RU2266682C1 - Method for production of feed additive from bran - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, feed production.

SUBSTANCE: claimed method includes bran pretreatment with acid fraction of electroactivated water for 1.5-2.0 h in amount of 10-20 l water/1 t raw materials and blending of bran with solution containing caustic soda, lime paste and water in ratio of (mass %): bran 95-96; caustic soda 0.2-0.3; lime paste 0.6-0.8 and balance: water. Mixture is agitated for 20-30 min; conditioned for 24-36 h and mixed with nutrient additive containing glauber salt and tricalcium phosphate in the next ratio (mass %): glauber salt 0.2-0.3; tricalcium phosphate 0.5-0.7 and balance: composition. Then microorganism probiotic culture in concentration of 0.18-0.22 is introduced and mixture is granulated.

EFFECT: mineral salt- and probiotic culture-enriched feed additive with increased digestive properties for animals and poultry due to destruction of cellulose-lignin complex.

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to technologies for obtaining feed from plant materials.

A known method of processing straw for feed in order to produce feed for farm animals. The method includes processing straw with sulfur dioxide, followed by steaming in an autoclave at a pressure of 3-4 atm and a temperature of 130-140 ° C (RF patent No. 2133098, class A 23 K 1/12, 1999, bull. No. 20).

However, this method provides autoclaving under hard conditions, which not only leads to the hydrolysis of coarse components, but also caramelization of already hydrolyzed carbohydrates. The addition of sulfur dioxide and subsequent autoclaving ensures the formation of inorganic acid vapor, which has a negative effect on the health of personnel and causes a deterioration in the nutritional value and taste of the product.

A known method of preparation of feed from plant materials for use in agriculture, including grinding straw in a dispersant, squeezing the solid phase and introducing into its composition beer grains and a nutrient mixture consisting of brewer's yeast, residual protein, beer hopped wort, followed by sterilization with at a temperature of 120 ° C in two stages, initial for 60-65 min, secondary for 40-45 min and inoculating the mass of the fungus Pleuretus osteatuu (Fr) Kummer, culturing for 7-9 days (RF patent No. 2127065, class A 23 K 1/12, 1999 Bulletin No. 7).

However, in the known method requires the addition of raw materials valuable substrates, which provide a significant increase in the cost of the final product. In addition, autoclaving as in the previous analogue can lead to partial caramelization of hydrolyzed sugars.

The cultivation of the fungus Pleuretus osteatuu (Fr) Kummer for 7-9 days increases the time it takes to obtain the final product.

A known method of use in the composition of animal feed and poultry untreated bran. The value of their input for chicken of egg breeds is up to 10% of the diet, and for broiler chickens, turkeys, quails and pheasants they are not recommended to be introduced (Recommendations for feeding poultry, Sergiev Posad: VNIITIP publishing house, 2000. P. 42.) .

However, in the known method, the introduction of untreated bran is very limited or it is not recommended to introduce them, which is associated with a high fiber content in the raw material. The bran itself contains few minerals and, when used in the feed, additional mineral salts are required. In addition, they do not contain beneficial microorganisms that animals need for proper nutrition (good fiber absorption and resistance to pathogens). Bran is rich in vitamins and therefore they have a high contamination of toxin-forming microorganisms, and primarily fungi. Therefore, bran needs additional processing to improve their nutritional properties.

A known method of processing straw, in which a straw weighing 100 kg is wetted with a solution of the following composition: 4.5-6.0 kg of lime dough; 2.0 kg of caustic soda; 100-120 liters of water. Then, the straw thus treated is laid in trenches, compacted, aged for several days and used as necessary. Sometimes, urea of 1.5-2.0 kg is additionally introduced into the solution. (Zafren S.Ya. How to increase the nutritional value of straw. M: Kolos, 1982. S. 62-63).

However, in the known method, straw is used in which the fiber content is higher than that of bran, therefore, even after pretreatment, it cannot be used for monogastric animals and poultry. In addition, to obtain an additive on the prototype requires several days. The resulting additive does not contain probiotic microorganisms, which impairs its quality characteristics.

