RU2736107C1 - Method of underground development of mineral deposits - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the mining industry and can be used in underground development of reservoir deposits for reduction of mineral losses, costs for ventilation, driving and maintenance of development workings. Width of inter-column pillar is greater than the maximum width of inter-column pillar, if exceeded, stability of ventilation development of the worked-out column is provided. Between the pillar of the pillar between the conveyor opening and the transport mine working there is an auxiliary mine working. Inter-column pillar is worked out in line with the lava, with the length of lava is taken equal to the distance between the conveyor development of the worked column and worked space. Distance between auxiliary working of prepared column and worked-out space is less than limit length of dead-end section of lava adjacent to worked-out space, at reduction of which ventilation of the dead-end section of the lava is ensured by a stream of air passing through the lava due to general mine depression. During development of formations with hard-to-collapse roof rocks, auxiliary preparation of the prepared column passes simultaneously with transport and conveyor working of the prepared column. In development of formations with unstable roof rocks, auxiliary preparation of prepared column passes with delay from lava.

EFFECT: described is a method of underground development of mineral deposits.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used in the underground development of seam deposits to reduce the loss of minerals, the cost of ventilation, excavation and maintenance of development workings.

There is a known method of underground mining of layers of minerals (Inventor's certificate SU 1346791, 10/23/1987), including the division of the layer of minerals into pillars, preparation of the pillar by conducting single development workings, sequential mining of pillars with lava rocks with complete collapse of roof rocks in the worked-out space, holding lava ahead auxiliary development.

The disadvantages of this method are the low reliability of ventilation of the longwall and single development workings during their implementation.

The known method of underground mining of layers of minerals (Application for invention No. 97100392, 10.02.1999). This method includes dividing the mineral layer into pillars, working out the pillars with lavas, driving during the preparation of the pillar at its border, located on the side of the untouched array of minerals, conveyor development and transport development, leaving the inter-pillar pillar of the mineral between these workings, repayment of the conveyor lava workings, coaxial pipe-laying on the bottom of a redeemable preparatory working, discharge of the spent jet from the longwall through pipes.

The disadvantage of this method is the low reliability of airing the end section of the longwall adjacent to the mined-out space.

There is a known method of underground mining of mineral deposits (Patent RU 2441160, 01/27/2012), including dividing a layer of minerals into pillars, mining pillars with lava, sinking during the preparation of a pillar at its border, located on the side of an untouched array of minerals, conveyor development and transport workings, leaving a between-pillar pillar of minerals between these workings, repayment of conveyor work behind the lava, laying pipes on the base of the redeemed preparatory, diverting the spent stream from the lava through pipes.

The disadvantages of this method is the low reliability of ventilation of the end section of the longwall adjacent to the mined-out space.

There is a known method of underground mining of layers of minerals (Patent RU 2232272, 10.07.2004.), Including dividing a coal seam into pillars, preparing a pillar by carrying out conveyor and ventilation workings, leaving a pillar between the conveyor working of the pillar being worked out and the ventilation working of the pillar to be worked out, working out the pillars lavas with complete collapse of roof rocks in the worked-out area, maintaining ventilation workings for reuse.

The disadvantage of this method is the significant loss of minerals in the pillars, left between the conveyor development of the pillar being worked out and the ventilation outlet of the pillar to be worked out.

The known method of underground mining of layers of minerals ( Technological schemes for the preparation and development of mining areas in the mines of OJSC "SUEK-Kuzbass" / VN Demura, VB Artemiev, SV Yasyuchenya, etc. // Library of mining engineer. T. 3. Book. 12. M .: Mining, 2014. 255 p.20. ) , Taken as a prototype, including the division of a layer of minerals into pillars, working off pillars with lavas, sinking during the preparation of a pillar on its border located from the side untouched array of minerals, conveyor development and transport workings, leaving between these workings an inter-pillar pillar of minerals, repayment of conveyor work behind the longwall, re-use of the transport workings of the mined pillar as a ventilation workout when developing an adjacent pillar.

The disadvantages of this method are significant losses of minerals in inter-pillar pillars and an increased intensity of deformation of the reused development workings.

