RU2737386C1 - Method of actualizing altitude parameters in local area of cartographic information - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: surveying.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of geodesy and in particular to methods for updating low-precision models of the relief of the earth's surface, can be used when creating and updating digital maps of terrain using topographic plates, topographic maps, terrain maps, special (navigation) maps, graphic documents and other similar materials as initial material. In the method of actualizing altitude parameters in a local area of cartographic information, which consists in refining low-precision points heights, in which high-precision measurements are not carried out by using additional sources of measurements from points, where measurements of high-precision altitude parameters - satellite measurements; new tacheometric (theodolite) surveys and / or geometric (trigonometric) leveling strokes; catalogs of closely spaced points of state geodetic (leveling) network; high-precision cartographic information and / or scale map, but smaller than the initial cartographic base, which includes accounting for correlation radius dynamics in local area of cartographic information depending on change in relief structure; in selection of maximum distances between arbitrary points with values of altitude parameters and points with excessive geodetic information on height from known coordinates of low-precision map information corresponding to allowable correlation radius; in formation of difference discrepancies between values of altitude parameters obtained from low-precision map information and additional sources of geodetic information and their errors.

EFFECT: object of the invention is actualisation of earth surface relief patterns by reducing altitude parameters errors in local areas of cartographic information obtained with large errors, by specifying low-precision points heights, in which high-precision measurements of heights are not made, from points with altitude parameters, in which there is additional (excessive) geodetic information on height.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of geodesy and in particular to methods of refining low-precision models of the earth's surface relief, can be used to create and update digital maps of the area using topographic tablets, topographic maps, photographic maps of the area, special (navigation) maps, graphic documents as a source material and other similar materials (hereinafter - Cartographic information).

Cartographic information, depending on the scale, is used to solve practical problems in the design and construction of military facilities, to ensure combat training of troops, to plan and conduct military operations of troops, as well as to solve other tasks in the interests of the country's defense [1, p. 5-7].

Cartographic information must meet the requirements for ensuring the determination of rectangular and geographical coordinates, absolute and relative heights of points of the terrain, qualitative and quantitative characteristics of terrain objects, as well as the production of other cartometric works, with an accuracy corresponding to the scale.

When creating and updating cartographic information, the following materials are usually used:

catalogs (lists) of coordinates and heights of geodetic points and points of the survey network;

materials of air, ground photography and space photography;

publishing originals, their duplicates or microfiches, production prints of maps and plans;

special maps and plans of departmental organizations, and other cartographic materials (duty cards, etc.);

materials on which the updated map was created (aerial photographs with points of field preparation and data of photogrammetric concentration of control points, negatives, photo standards or samples of interpretation, etc.), as well as forms of updated map sheets;

literature reference materials (descriptions of the area, reference books of administrative-territorial division, dictionaries-reference books of geographical names, schemes and profiles of railways and highways, oil and gas pipelines, communication lines and power transmission lines, etc.).

The points of the state leveling network, points of the state geodetic network and geodetic networks of concentration, the heights of which are determined by geometric or trigonometric leveling, as well as points of the high-altitude survey network, the heights of which are reduced to the accepted initial level (relative heights), serve as the reference geodetic basis of cartographic information in terms of altitude.

The main disadvantage of the methods for creating a planned-high-altitude basis for the formation of cartographic information is that when using mathematical methods for adjusting an array of control points, a total root-mean-square error (RMS) is formed for both the horizontal coordinates and the altitude basis of cartographic information. There is a need to reduce the RMS of height parameters in the local area of cartographic information obtained with large errors. There are known methods that allow updating local areas of cartographic information, including reducing the planning base in separate points of the SKP.

