RU2246697C1 - Method for actualization of map of examined earth surface area - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: cartography.

SUBSTANCE: method includes computerized correction of obsolete map on basis of modern images. Examined surface is filmed in scale, close to scale of obsolete map. Obsolete map is scanned as well as new image. These are outputted to computer screen in form of two separate images, obsolete map - as solid bas, and image - as transparent, moveable with variable dimensions and scale, layer above this solid base. Visually these are combined and fixed relatively to one another at recognizable points. Then objects, absent in transparent layer, are removed from solid base. New objects, noted by filming, are added. Dimensions and configuration of common objects are corrected and configuration of them in transparent layer. Geographical image received on display is fixed in memory as modern map and is printed using graph builder and/or photo-plotter as actualized map of area in required view and scale.

EFFECT: higher quality and precision, lower costs.

1 cl

Description

The invention relates to the field of cartography.

Cartographic material is the primary basis for the maintenance of land, water, forest cadastres, as well as real estate cadastre. Any cartographic material becomes obsolete over time, that is, it has a certain degree of age differentiation, and requires periodic adjustment, that is, updates and clarifications.

A known method of mapping the territory of the surveyed Earth surface (OZP), including first creating several single-scale thematic maps of the same section of the OZP, and then creating a summary map of this OZP by superimposing the obtained thematic maps on top of each other, in which mutually oriented sets of object contours are combined, existing on previously created thematic maps (RF Patent No. 2036516, 1992, G 01 С 11/00, G 09 В 29/00).

The disadvantages of this method are the great complexity, long time, high material costs for creating such a total (combined) card, poor quality and accuracy of the cards created in this way.

A known method of updating OZP maps (RF Patent No. 2037777), including the use of topographic maps, photocards, photoplans as source material, preparing an image of cartographic material in the form of a raster copy divided by content layers, identifying discrete, linear and areal OZP objects by content elements with the registration of the corresponding semantic information, the removal of metric information about the specified objects, the processing of the received information and entering the received information about each m object in the corresponding class of this object - a memory segment.

The disadvantage of this method is the low efficiency of updating the maps of the OZP and the lack of accuracy and reliability of updating maps.

A known method of updating cartographic materials (RF Patent No. 2165596, 1999, G 01 C 11/10 - prototype), based on a combination of an obsolete map and a space image of the OZP at reference points.

The disadvantages of this method are the high cost and complexity, insufficient coordination and refinement of the shape and size of objects in different-sized compared cartographic materials, as well as the presence on the monitor simultaneously of two adjacent (but not combined) images, which complicates the technology of vectorization (reduces visibility) and distracts attention operator to alternately review the old and new images of the OZP.

The aim of the present invention is to eliminate the above disadvantages, that is, reducing time and material costs for updating maps, improving their quality and accuracy, displaying on the maps the spatial characteristics of the elements of objects (natural and artificial) that are on the OZP at the current time.

This goal is achieved by the fact that according to the proposed method, which includes computer refinement of an obsolete OZP map using modern OZP images, an updated (obsolete) OZP map is displayed on a computer screen as a fixed and opaque base, and new images of this OZP are scanned and displayed on a computer screen in the form translucent, movable, stretched over fragments and scaled in the plane of the computer screen, overlays on a fixed and opaque base (on an outdated map), visually combine them on on the computer screen, using common identifiable points (objects that do not have changes in boundaries and configurations), objects that are not in the new images are removed from the obsolete map, new objects recorded by the last survey (remote sensing) are added, and the magnitude of changes in the boundaries of the objects common for both images are determined in the appropriate units of measurement, enter them in the bank of characteristics of the OZP, fix in the computer memory the graphic image received on the screen as a display of the OZP and print it on the graph post the printer and / or on the photoplotter in the required form and scale as updated maps of the OZP.

In the proposed method, one of the compared OZP displays is displayed on the computer screen, for example, new OZP images (translucent overlay), as a standard for its future updated map, and another, that is, an outdated map (opaque basis), so that the outlines of their common objects ( buildings, roads, fields, forests, rivers, ponds, ravines, flooding, etc.) when shifted relative to each other, for example, more than 0.1 mm in map scale are highlighted on the computer screen in a different color and / or visually flickering image, for example, with h frequency of flicker 0.5-15.0 Hz.

In the proposed method for displaying an obsolete OZP map and new OZP images, they are displayed on a computer screen in different colors, for example, in blue and red, respectively.

