RU2736783C1 - Fodder composition for normalizing and preventing metabolic disorders of domestic animals and birds and method for production thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: cattle breeding.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to fodder production, namely to a fodder composition for normalizing and preventing metabolic disorders of domestic animals and birds and a method for production thereof. Composition is characterized by that it contains oligofructose or inuline, sorbitol, glucose or maltose or dextrose, lecithin, chitosan, essential oil anise, lactic acid, propionic acid, caustic soda, sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate, vitamins A, E in liposomal form, tween-20, tween-80, span-80. All components are used in certain amounts. Method is characterized by that in water oligofructose is mixed with inuline, sorbitol, glucose or maltose or dextrose until their complete dissolution by heating content on steam-water jacket to 25–35 °C. Then, chitosan solution is obtained, obtained by mixing at 200–400 rpm of mixer per minute of water-wet chitosan with lactic and propionic acids until complete dissolution of chitosan, followed by feeding an aqueous solution of sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate, as well as an aqueous solution of caustic soda, successively adding lecithin, essential oil anise, vitamins A and E in liposomal forms, span-80, tween-20, tween-80 and stirring until a homogeneous solution.

EFFECT: using the group of inventions enables prolonging the shelf life of the obtained composition and improving metabolism in the animals.

2 cl, 1 dwg, 4 tbl

Description

The feed composition is used to normalize and prevent metabolic disorders of domestic animals and birds, increase immunity, increase milk yield and fat content in milk, increase the percentage of fertility, increase feed conversion, prevent type II diabetes mellitus, accelerate placenta separation after calving, increase lactation period, which gives increased milk yield. Also, the introduction of a feed additive into animal feed can reduce culling caused by hepatosis and negative energy balance.

Known from patent RU 2391858 [1] "A method for increasing production performance in large-scale keeping of cattle", which proposes to give cows together with feed 30-40 g / head. per day inulin, 30-50 g / bird. per day oligofructose, as well as fat-soluble vitamins A, D3 and E in liposomal form, which gave an increase in milk yield by about 6%, reduced waste by 2%, and increased pregnancy by 5%. The disadvantage of this method is the narrow focus of the additive action, which makes it impossible to substantially normalize the metabolism of animals. At the same time, changes in production indicators given in the patent description lie within the statistical error and can hardly reliably reflect the actual state of affairs.

Known from patent RU 2444906 [2] "A method of obtaining feed for normalizing metabolic processes in farm animals", describing the preparation and method of using a feed additive having the composition: oligofructose 100-200 g, inulin or gum arabic (arabinogalactan) 200-300 g, sorbitol 200-300 g, easily digestible carbohydrates (glucose, fructose, maltose) 100-200 g, phospholipids (lecithin) 150-250 g. This patent indicates that the composition should be used for feeding cows in an amount of 40 g / head per day for feed, 60 g / head. a day after calving and 20-30 g / head. piglets per day. The result of using the composition is the normalization of the metabolism of cows and the preservation of milk productivity when the composition is introduced under conditions of combined stress conditions (against its decrease in the absence of the composition), as well as a similar result in relation to pigs in terms of such parameters as daily weight gain and safety of weaned piglets. The disadvantages of this method include a low dosage of the product in the fed feed, which does not adequately prevent metabolic disorders in animals.

Known from patent RU 2472352 [3] "Method for stabilizing milk production in cows under fodder stress", which offers an expanded version of the previous composition - oligofructose - 100-200 g, inulin or arabinogalactan - 200-300 g, sorbitol - 200-300 g, easily digestible carbohydrates - glucose, fructose, maltose - 100-200 g, phospholipids - 150-250 g, anise oil - 5-10 g, cinnamon oil - 2.5-5 g, clove oil - 2.5-5, 0 g, yeast hydrolyzate - 100-200 g, soy hydrolyzate - 100-200 g, fed together with feed to cows in an amount of 100 g / head. in a day. The use of the composition under conditions of feed stress (reduced quality silage) showed a similar result - not only preservation, but also an increase in the milk production of cows by about 5%. The disadvantages of this patent include insufficient normalization of animal metabolism and the absence of endotoxin sorbents.