There is a known method of updating the map of the surveyed earth's surface (OZP) (RU # 2246697, 2005), which includes computer refinement of an outdated map using modern images, characterized in that they shoot OZP on a scale close to the scale of an obsolete map, scan an outdated map and a snapshot OZP, display them on the computer screen in two separate displays - an outdated map in the form of an opaque base, a snapshot in the form of a translucent movable, stretched over fragments and scaled in the plane of the computer screen overlay on this opaque base, visually combine them and fix relative to each other along recognizable points, then remove objects from the opaque base that are absent in the translucent overlay, add new objects fixed by the survey to it, adjust the size and configuration of common objects on it to their size and configuration on the translucent overlay, after which the graphic image obtained on the screen is fixed in memory to computer as a display of the modern OZP and print it on a plotter and / or on a photoplotter as an updated map of the OZP in the required form and scale.

The known method is intended to clarify and update the semantic content of the cartographic material of individual areas of the territory by using space images. The disadvantage of this method is that it does not perform local updating of the planned-high-altitude basis of the cartographic material.

There is a known method for surveying and / or updating territory maps (RU No. 2249179, 2005), including determining the location of objects in this territory using radio signals from artificial earth satellites (AES) recorded by receivers installed, using outdated materials of the surveyed territory, which is different that the surveyed territory is divided according to geophysical and economic characteristics into local areas, in the center of which, in a place free from interference with satellite radio signals with known coordinates, a stationary base radio signal receiver (BPRS) with an artificial satellite and the necessary engineering and technical means are mounted at the turning points of the boundaries of the coordinated areal objects, one or two mobile radio signal receivers (MPRS) with satellites are installed, radio signals from the satellite are simultaneously recorded by the MPRS and MPRS, according to the parameters of the registered radio signals and the known coordinates of the MPRS, the coordinates of the turning points are calculated in the information processing center (COI) coordinates of the coordinated areal objects, scan the updated cartographic material of the surveyed territory, enter the resulting display into the computer, use the coordinates of the turning points calculated by the COI to specify the location and boundaries of the coordinated areal objects in the display on the computer screen, create an updated digital cartographic base of the surveyed territory from the received materials, use it in geographic information systems for various purposes, print out from it on a plotter and / or on a photoplotter the required types of maps of the required territory, establish boundaries and boundary marks with its help.

The known method is intended to update the partial (local) correction of the planning and cartographic material of individual areas of the territory in 1-3 years without the installation of global geodetic satellite systems, and also in many cases without the use of space and / or aerial photography of the surveyed area. The disadvantage of this method is that the actualization of the altitude base in local areas of the cartographic material is not considered.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed invention is a method for clarifying the navigation of old magnetic surveys performed with large coordination errors (RU # 2676390, 2018), containing a map of the graphs of the observed magnetic field module in coordinates, a digital model of the map in a rectangular network of points and its SKP, characterized in that, according to the specified linking profiles, modern high-precision magnetic surveying is performed in old coordinates with high-precision satellite navigation, they look for the position of the values of the modern survey on the map using a correlation method, find the intersection point of the modern route with old routes, and attribute to the intersection point of old routes with new ones coordinates obtained by parallel translation in the new coordinate system of the entire old route and / or its part located between two modern routes, so that the found point of maximum correlation of the field of the old one specifies the coordinates of all old routes, builds a new digital model of the old map correlated by coordinates and calculate its SKP by the intersections of the new map with real measurements, the difference between this old and new errors is an estimate of the reliability of the field linking by the new coordinates.

The known method is intended to refine the low-precision coordinates of the measurement points on old profiles using modern high-precision magnetic surveys with high-precision satellite navigation.

The disadvantages of this method are that the actualization of the altitude base in local areas of cartographic material is not considered based on the results of modern high-precision geodetic surveys with high accuracy of satellite navigation, and measurements obtained with high accuracy from other sources of information, and the dynamics of changes in the correlation radius, are not taken into account. corresponding to the change in the relief structure in the local area of cartographic information.

The purpose of the invention is to update low-precision models of the earth's surface relief by specifying altitude parameters at arbitrary points of the local area of cartographic information, in which high-precision measurements of heights were not carried out, from points with altitude parameters, in which there is additional (redundant) high-precision geodetic information about the height.