The technical result is to reduce the loss of minerals in inter-pillar pillars and to reduce the intensity of deformation of reused development workings.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of underground mining of layers of minerals includes dividing the layer of minerals into pillars, working out the pillars with lavas, sinking during the preparation of the pillar at its border, located on the side of the untouched massif of minerals, conveyor and transport workings, leaving between these by the workings of the inter-pillar pillar of the mineral, the repayment of the conveyor mine behind the longwall, the re-use of the transport workings of the worked-out pillar as a ventilation mine during the development of the adjacent pillar, characterized in that the width of the inter-pillar pillar is taken more than the maximum width of the inter-pillar pillar, when exceeding which the stability of the ventilation pillar of the worked out pillar is ensured , along the inter-pillar pillar between the conveyor development and the transport development, in parallel with the conveyor and transport development, auxiliary production passes, the inter-pillar pillar work in line with lava, atehthe length of the longwall is taken equal to the distance between the conveyor working of the worked pillar and the worked-out space, and the distance between the auxiliary working of the prepared column and the worked-out space is taken to be less than the limiting length of the dead-end section of the longwall adjacent to the worked-out space, at a decrease of which the ventilation of the dead-end section of the longwall is provided by the air stream passing on the longwall due to the general depression. When mining layers of a mineral with hard-to-cave rocks of the roof, auxiliary production of the prepared pillar takes place simultaneously with the transport and conveyor development of the prepared pillar. When developing a layer of a mineral with unstable roof rocks, the auxiliary development of the prepared pillar is lagging behind the lava.

The method is illustrated by the following figures:

Fig. 1 - auxiliary workings take place simultaneously with the transport and conveyor workings of the prepared column;

Fig. 2 - auxiliary development of the prepared pillar pass with a lag behind the lava, where:

1 - conveyor slope;

2 - rail walker;

3 - conveyor production of the prepared column;

4 - transport development of the prepared post;

5 - conveyor development of the worked column;

6 - transport development of the worked column;

7 - ventilation development of the worked out column;

8 - the width of the interpillar pillar;

9 - lava;

10 - the length of the lava;

11 - auxiliary development of the pillar being worked out;

12 - auxiliary development of the prepared column;

13 - the distance between the auxiliary working of the prepared pillar and the worked-out space;

14 - the length of the dead-end part of the longwall adjacent to the worked-out space;

15 - flank development workings;

16 - failure;

17 - auxiliary development;

18 - jumper.

The method is carried out as follows. The mineral layer is divided into pillars. During the preparation of the pillar on its border, located on the side of the untouched array of minerals, the conveyor development of the prepared pillar 3 (Figs. 1, 2) and the transport development of the prepared pillar 4 pass. take more than the maximum width of the inter-pillar pillar, when exceeded, the stability of the ventilation working of the pillar being worked out is ensured 7. The stability of the working is understood as its ability to maintain its shape and size in accordance with the project, regulated by the requirements of the Safety Rules.

The pillar is worked off with lava 9. Conveyor development of the worked pillar 5 is repaid behind the longwall. The transport development of the pillar 6 being worked out is saved for reuse when the prepared (adjacent downstream) pillar is worked out as a ventilation workout. Auxiliary working of the pillar 11 being worked out is designed to provide the possibility of ventilating the end section of the longwall adjacent to the worked-out space with an air stream passing along the longwall due to the general depression. The auxiliary development of the prepared pillar 12 is intended for use when working off the prepared pillar.

The width of the pillar pillar 8 is worked out on the same line with the face 9. The length of the face 10 is taken to be equal to the distance between the conveyor workings of the pillar 5 being worked out and the worked-out space.

The distance between the auxiliary excavation of the prepared pillar and the worked-out space 13 is taken to be less than the limiting length of the dead-end section of the longwall, the length of the dead-end part of the longwall adjacent to the worked-out space 14, with a decrease in which the ventilation of the dead-end section of the longwall adjacent to the worked-out space is provided by an air stream passing through the longwall behind account of general mine depression.

When mining layers of minerals with difficult-to-crumble roof rocks, an increase in the efficiency of the method is achieved when driving an auxiliary working 17 simultaneously with driving a transport and conveyor working of the prepared column. This is due to the fact that when mining layers of a mineral with hard-to-cave roof rocks, using this option, the intensity of deformation of the ventilation workings of the worked pillar 7 and the auxiliary workings of the worked pillars 11, the reused workings during their entire lifetime is minimal.