Known from patent CN 103053806 [4] "Synbiotic feed additive, method for its production and use." This invention discloses a synbiotic feed additive, as well as a method for its preparation and use. The synbiotic feed additive contains: 1-5 wt. hours, preferably 2-4 wt. hours, more preferably 3-4 wt. including and most preferably 3.5 wt. including at least one selected from chitosan oligosaccharide, chitosan and oligosaccharide from algae; 2-10 wt. hours, preferably from 3 to 9 wt. hours, more preferably 4-8 wt. including and most preferably 5.5 wt. including at least one selected from astragalus polysaccharide and polysaccharides lyciumbarbarum hawthorn flavone; and 100 parts by weight of a probiotic composition which consists of bacillussubtilis, bacilluscoagulans and clostridiumbutyricum in a weight ratio of 1-3: 1-3: 1-3, preferably 3: 3: 3, relatively preferably 3: 2: 2, more preferably 3: 2 : 1 and most preferably 3: 1: 1. Compared to existing synbiotic feed additives, the synbiotic feed additive of the present invention is easier to digest and absorb and can significantly improve animal immunity and animal health, increase feed utilization, increase low feed conversion, promote reproductive performance, improve production productivity, improve meat quality and improve the environment. reproductions.

The disadvantages of this invention are the following: the use of bacteria, which makes increased demands on the equipment, significantly complicates the technological process of preparation and storage of the additive.

When using both high-quality and low-quality feed for feeding farm animals (primarily cattle), the key problem of cattle metabolism remains unresolved - the rapid processing of food starch into volatile fatty acids - propionic, butyric, lactic, which leads to rumen acidification and harmful consequences, among which in the first place is D-lactic acidosis, and then hepatosis, a decrease in milk production and fertility, a negative energy balance. The composition of the proposed composition offers a way to solve this problem in the form of introducing glucose into the diet, including glucose to maintain a positive energy balance at the primary stage of digestion, and enveloping substances that create conditions for uniform - throughout digestion - the breakdown of starch and, thus, elimination of the conditions for the occurrence of D-lactate acidosis and the development of associated consequences. As a result, the metabolism of animals is normalized, their immunity is increased, milk yield increases by an average of 5-10%.

It is known that milk production in a cow strongly depends on the amount of starch supplied with food (for example, Prof. N.G. Makartsev, Feeding farm animals, Kaluga 2012), since the rumen microflora quickly converts starch into volatile fatty acids (VFA) - propionic, buttery, lactic, the last of which is the strongest of the above and acidifies the contents of the rumen to a pH below 6. A shift in rumen pH to an acidic region below 6 leads to a restriction of the growth of cellulite bacteria and an increased growth of lactic acid producers, resulting in the development of a whole cascade of metabolic disorders starting with D-lactic acidosis and ending with a decrease in the amount of fat in milk, fertility, negative energy balance and early culling.

Briefly highlighting the metabolism of cattle, the regulatory complex of cows provides for a mechanism for eliminating excess rumen acidity by converting glucose catabolites, in particular, lactic acid, into propionates and, subsequently, into glucose. However, the rate of synthesis of propionates is relatively low (about 10 times lower than the rate of starch metabolism), which leads to rumen acidification. The accumulation of lactic acid leads to D-lactate acidosis. Acidosis entails such consequences as: a decrease in the biohydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and, as a consequence, a decrease in the amount of fat in milk. Excess glucose catabolites are processed into fat, which consumes a lot of energy and creates a negative energy balance, which is exacerbated by the need to expend energy to break down these very fats to replenish the energy that is not received from glucose metabolism. The process of breaking down fats as a source of energy leads to the emergence of excess ketone bodies and forms ketosis, which reduces milk production down to values 50-70% below normal values. A negative energy balance leads to low blood insulin levels, which interferes with the synthesis of sex hormones and reduces fertility.

The combination of these and interrelated negative consequences can be solved even at the stage of feeding cattle.

If you limit the amount of starch processed in the rumen (15-20% of the dry matter weight), and also somehow slow down its processing by the microflora, you can create conditions for the timely removal of excess lactic acid. The problem is solved by introducing into the feed substances that have an enveloping effect - oligofructosans and dietary fiber. Thus, starchy feed components are absorbed longer, and lactic acid is utilized in a timely manner.