In the proposed method, displays of an outdated OZP map and new OZP images displayed in different colors on a computer screen are examined through glasses whose glasses have corresponding different color filters, thereby creating a visual pseudo stereoscopic effect that facilitates their comparison.

In the proposed method, one or both of the compared OZP displays are displayed on the computer screen periodically disappearing and appearing, that is, visually flickering, for example, with a flicker frequency of 0.5-15.0 Hz.

In the proposed method, they scan and display on the computer screen in a positive form the display of negatives of the OZP images.

In the proposed method, the turning points of objects common to mapped outdated map displays and new OZP images are coordinated in a flat (two-dimensional) coordinate system, recorded in the computer memory and the resulting two-dimensional digital map is used in the geographic information system (GIS) as an updated electronic OZP map .

In the proposed method, the coordinates of the objects on the OZP and on its computer display are determined in a three-dimensional system by interpolating the position of the points of these objects relative to the available horizontal images and / or high-altitude pickets on the display of the obsolete OZP map, fix them in the computer memory, and the obtained three-dimensional digital map is used in geographic information system (GIS) as an updated electronic map of the OZP.

The set of essential features of the proposed method for updating the OZP maps exhibits new properties, namely, that the proposed technological methods significantly simplify, accelerate, cheapen, and improve the quality of updating obsolete OZP maps.

Thus, the proposed technical solution meets the criteria of "inventive step" and "novelty."

Updating obsolete OZP cards according to the proposed method is as follows.

OZP is taken (for example, aerial photography or aerial video shooting in the visible range of electromagnetic radiation) at a scale close to the scale of the existing (obsolete) OZP card, it is scanned and the picture (for a clearer display, they can scan the negative of the picture) and display them on the computer screen with two by separate (for example, positive) displays: an outdated map - in the form of an opaque base, a snapshot - in the form of a translucent, mobile, stretchable in fragments and scaled in the plane of the screen computer and overlays on this opaque base, visually align them and fix them relative to each other (make them motionless relative to each other) at identifiable points (for example, over several of the largest objects), then remove objects that are not in the translucent display from the opaque base, and add new objects fixed by shooting into it. The sizes and configuration of objects common to an opaque base (obsolete map) and a translucent overlay on it (a picture or aerial video frame) are specified for the sizes and configurations available on the translucent overlay. This is necessary because during their operation, existing facilities (buildings, roads, ponds, forest belts, forests, fields, settlements, etc.) were completed, modified, expanded, etc.

To facilitate the identification of the degree of change in the sizes and configurations of objects (to improve the visual identification of their differences), the display of an obsolete OZP map and an OZP image is displayed on the computer screen in different colors, for example, an obsolete map in blue and an aerial photograph in red.

One of the mappings compared on a computer screen, for example, an OZP image, is displayed on the computer screen for the same purpose as periodically disappearing and periodically appearing, for example, with a frequency of visual flicker of 0.5-15.0 Hz. For the same purpose, both compared positive displays (a picture and an outdated card) can alternately flicker alternately flickering with the above frequency on a computer screen. In the latter case, coinciding sections (elements) of the compared positive mappings will be visible unchanged (non-flickering), and not coinciding - flickering.

To facilitate the aforementioned refinement of the sizes and configurations of common objects (visual identification of their differences), the display of the OZP image is displayed on the computer screen as a standard of the future updated map, and the display of its obsolete map is displayed on the computer screen so that the contours of the main objects combined with the objects of the standard (for example, buildings, roads, fields, forests, ponds, etc.) when they are shifted relative to the standard, for example, more than 0.1 mm in the scale of the map were highlighted or highlighted on the screen by other colors relative to the color of the opaque base and the translucent overlay and / or visually flickering image, for example, with a flicker frequency of 0.5-15.0 Hz.

To facilitate the work when combining and refining the displayed on the computer screen in different colors (for example, one in red, the other in blue), the images of the obsolete OZP map and the OZP image create a visual pseudo-stereoscopic effect, for which the operator works with glasses whose glasses have the appropriate different color filters (for example, the red filter on the left eye, the blue filter on the right).

After performing the above operations, the combined graphic image obtained on the computer screen is recorded in the computer memory as a real OZP display and printed on the plotter and / or on the photoplotter as an updated (updated) OZP map in the required form and scale.

When combining and refining the depictions of the outdated map and the image on the computer screen, the turning points of common objects are coordinated in a flat (two-dimensional) coordinate system, then they are fixed in the computer's memory and the resulting two-dimensional digital map of the OZP is used in the geographic information system (GIS) and / or printed out as an updated map of the OZP.