The known method does not allow to effectively obtain an additive from bran with high nutritional value due to the destruction of the cellulose-lignin complex of raw materials in a short time, containing beneficial microorganisms and was a source of sulfur and calcium.

The technical solution to the problem is to intensify the destruction of the bran cellulose-lignin complex due to more complete hydrolysis and increase the nutritional value of the feed when it is enriched with mineral salts and probiotic cultures.

The problem is achieved in that in the method for producing a feed additive from bran, which includes pretreatment of bran with an acid fraction of electroactivated water for 1.5-2.0 hours at a ratio of 10-20 liters of water per 1 ton of raw materials and mixing the bran with a solution containing caustic soda, lime dough and water, with the following ratios of components, wt.%:

bran 95-96 caustic soda 0.2-0.3 lime dough 0.6-0.8 water rest

while the composition is stirred for 20-30 minutes, then incubated for 24-36 hours and mixed with a nutritional supplement containing Glauber's salt and tricalcium phosphate, in the following ratios of components, wt.%:

Glauber's salt 0.2-0.3 tricalcium phosphate 0.5-0.7 composition rest

Then a probiotic culture of microorganisms is introduced in a concentration of 0.18-0.22% and granulated.

The claimed method for producing a feed additive from bran differs from analogues in the type of raw material, other processing conditions and the introduced mineral composition, providing an intensification of the process of hydrolysis of the raw material, as well as the additional introduction of beneficial microorganisms.

These differences allow us to conclude that the claimed technical solutions meet the criterion of "novelty."

The features that distinguish the claimed technical solution from the prototype are aimed at achieving the task and have not been identified in the study of this and related fields of science and technology and, therefore, meet the criterion of "inventive step".

A method of obtaining a feed additive from bran was carried out at the Druzhba poultry farm, Vyselkovsky district of the Krasnodar Territory.

Wheat bran weighing 3 tons is poured into the feed tank with an acid fraction of electroactivated water weighing 45 kg with a pH of 2.0, obtained using a flowing electroactivator, and kept for 90 minutes. This technological operation allows to neutralize bran from phytopathogenic microorganisms and, first of all, from toxin-forming fungi, as well as to begin the destruction of the cellulose-lignin complex. Then the treated mass is transferred to a screw type mixer, to which 7.5 kg of caustic soda and 21 kg of lime dough are preliminarily added and the mixture is brought to a total mass of 100 kg with water, adding 71.5 kg of water. The resulting chemical composition is mixed with bran on a mixer for 25 minutes, and then kept for further hydrolysis of the cellulose-lignin complex for 30 hours. As a result of this operation, part of the cellulose decomposes to form available sugars. After the specified time, a nutritional composition containing Glauber's salt and tricalcium phosphate weighing 7.9 and 19.0 kg, respectively, is added to the resulting mass. It is necessary to saturate the resulting additives with mineral salts. Then, to give it antimicrobial, immunostimulating and cellulose-depleting properties, the Bacell probiotic culture containing bacteria belonging to the species Lactobacillus acidophilus Suav is introduced into it. B-4625, Rhuminococcus albus KR and Bacillus subtilus B-8130 in the amount of 6.4 kg of dry preparation and after thoroughly mixing the mixture on a mixer, the additive is dried, followed by granulation. The result was an additive weighing 3120 kg.

The test of the proposed feed additives was carried out at the Druzhba poultry farm, Vyselkovsky district of the Krasnodar Territory in the form of an additive for growing the entire number of laying hens. Studies have shown that the proposed method for producing a bran feed additive makes it possible to increase its input into the diet at the peak of egg laying up to 15%, and at the age of 400 days and older up to 30%, without reducing the productivity and safety of the bird in comparison with the use of rations with untreated bran with an input value of 7-10% depending on the age of the bird.

Calculations showed that replacing wheat grain with bran in an amount of 15% (bran cost - 90 kopecks per 1 kg, wheat grain - 2.2 rubles per kg) per ton makes savings of 195 rubles. With an average daily consumption of feed during 6 months of 2001 using the proposed additives (when the proposed additive was used throughout the livestock), the savings amounted to 117 thousand rubles per 1 month.