The feed composition is used to normalize and prevent metabolic disorders of domestic animals and birds, increase immunity, increase milk yield (on average by 2-6 l / head per day) and fat content in milk (on average by 0.2-0.5%) , increasing the percentage of fertility, increasing the conversion of feed, preventing type II diabetes mellitus, allows you to accelerate the separation of the placenta after calving, which makes it possible not to distract the cow's strength to strengthen immunity, but send them to milk production, increase the lactation period, which gives increased milk yield. Also, the introduction of a feed additive into animal feed can reduce culling caused by hepatosis and negative energy balance.

The closest to the claimed technical solution is "Feed additive and method for controlling the activity of cicatricial microflora" EA 029011 [5], describes a method for producing a feed composition having a composition in g of a component / 1 kg of composition (in terms of dry matter): oligofructose - 100- 400, inulin and / or gum arabic - 150-350, sorbitol - 100-300, easily digestible carbohydrates - 50-150, phospholipids - 50-200, essential oils - 2-5, chitosan - 5-10. The composition is distinguished by the presence of chitosan, which made it possible to obtain even better results in comparison with the earlier versions of the feed additive. The disadvantages of this patent include the lack of vitamins, physical stabilizers of the composition, chemical pH stabilizers.

The disadvantages of the known composition are the high temperature of the dissolution process of chitosan at a low reaction rate, low energy value, unstabilized pH value, low shelf life, low amount of vitamins, high rate of composition stratification, low palatability.

The technical task of the proposed solution is to reduce the temperature of the feed additive production process, and, as a result, to accelerate and simplify it, increase the energy value of the composition, and bring the composition pH to a level that is safe for animals. The properties of the composition are improved: the introduction of a preservative to increase the shelf life of the composition, the introduction of vitamins in liposomal forms to increase milk productivity, the introduction of stabilizers to eliminate stratification of the composition, the introduction of an essential oil to impart a pleasant smell.

The technical result is achieved in that the feed composition for the normalization and prevention of metabolic disorders of domestic animals and birds, containing: oligofructose, inulin, sorbitol, easily digestible carbohydrates, phospholipids, chitosan, essential oils, is characterized in that the composition of the composition additionally contains lactic, propionic acid, caustic soda, preservative, vitamins A, E, tween-20, tween-80, span-80, glucose or maltose or dextrose is used as easily digestible carbohydrates, lecithin is used as a source of phospholipids,

in the following ratio g / 1 kg of the composition in terms of dry matter:

oligofructose / inulin 100-300,

sorbitol 50-400,

glucose or maltose or dextrose 50-200,

lecithin 50-200,

chitosan 10-120,

anise essential oil 5-50,

lactic acid 20-50,

propionic acid 10-30,

caustic soda 1-7,

preservative (sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate) 1-5,

vitamin A in liposomal form - 1-3,

vitamin E - 0.5-1.0,

twin-20 - 0.2-1.0,

twin-80 - 10-50,

span-80 - 3-15.

The method of obtaining the feed composition according to Clause 1, includes the preparation of an aqueous solution of oligofructose, inulin, sorbitol, easily digestible carbohydrates, phospholipids, essential oils, chitosan, in the main container is mixed with water sequentially oligofructose or inulin, sorbitol, glucose or maltose or dextrose and stirred until complete dissolution using a steam-water jacket, heating the contents to 25-35 ° C, then a pre-solution of chitosan is prepared in the first container at a stirrer speed of 200-400 rpm, feeding it in small portions until completely wetted, and lactic and propionic acids are added and stirred until the chitosan is completely dissolved and the finished solution is fed into the main container, then a solution in water of sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate is prepared in the second container and fed into the main container, then a solution of sodium hydroxide in water is prepared in the third container and fed into the main container, then fed into the main container sequentially lecithin, anise essential oil, vitamins A and E in whether in the form, span-80, tween-20, tween-80 and mix until a homogeneous solution.

FIG. shows a scheme for obtaining a composition, where:

1 - main container;

2 - the first container for the pre-solution of chitosan;

3 - the second container for a solution of sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate;

4 - the third container for sodium hydroxide solution;

5 - component in its original packaging;

6 - flowmeter of chitosan pre-solution;

7 - flow meter for sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate solution;

8 - flow meter for sodium hydroxide solution;

9 - pre-solution tank pump;

10 - pump for pumping components from the original packaging;

11 - pump for supplying a solution of sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate;

12 - pump for supplying sodium hydroxide solution;

13 - water jacket for heating.