If necessary, the coordinates of the common objects of the refined OZP map are determined in a three-dimensional coordinate system, for which the position of the points of these objects is interpolated relative to the available contour lines and / or high-altitude pickets on the display of the obsolete OZP map, the interpolated position of the points in the computer memory is recorded and the obtained three-dimensional digital map of the OZP in the geographic information system (GIS).

For a clearer display of the details of objects in the study area, they scan and display on the computer screen a negative image of the OZP image.

In the case of using separate frames of its video recording as a display of the territory under study, they are inserted into a computer using a video grabber.

Computers used for the proposed method for updating cards must have a sufficient amount of RAM and memory devices (for storing photo images and other input information) and high performance (speed).

Used basic computer programs should ensure the implementation of the whole range of applied technological operations of the proposed method. Specific computer programs for performing the above technological operations of combining and refining several mappings may be different. Depending on the general (basic) programs used and the capabilities of the computer, these specific programs can be created by computer operators as applied to the available options for the technical capabilities of each particular cartographic production.

The results of updating the obsolete maps of the territories of the regions of Voronezh, Kursk, Belgorod, Lipetsk, Tambov, Saratov, Oryol regions by the proposed method have confirmed its effectiveness in comparison with old mapping technologies. The proposed updating method allowed several times to reduce the time and money spent on producing maps of the territories of these regions, the quality and accuracy of these maps has improved.

Claims (10)

1. A method of updating the map of the surveyed Earth's surface (OZP), including computer-aided refinement of the obsolete map using modern photographs, characterized in that they take the OZP at a scale close to the scale of the obsolete map, scan the obsolete map and the OZP image, display them on a computer screen with two separate displays - an obsolete map in the form of an opaque base, a picture in the form of a translucent moving, stretched over fragments and scaled in the plane of the computer screen overlay on this opaque base, visually combine them and fix relative to each other at identifiable points, then remove objects that are not in the translucent overlay from the opaque base, add new objects fixed by shooting to it, adjust the size and configuration of common objects to it according to their size and configuration on the translucent overlay, after which the graphic image obtained on the screen is recorded in the computer memory as a display of the modern OZP and printed on the plotter and / or on the photoplotter as updated map of the OZP in the required form and scale. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the display of the obsolete OZP card and the OZP image is displayed on the computer screen in different colors, for example, in blue and red, respectively. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that when combining the images of the outdated OZP map and the OZP image displayed in different colors on the computer screen, a visual pseudo stereoscopic effect is created, for which they are examined through glasses whose glasses have corresponding different color filters. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that one of the OZP mappings compared on the computer screen, for example a snapshot, is displayed on the computer screen periodically disappearing and appearing, that is, visually flickering, for example, with a flicker frequency of 0.5-15.0 Hz 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that both the OZP displays compared on the computer screen are displayed flickering alternately (in antiphase) on the computer screen, for example, with a flicker frequency of 0.5-15.0 Hz. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the display of the OZP image (translucent overlay) is displayed on the computer screen as a standard for a future updated OZP map, and the display of the obsolete OZP map (opaque basis) is displayed on the computer screen so that its main contours objects combined with objects of the standard (for example, buildings, roads, fields, forests, ponds, etc.) when they are shifted relative to the standard, for example, more than 0.1 mm in map scale, are highlighted or highlighted on the computer screen by another color relative to colors an opaque base and a translucent overlay and / or visually flickering image, for example, with a flicker frequency of 0.5-15.0 Hz. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that when combining and refining on the computer screen the images of the obsolete OZP map and the OZP image, they coordinate the turning points of their common objects in a flat (two-dimensional) coordinate system, after which they are fixed in a computer memory and used the resulting two-dimensional digital map in the geographic information system (GIS) and / or print it as an updated map of the OZP. 8. The method according to claim 1 or 7, characterized in that the coordinates of the common objects on the OZP and on the updated map of the OZP are determined in a three-dimensional coordinate system by interpolating the position of the points of these objects relative to the existing contour lines and / or high-altitude pickets on the display of the obsolete OZP map, then fix them in the computer memory and use the obtained three-dimensional digital map of the OZP in the GIS. 9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that they scan and display on the computer screen the negative image of the OZP. 10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that as the display of the OZP use separate frames of its video, which are entered into the computer, for example, using a video grabber.