The required technical result is achieved by the fact that with the method of updating the altitude parameters in the local area of cartographic information, which consists in specifying low-precision heights of points in local areas of cartographic information, in which high-precision measurements were not carried out due to the involvement of additional sources of measurements from the points where measurements of altitude parameters were carried out in the local area - new tacheometric (theodolite) surveys and / or geometric (trigonometric) leveling moves, satellite measurements, nearby points of the state geodetic (leveling) network and / or high-precision cartographic information or scale maps larger, but smaller than the existing ones (further - Additional sources of geodetic information), which consists in taking into account the dynamics of the correlation radius in the local area of cartographic information, depending on the relief structure, in choosing the maximum distances between points with measured and / and whether not measured values of altitude parameters according to known coordinates obtained from cartographic information, in establishing difference residuals between the values of altitude parameters and their errors obtained from cartographic information and additional sources of geodetic information.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by a structural diagram, where in FIG. 1 shows:

1 - block of an array of points with heights and rectangular coordinates obtained from low-precision cartographic information;

2 - block of an array of points with heights obtained by the satellite method;

3 - a block of an array of points with heights obtained from nearby points of the state geodetic (leveling) network;

4 - a block of an array of points with heights obtained from new tacheometric surveys, theodolite moves, leveling surveys;

5 - block of an array of points with heights obtained from high-precision cartographic information and / or maps with a scale larger but smaller than the original low-precision cartographic information;

6 - block for calculating the maximum distances between a set of arbitrary points and points with excessive altitude parameters according to the known coordinates of low-precision cartographic information;

7 - block for recording expressions that establish differential residuals between the values of altitude parameters and their errors, obtained from cartographic information and additional sources of information;

8 - data matching unit between the maximum distances of the array of all selected points from blocks 6, 9, taking into account the dynamics of changes in the height correlation radii for the local area of cartographic information;

9 - block for selecting the height correlation radius for the local area of cartographic information, taking into account the analysis of the dynamics of changes in the relief structure;

10 - block for updating altitude parameters in the local area of cartographic information;

11 - block for outputting altitude parameters in the local area of cartographic information.

The invention works as follows:

choose a perimeter (local area) on low-precision cartographic information, the area of which depends on the range of special tasks to be solved;

within the boundaries of the selected perimeter, high-precision measurements of heights are performed, represented by blocks 2-5: an array of points of altitude parameters h _k and the root-mean-square error (RMS) of height measurements σ _hk with coordinates x _k y _k obtained by the satellite method is formed - block 2; an array of points of altitude parameters h _n and RMS height measurements σ _hn with coordinates x _n y _n obtained from the catalogs of closely located points of the state geodetic and / or leveling network - block 3; an array of points of height parameters h _m and RMS height measurements σ _hm with coordinates x _m y _m obtained by the polygonometric method and / or geometric and / or trigonometric leveling using geodetic instruments: tacheometers, theodolites and / or levels - block 4; an array of points of altitude parameters h _j and RMS height measurements σ _hj with rectangular coordinates x _j y _j obtained from high-precision cartographic information and / or from scale maps larger, but smaller than the refined cartographic base - block 5; the first outputs of blocks 2-5 with information about high-precision altitude parameters and their SKP are inputs to block 7, and the second outputs of blocks 2-5 with information about rectangular coordinates of points with additional geodetic parameters about height are inputs to block 1;

define an array of points based on low-precision cartographic information - rectangular coordinates X _Hi Y _Hi equal to rectangular coordinates of additional sources of geodetic information x _k y _k , x _n y _n , x _m y _m , x _j y _j and the corresponding heights and RMS H _i , σ _Hi , and also choose arbitrary points with heights and RMS H ', σ _H' , in which it is necessary to reduce RMS of cartographic information due to additional sources of geodetic information, provided that σ _Hi = σ _{H '} , determine their coordinates X _H' Y _{H '} - block 1; the first output of block 1 with the values of altitude parameters and their RMS at arbitrary points is the first input to block 10, the second output of block 1 with the values of rectangular coordinates of arbitrary points and points with redundant altitude parameters are inputs to block 6, the third output of block 1 with the values of altitude parameters and their SKP, determined by low-precision cartographic information, is the input to block 7;