The method is carried out as follows: From the factory package 5 pump 10 is pumped into the main tank 1 with a water heating jacket 13 and mixed with water sequentially oligofructose or inulin, sorbitol and molasses of easily digestible carbohydrates and stirred until complete dissolution, using a heating jacket, bringing the temperature of the contents of the main containers 1 up to 25-35 ° С.

Then, in the first container 2, a pre-solution of chitosan is prepared - water is poured and, at high (200-400 rpm) stirrer revolutions (not shown), chitosan is fed into the container in small portions until it is completely wetted and lactic and propionic acids are added and mixed until complete dissolving chitosan. The finished solution is fed into the main tank 1 through the flow meter 6 by pump 9.

Then, in the main tank 3 (it can be made of polypropylene), a solution of sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate is prepared, dissolving them in water at medium speed, and fed into the main tank 1 through the flow meter 7 by pump 11.

Then, in the third container 4 (it is allowed to be made of polypropylene), a sodium hydroxide solution is prepared by dissolving it in water, and the solution is fed into the main container 1 through the flow meter 8 by pump 12.

Then, lecithin, anise essential oil, vitamins A and E in liposomal form, span-80, tween-20, tween-80 are sequentially fed into the main container 1 and mixed until a homogeneous solution (these components are fed into the filler neck of the main container 1 by gravity due to either too high a viscosity of a particular component, or a small amount of it for the design load).

All containers, pipes for supplying and mixing raw materials and the product of the production cycle imply their execution of steel Х18Н9Т, unless otherwise indicated.

The claimed invention describes a method for producing a feed composition by successively mixing components and pre-solutions at 25 ... 35 ° C instead of 50 ... 60 ° C, which allows to reduce production costs, accelerate and simplify the process of preparing the composition.

To increase the nutritional value of the composition, starch syrup was introduced into it, which also has a certain enveloping effect.

Sorbitol is introduced into the composition as an energetic; it is used to eliminate energy deficit and prevent metabolic disorders against a background of negative energy balance.

Since chitosan is a sparingly water-soluble natural polymer possessing, in the context of this patent, an enveloping (important for the uniform distribution in time of the process of assimilation of food by domestic animals and birds) and toxin-absorbing functions, the problem of its introduction into the composition was solved by introducing catalysts for its dissolution - milk and propionic acids. In addition, in this case, an increased (50 ... 60 ° C) solution temperature is not required for dissolving chitosan, and the process can be carried out at a temperature of 25 ... 35 ° C.

Since low pH is harmful to the digestion of animals, an auxiliary substance, caustic soda, is introduced into the composition to increase the pH of the composition to 6 ... 7. In this case, the entire amount of caustic soda introduced (after loading the chitosan solution) is neutralized with acids.

To increase the shelf life of the composition, a preservative is introduced - a mixture of sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate.

For a positive effect on milk production, vitamins A and E are introduced into the composition.

To eliminate the stratification of the composition, stabilizers - sorbitans Tween-20, Tween-80 and Span-80 are introduced into it.

To impart a pleasant smell to the composition and to the places of its application, anise essential oil is added to the composition.

The introduction of components in the indicated ranges is dictated by the need to comply with the physical, biological and economic parameters of the composition. For example, the introduction of oligofructose / inulin, as well as glucose / maltose / dextrose, as well as sorbitol, as well as phospholipids below the indicated values will lead to an insufficient indicator of metabolic energy, above it will complicate the process of preparing the composition and its subsequent use, as it will give excessive viscosity. The lower limit of the concentration range of anise essential oil is due to its function of imparting a pleasant smell to the composition, the upper limit is economic expediency. The introduction of lactic and propionic acids below the indicated limits will lead to difficulties with the dissolution of chitosan, above - to an excessive content of these acids in the composition and, subsequently, in the rumen of cows. Accordingly, the introduction of caustic soda below / above the minimum / maximum specified limits will lead to dangerous acidification / alkalinization of the composition, which can adversely affect the health of cattle.

The range of chitosan content is limited by the lower limit due to the conditionality of its minimum concentration for physiological processes in animal organisms, the upper limit by physical limitation, expressed in an excessive increase in the viscosity of the composition. The introduction of a preservative less than the lower specified limit jeopardizes the biological stability of the composition, more - poses a danger to animals. The content of vitamins A and E in liposomal form from below is limited by the magnitude of their effect on the metabolism of animals, from above - by the expediency of introducing large amounts, since animals receive a more complete complex of vitamins from other food sources. The introduction of stabilizers Tween-20, Tween-80 and Span-20 below the boundaries of the indicated ranges jeopardizes the stability of the composition, expressed in its stratification, above it loses its meaning.

