3 years. After the completion of the thermophilic stage of composting, the seeds of green manure plants, mainly perennial lupine, are introduced into the reclaimed area immediately before composting. The application rate is 1 kg of seeds per 1 m ^{3 of} compost. Compost is applied and covered with soil-forming implements at a dose of 60-120 t / ha on the reclaimed soil surface, followed by the cultivation of Scots pine forest cultures on it. The method helps to accelerate the process of soil formation by increasing the area of the projective cover, increasing the productivity of forest crops, earlier closure of pine in rows and between rows and the performance of environmental protection functions by plantations (RU 2690242, publ. 05/31/2019).

The usual method of reclamation is backfilling a worked-out open pit with a layer of peat, followed by disking and mixing it with the top layer of sand, and then planting forest crops or sowing perennial grasses (GOST 17.5.3.05-84 Nature Conservation. Land reclamation. General requirements for land management) - prototype.

The disadvantage of this method is that in order to carry out reclamation, it is necessary to arrange a new quarry for the extraction of peat, to produce it, to transfer the peat to the place of reclamation of the quarry, to perform its liming and uniform placement on the surface of the quarry, followed by disking. In addition, the peat quarry also needs reclamation after completion of the work. Of particular note is the need to build a road to transport peat from its mining quarry to the location of the sand quarry. Thus, reclamation of lands disturbed in the process of sand extraction is associated with significant labor and financial costs.

Leaving depleted sand pits for natural reclamation (overgrowth) does not give a positive effect for many years, since the sand is easily moved by the wind and damages seedlings and undergrowth of tree species during its movement. As a result, the latter are either swept by sand or perish.

Of particular note is the fact that as a result of wind erosion, sand from a mined-out pit moves to the adjacent territories, worsening the ecological situation.

The technical objective of the claimed invention is to accelerate the reclamation.

Studies show that the process of overgrowing of mined quarries with woody vegetation is sharply accelerated when perennial herbaceous vegetation appears. The latter, in the northern and middle subzones of the taiga of Western Siberia, does not form sods that prevent the emergence of seedlings and the accumulation of undergrowth of woody plants, while preventing the movement of sand. At the same time, the formation of herbaceous vegetation in mined-out quarries is problematic due to the low fertility of the sandy soil, the movement of seeds by the wind to the outskirts of the quarry and the filling of seedlings with sand.

FIG. 1 - Samples of forest reed grass grown with closed root system in the form of briquettes with peat.

FIG. 2 - Planting scheme 1.5 x 1.0 m with staggered arrangement of plants in rows (Fig. 2).

FIG. 3 - A sample of a planted clover grown with a closed root system.

FIG. 4 - Reed reed, grown with a closed root system and planted in a reclaimed dry land quarry.

The method is implemented as follows. On the area of the quarry, a site is first selected for planting herbaceous vegetation, then herbaceous plants grown in a forest selection center or in greenhouses with ZKS are planted on the site evenly using a planting pipe. Herbaceous vegetation can be planted in a checkerboard pattern (Fig. 2). A briquette with peat is used as a closed root system (Fig. 1).

When planting perennial grasses with ZKS, there is no need for the delivery of peat, its deoxidation and mixing with the top layer of sand. If there are seedlings around the quarry, there is no need to create forest crops, since after the sand is fixed, the process of natural formation by woody vegetation is accelerated many times over.

The presence of a briquette with peat in the planted herbaceous plants provides a high survival rate and the fixation of perennial grasses on the surface of the quarry. Due to the growth of roots and seed renewal of herbaceous plants, the sand is fixed and its wind erosion stops.

Comparison of the proposed technical solution with the prototype shows that it differs in the following features:

- on the area of the quarry, a site is selected for planting herbaceous vegetation;

- herbaceous vegetation is evenly planted in the selected area;

- herbaceous vegetation is used with a closed root system;

- planting of perennial herbaceous vegetation is carried out in a checkerboard pattern;

- a briquette with peat is used as a closed root system.

When conducting patent information research, the claimed set of features was not identified, therefore the claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "inventive step".

Cereal species were also used as amelioration plants grown with ZKS: reed reed (Calamagrostis arundinacea (L.) Roth.), Reed reed (C. phragmitoides C. Hartm.), Ground reed (C. epigeios (L.) Roth .subsp.epigeios), meadow timothy (Phleum pratense L.), meadow foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis L.), hedgehog (Dactylis glomerata L.), etc., as well as legumes Amoria (white-headed clover) creeping (Amoria repens ( L.) C. Presl.), Mountain amoria (A. montana (L.) Sojak), meadow clover (Trifolium pratense L.), etc.

The method can be used for reclamation of other types of disturbed lands.

Thus, the proposed method allows you to speed up the reclamation process, as well as reduce labor costs.

Claims (1)

A method of reclamation of disturbed lands by planting perennial herbaceous vegetation in the area of a worked-out quarry, characterized in that on the area of a worked-out sandy quarry, a site is selected for planting herbaceous vegetation, which is evenly planted in a checkerboard pattern on the selected area, and the herbaceous vegetation is planted with a closed root system in the form briquette with peat, reed reed, ground reed, reed reed, meadow timothy, meadow foxtail, hedgehog, creeping amoria, mountain amoria, meadow clover are used as herbaceous vegetation.

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