calculate the distances S _{hih '} , S _hiH' according to known coordinates between arbitrary points X _{H '} Y _H' and points with redundant geodetic information X _hi Y _hi using low-precision cartographic information - block 6; the output of block 6 is the first input of block 8;

registration of altitude parameters H _i , h _k , h _n , h _m , h _j and their RMS σ _Hi , σ _hk , σ _hn , σ _hm , σ _hj under the condition of the normal distribution law of the random variable and zero mathematical expectation М [х] = 0, obtained from low-precision cartographic information and additional sources of geodetic information, and also record expressions that establish difference residuals between measurement values from low-precision cartographic information and additional sources of geodetic information and their errors at points with redundant geodetic information about the height X _hi Y _hi - block 7; the output of block 7 is the second input to block 10;

carry out a comparison between the permissible correlation radius r _add. and the maximum distances S _{h '} , S _Hi , of the selected points according to low-precision cartographic information, if the distance is greater than the value of the correlation radius, then the points with altitude information are excluded from the measurement processing - block 8; the output of block 8 is the third input of block 10;

make the choice of the admissible correlation radius r _add. according to the results of the analysis of changes in the relief structure in the local area of cartographic information, corresponding to the values: for high-mountainous regions r _add. = 2000 meters, for mid-mountainous areas r _add. = 6000 meters, for flat areas r _add. = 8000 meters [5, p. 126] - block 9; the first output of block 9 is the second input to block 8, the second output of block 9 is the fourth input to block 10;

carry out the calculation of the new value of the altitude parameters from the information received from blocks 1, 7-9 at arbitrary points of the local area of cartographic information according to the algorithm [6, p. 136-138] - block 10.

Start

1. Introduce the correlation function for heights as a measure of the statistical relationship between the errors of the cartographic parameters. The relationship of correlation functions depends on the distance between the selected points and has the form [7, p. 68-69]:

- дисперсия ошибок картографических данных;Where

- variance of cartographic data errors;

2. The vector of errors Z of the height parameters is constructed at points with low-precision cartographic information.

3. Form an a priori covariance matrix of errors P of the array of points of altitude parameters, determined by cartographic information, taking into account the correlation functions k (r _add ).

4. According to information from block 7, a matrix of discrepancies (residuals) E is formed.

5. Form the observation matrix M.

6. Form the covariance matrix of errors of additional sources of information for the array of points of height parameters R.

7. Form the gain K for finding estimates of altitude parameters at each determined point.

8. Calculate estimates of altitude parameters H * at arbitrary points of the local area of cartographic information.

9. The a posteriori error matrix P * of cartographic information is calculated, as well as the new value of the RMS σ * for the updated height H * of the cartographic information.

the end

the output of block 10 is the input to block 11;

carry out the conclusion and change of the RMS σ * of the updated altitude parameters H * in the local area of cartographic information - block 11.

Thus, in the proposed new method, in addition to those listed in the closest analogue, the following additional actions are used:

1. Not only the satellite measurement method is involved, but also other sources of geodetic information - catalogs of nearby points of the state geodetic (leveling) network; altitude parameters of new tacheometric and / or theodolite surveys and / or leveling moves; altitude parameters at points obtained from high-precision cartographic information and / or maps with a scale larger, but smaller than the original low-precision cartographic base.

2. Analyze and take into account the dynamics of the correlation radius in the local area of cartographic information, depending on changes in the relief structure when choosing the maximum distances between arbitrary points and points with redundant geodetic information about the height by known coordinates obtained from low-precision cartographic information.

3. Differential residuals are generated between the values of altitude parameters and their errors at points with redundant geodetic information about the altitude.