Examples of the composition of the composition are shown in table 1.

Application examples.

Industrial test tests of the feed additive were carried out at an agricultural farm in Western Siberia. The tests were carried out on three experimental groups of cows with 54 heads per group with a test duration of 7 days.

The results of industrial applications are shown in Table 2.

Thus, from the above table, it is obvious that when giving the proposed feed additive, an increase in all indicators presented in the table, in particular, milk production, reaches 11%.

Conducting tests to study the effect of introducing the proposed feed additive into the diet of cows on the percentage of fertilization (Table 3) allows us to conclude that the introduction of the additive allows increasing the proportion of heifers fertilized from the first try from about 0.4 to about 0.55-0.60. It should be noted that the amount of added additive does not have a significant effect on the studied indicator, since the differences between the experimental groups are within the margin of error.

Conducting tests to identify the effect of the introduction of the additive on the normalization of the metabolism of animals showed a positive trend in all main indicators (table 4). It is known that the most significant differences between sick cows and healthy ones, taking into account the natural variability of indicators, should be considered a reduced content of erythrocytes and hemoglobin, a shift in the leukogram towards an increase in the proportion of stab neutrophils and eosinophils, which is a consequence of toxicosis. The study of the data obtained allows us to conclude that the use of the additive has a positive effect on the health of animals, in particular, an increase in the content of erythrocytes and hemoglobin to the norm.

In addition, if before the application of the composition (feed additive) the proportion of cows culling due to hepatosis was about 30% of the total number of culls, then after its application the culling for this reason was reduced to zero (for other reasons, the number of culls remained the same).

From the data presented, the benefits of the claimed composition are evident, expressed in an increase in milk yield by approximately 5-10%, the content of fat and protein by 2-5% and the exclusion of culling of livestock due to liver hepatosis.

Technical result:

A decrease in the temperature of the production process, and, as a consequence, its acceleration and simplification is achieved by introducing lactic and propionic acids as catalysts for the dissolution of chitosan.

An increase in energy value is achieved by the introduction of easily digestible hydrocarbons sorbitol, for example, starch syrup.

PH stabilization is achieved by neutralizing acids with caustic soda.

An increase in the shelf life of the composition is achieved by the introduction of preservatives and stabilizers - sorbitans.

The increase in milk productivity is achieved by the complex effect of the feed composition on the metabolism of animals.

An increase in palatability is achieved by the introduction of Anise essential oil to impart a pleasant scent.

Industrial application: Industrial tests of the feed additive were carried out at an agricultural farm in Western Siberia. Tests have shown its high efficiency.

Claims (3)

1. Feed composition for the normalization and prevention of metabolic disorders of domestic animals and birds, characterized in that it contains oligofructose, or inulin, sorbitol, glucose or maltose or dextrose, lecithin, chitosan, anise essential oil, lactic acid, propionic acid, caustic soda , sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate, vitamins A, E in liposomal form, tween-20, tween-80, span-80, in the following ratio, g component / 1 kg of the composition in terms of dry matter: oligofructose or inulin 100-300 sorbitol 50-400 glucose or maltose or dextrose 50-200 lecithin 50-200 chitosan 10-120 anise essential oil 5-50 lactic acid 20-50 propionic acid 10-30 caustic soda 1-7 sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate 1-5 vitamin A in liposomal form 1-3 vitamin E in liposomal form 0.5-1.0 twin-20 0.2-1.0 twin-80 10-50 span-80 3-15 2. A method of obtaining a feed composition according to claim 1, characterized in that oligofructose or inulin, sorbitol, glucose or maltose or dextrose are mixed in water until they are completely dissolved, by heating the contents on a steam-water jacket to 25-35 ° C, then a chitosan solution is supplied obtained by mixing at 200-400 revolutions of the mixer per minute chitosan moistened with water with lactic and propionic acids until the chitosan is completely dissolved, after which an aqueous solution of sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate, as well as an aqueous solution of caustic soda, are added sequentially lecithin, essential oil of anise , vitamins A and E in liposomal forms, span-80, tween-20, tween-80 and mixed until a homogeneous solution.

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