When developing a mineral layer with unstable roof rocks, an increase in the efficiency of the method is achieved when driving an auxiliary working of the prepared column 12 with a lag behind the lava. This is due to the fact that when mining layers of a mineral with unstable roof rocks, using this option, the intensity of deformation of the ventilation working of the worked pillar 7 and the auxiliary workings of the worked pillar 11, the reused workings during their entire lifetime is minimal.

The use of the proposed method makes it possible to take the width of the inter-pillar pillar 8 of practically any size and thereby ensure a stable state of the ventilation working of the pillar being worked out. working out of the pillar 7, reach from 40 to 45 m and more. At the same time, the loss of minerals during the implementation of the proposed method does not increase, since the inter-pillar pillars, after fulfilling their main function, reducing the intensity of deformation of the reused development workings, are worked out in line with the longwall.

The method is illustrated by the following example.

The thickness of seam No. 50 is 3.7 m. The angle of incidence of the seam is 7-8 degrees. Mining depths range from 300 to 400 m. The immediate seam top at the indicated depth is classified as easily caving (unstable).

To prepare the considered section of the mine field (panel) for mining, conveyor slope 1, rail walker 2 and flank preparatory workings 15 (Fig. 2) pass.

The mineral layer is divided into pillars. The length of the pillar along the strike is 2600 m. The order of mining the pillars is descending, i.e. pillars are consistently worked from top to bottom.

Longwall length - 400 m. Coal mining method is a combine. Longwall support type - DBT support-barrier support. Reservoir development system - long pillars along strike,

When preparing the next pillar, on its border, located on the side of an untouched mineral mass, the conveyor drift of the prepared pillar 3 and the transport drift of the prepared pillar 4 pass, leaving an inter-pillar pillar 45 m wide between these drifts.

The maximum width of the inter-pillar pillar 8, when exceeded, ensures the stability of the ventilation working of the pillar being worked out under the conditions under consideration is from 40 to 45 m.

The limiting length of the dead-end part of the longwall adjacent to the mined-out space 14, adjacent to the mined-out space, with a decrease in which the ventilation of the dead-end section is provided by an air stream passing through the longwall due to the general mine depression, is equal to 6 m. pillar 5 and the transport working of the pillar being worked out 6 pass the auxiliary working 12 of the prepared pillar. The distance 13 between the auxiliary working of the prepared pillar of the prepared pillar 12 and the worked-out space is taken equal to 5.5 m.

The area of rational use of the proposed method is coal and potash mines, working out gentle and inclined seams of minerals. With an increase in the depth of the seams, the effectiveness of the proposed method increases.

Claims (3)

1. A method of underground mining of minerals, including dividing a layer of minerals into pillars, mining pillars with lavas, driving during the preparation of a pillar at its border, located on the side of an untouched array of minerals, conveyor development and transport workings, leaving between these workings an inter-pillar pillar of useful fossil, repayment for longwall conveyor working, reuse of the transport working of the worked out column as a ventilation working when working off an adjacent pillar, characterized in that the width of the inter-pillar pillar is taken more than the maximum width of the inter-pillar pillar, when exceeding which, the stability of the ventilation working of the worked pillar is ensured, along the inter-pillar pillar between the conveyor development and the transport development, in parallel with the conveyor and transport development, auxiliary development pass, the inter-pillar pillar is worked out on the same line with the longwall, atehthe length of the longwall is taken equal to the distance between the conveyor working of the worked pillar and the worked-out space, and the distance between the auxiliary working of the prepared column and the worked-out space is taken to be less than the limiting length of the dead-end section of the longwall adjacent to the worked-out space, at a decrease of which the ventilation of the dead-end section of the longwall is provided by the air stream passing on the longwall due to the general depression. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that during the development of layers of minerals with difficult-to-crumbling roof rocks, the auxiliary development of the prepared pillar takes place simultaneously with the transport and conveyor development of the prepared pillar. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that during the development of a mineral layer with unstable roof rocks, the auxiliary production of the prepared column is lagging behind the lava.

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