4. Reduce the RMS of altitude parameters at points of local areas of low-precision cartographic information, in which high-precision measurements of heights were not carried out, from points with altitude parameters, in which there is redundant high-precision geodetic information about the height.

Comparative analysis of the essential features of the existing methods of updating (clarifying) local areas of cartographic information and the present method shows that the proposed method, based on the use of additional operations associated with the analysis and consideration of the dynamics of the correlation radius in the local area of cartographic information and the formation of discrepancies between the values of relative heights and their errors differ in that due to the processing of redundant information, a more accurate determination of altitude parameters is provided at points of the local area of cartographic information, in which high-precision measurements of heights were not carried out.

Thus, the technical result of the invention is achieved - updating the models of the earth's surface relief by reducing the RMS of altitude parameters in local areas of cartographic information obtained with large errors, in which high-precision measurements of heights were not carried out, from points with altitude parameters, in which there is redundant high-precision geodetic information about the height.

Sources of information:

1. GKINP 05-029-84 Basic provisions for the creation and updating of topographic maps of scales 1: 10000, 1: 25000, 1: 50000, 1: 100000, 1: 200000, 1: 500000, 1: 1000000. M: GUGK, VTU GSh, 1984.29 p.

2. Vaschenko Yu.E., Rusinov PS, Lomakin S.V. Patent RU No. 2246697 C1, IPC G01C 11/10 "Method for updating the map of the surveyed earth surface". Publ. 02/20/2005. Bul. No. 5.

3. Vaschenko Yu.E., Rusinov PS, Filimonov V.V. Patent RU No. 2249179 C1, IPC G01C 11/10 "Method for surveying and / or updating territory maps." Publ. March 27, 2005. Bul. No. 9.

4. Palamarchuk V.K., Glinskaya N.V., Mishchenko O.N., Burdakova E.V., Petrov V.V. Patent RU No. 2676390 C2, IPC G01V 3/38 "Method for clarifying the navigation of old magnetic surveys". Publ. 28.12.2018. Bul. # 1.

5. Avgustov L.I., Babichenko A.V., Orekhov M.I., Sukhorukoe M.I., Shkred V.K. Aircraft navigation in near-earth space. Edited by G.I.Dzhanzhgava M .: OOO "Nauchtekhlitizdat", 2015. - 421 p.

6. Lupanchuk V.Yu. Development of methods of navigation cartography to control the positioning of robotic systems in space. // Bulletin of the Moscow Aviation Institute. M .: MAI, 2018. T. 25 No. 1. - from. 132-142.

7. Beloglazov I.N., Dzhanzhgava G.I., Chigip G.P. Basics of navigating geophysical fields. - Moscow: Nauka, 1985 .-- 328 p.

Claims (1)

The method of updating the altitude parameters in the local area of cartographic information, which consists in the fact that they form an array of points with the values of low-precision altitude parameters and the corresponding rectangular coordinates in the local area of cartographic information, form arrays of points with the values of high-precision altitude parameters obtained in the same local area by satellite method, from catalogs of closely located points of the state geodetic and / or leveling networks, when conducting new tacheometric and / or theodolite surveys of the terrain and / or leveling moves, using high-precision maps and / or scale maps larger but smaller than the original cartographic base and the corresponding them the values of rectangular coordinates, which are equal to the values of rectangular coordinates of cartographic information of low-precision altitude parameters, characterized in that they take into account the dynamics of the correlation radius of heights in the local area of low-precision cartographic information, depending on the change in the relief structure when choosing the maximum distances between arbitrary points and points with redundant geodetic information about the height according to the known coordinates of low-precision cartographic information for the formation of correlations between altitude parameters, they form difference residuals between the values of altitude parameters and their errors at points with redundant geodetic information on altitude, reduce the root-mean-square error of low-precision altitude parameters at arbitrary points of local areas of cartographic information, in which additional measurements of heights were not carried out, from points in which there is redundant high-precision geodetic information about altitude.

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