To obtain a feed additive from bran, the bran is kept in the acidic fraction of electroactivated water for 1.5-2.0 hours. If the bran aging time is less than 1.5 hours, then the effective destruction of pathogenic microorganisms will not occur. If the bran aging time is more than 2.0 hours, then this reduces the speed of the process without increasing its efficiency. The optimal aging time of bran in the acid fraction of electro-activated water should be 98 minutes. The ratio of bran to water should be 1 ton of bran per 10-20 liters of water. If the mass of water is less than 10 kg per 1 ton of bran, then they will not be completely saturated and the process of their disinfection will not pass completely. If the mass of water is more than 20 kg per 1 ton of bran, then the water will increase the moisture content of the bran, which is not technologically advanced and will interfere with the further process. For an effective disinfection of bran, the optimal ratio is 1 kg of bran should account for 15 kg of electroactivated water. For the efficient hydrolysis of the cellulose-lignin bran complex, they are treated with a mixture of the following composition: caustic soda - 2-3 kg, lime dough - 6-8 kg, tap water 26 kg. If the composition is caustic soda less than 2 kg, lime dough less than 6 kg, tap water less than 26 kg, then the hydrolysis efficiency will be low, and cellulose destruction will be insignificant. If the composition is caustic soda more than 3 kg, lime dough more than 8 kg, tap water more than 26 kg, then the hydrolysis efficiency will not increase, and the additive will be alkaline, which will make it impossible to use it in animal and bird feeding. Therefore, the optimal composition of the mixture is as follows: caustic soda - 2.5 kg, lime dough - 7.0 kg, tap water 26 kg, the rest is bran. Mixing the resulting mixture is carried out for 20-30 minutes If mixing will occur for less than 20 minutes, then uniform mixing will not occur. If mixing will occur for more than 30 minutes, uniform mixing will occur earlier, and an increase in the process will increase the cost of this operation, without increasing efficiency. The optimum mixing time is 25 minutes. The resulting mixture was incubated for 24-36 hours. If the aging time is less than 24 hours, then the hydrolysis of the cellulose-lignin complex will not take place significantly, and this will degrade the quality of the additive, reducing its nutritional value. If the aging time is more than 36 hours, this will degrade the quality of the additive due to the beginning of the development of extraneous microflora, which will utilize the sugars available to it. The optimum holding time is 30 hours. To obtain a feed additive from bran, mix: Glauber's salt - 2-3 kg; tricalcium phosphate - 5-7 kg, and the rest is up to 1000 kg. If the mixture contains less than 2 kg of glauber's salt and less than 5 kg of tricalcium phosphate, the mineral component of the additive will be insufficient and this will require additional introduction into the feed. If the mixture contains more than 3 kg of glauber's salt and more than 7 kg of tricalcium phosphate, then the mineral component of the additive will be much and balancing the feed additive will be difficult. Therefore, the optimal composition of the mixture is as follows: Glauber's salt - 2.5 kg, tricalcium phosphate - 6.0 kg, and the rest is up to 1000 kg. To give the additive probiotic properties, beneficial microorganisms with probiotic properties are added to it at a concentration of 0.18-0.22% by weight of the additive. If the concentration of probiotics is less than 0.18%, then the probiotic properties of the additive will be weakly expressed. If the concentration of probiotics is more than 0.22%, then the increase in the probiotic effect of the supplement does not occur, its cost increases. The optimal concentration of the probiotic culture of microorganisms should be 0.2% by weight of the additive.

Claims (1)

A method of producing a feed additive from bran, comprising pre-treating bran with an acid fraction of electroactivated water for 1.5-2.0 hours with a ratio of 10-20 liters of water per 1 ton of raw materials and mixing the bran with a solution containing caustic soda, lime dough and water , with the following ratios of components, wt.%: Bran 95-96 Caustic soda 0.2-0.3 Lime dough 0.6-0.8 Water Rest while the composition is stirred for 20-30 minutes, then incubated for 24-36 hours and mixed with a nutritional supplement containing Glauber's salt and tricalcium phosphate, in the following ratios of components, wt.%: Glauber's salt 0.2-0.3 Tricalcium phosphate 0.5-0.7 Composition Rest Then a probiotic culture of microorganisms is introduced in a concentration of 0.18-0.22% and granulated.