RU2733356C1 - Centrifugal-pneumatic separator of solid domestic wastes (sdw) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: removal and processing of solid wastes.

SUBSTANCE: present invention relates to the field of municipal services and is used for the purpose of segregation (separation) of fresh solid domestic wastes from urban and settlement containers for collection of solid domestic wastes supplied by garbage trucks directly to factories by separation, processing and secondary use of solid household waste, bypassing dumps and polygons. Device for centrifugal-pneumatic separation of solid domestic wastes (SDW) comprises screw separator installed with possibility of rotation around its axis, suspended vibrators of screw separator, loading device installed in upper part of separator with possibility of SDW supply into its centre, pneumatic blowing system installed so that it is capable of blowing light SDW fraction to the separator centre in the direction opposite to centrifugal force action, located in the separator lower part cut-off units for unloading each of five separated fractions into annular receivers.

EFFECT: technical result is higher efficiency of SDW separation, as well as reduced environmental pollution.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of municipal services and is used to separate (separate) fresh solid waste from urban and village containers for collecting solid household waste supplied by garbage trucks directly to plants for separation, processing and reuse of solid waste, bypassing landfills and landfills.

Centrifugal-pneumatic separators of solid household waste operate as part of the equipment of the Pilot Unit, and after testing and testing the units and systems of the Pilot Unit, as part of the Separation, Processing and Recycling Plants designed by the authors.

The essence of the invention is that:

a) the division of fresh MSW into groups of similar materials, convenient for further processing and recycling, occurs with the help of centrifugal forces arising on a screw-shaped rotating apparatus, as well as with the help of pneumatic blowing of light fractions of MSW in the direction opposite to the action of centrifugal forces.

b) the technological process is designed so that the separation, processing and recycling of solid waste occurs without intermediate storage of solid waste at landfills and landfills.

c) the technological process is carried out without the use of process water, and therefore without the need for its purification, which greatly simplifies and reduces the cost of the process of processing solid waste.

The main components of the centrifugal-pneumatic separator are (see Fig. 1): skip hoist 1, disintegrator 2, loading device 3, screw separator 4, ring-shaped catchers, that is, containers for receiving separated material 5, pneumatic system for blowing off light fractions MSW in the opposite direction to the action of centrifugal forces 6.

The invention improves the efficiency of separation and processing of solid waste, introducing into the economic circulation millions of tons of useful resources, forever relieving us of such concepts as "garbage dump" and "solid waste landfill", saving the land of Russia and underground waters of our country from poisoning by decomposing household waste, and the air basin around our cities from extremely toxic, carcinogenic substances - dioxins and furans, inevitably formed during low-temperature incineration of non-separated household waste.

Known devices for separating mining and chemical raw materials, for example, "Screw pneumatic separator", patent No. 2194581

The invention relates to the field of enrichment of mining and chemical raw materials. The pneumatic separator consists of a vertically installed working separation chamber in the form of a screw-shaped closed chute, a loading nozzle, an upper nozzle for unloading tailings and a lower one for unloading concentrate, a device for injecting the main air flow, while the chute is installed around the supporting body with the possibility of rotation, and is equipped with riffles and flow rippers, and in the feed section of the source material is equipped with a plate - a suspended bottom for separating the incoming jets of the source material from the high-density particles sliding downward, while the device for injecting the main air flow is located at the bottom.

Considering the prototype (Screw pneumatic separator according to patent No. 2194581), it should be noted that it contains design features that make it difficult to use for the purposes of the present invention, although centrifugal forces on the screw surface and the pneumatic component of the technology are present in both separators. What are the differences?

In the prototype, the material to be separated, fed into the separator from the top, is divided into two parts: into the so-called "tails", (ie waste rock, relatively light, including dust and fines), discharged from the upper branch pipe using the air flow pumped by the pneumatic system from below, and "concentrate". In this case, a heavy material moving down the helical chute under the action of gravity and discharged from the lower branch pipe.

In the patented centrifugal-pneumatic separator (see Fig. 1) MSW is fed to the upper part of the device using a skip elevator 1, divided into relatively equal fragments in a disintegrator 2, loaded by means of a loading device 3 onto the surface of the screw separator 4.

In contrast to the prototype, the material (MSW) loaded in the center of the helical separator 4, in its upper part, is divided into five component parts by density during the rotation of the separator from the action of centrifugal forces. For unloading each of the five components of MSW in the lower part of the screw-shaped separator there is a discharge edge 7 with cut-off devices 6 so that the discharge surface of the screw separator overlaps all the annular catchers and, separated on the surface of the screw separator into fractions of solid waste, fall into the corresponding annular catchers. MSW is separated into fractions under the action of centrifugal forces due to the different density of the MSW constituent parts entering the helical surface of the separator during its rotation.

It is known that the centrifugal force of inertia arises in a rotating frame of reference, and the process is described by the formula:

Where: m is the mass of the solid waste fragment;

a _n - acceleration of a fragment of solid waste moving along the surface of the screw separator;

ω - angular velocity of a moving MSW fragment;

- радиус - вектор, направленный перпендикулярно оси вращения от нее.

- radius - a vector directed perpendicular to the axis of rotation from it.

The process of separating solid waste is also influenced by the angle of inclination of the screw surface

We have the formula: ma = mg _X + N + F _TP + F

where mg _X = mg sin α

Where: g _X - free fall acceleration;

α is the angle of inclination of the helical line of the separator.

Thus, the greater the body mass, the greater the forces of inertia and, accordingly, the centrifugal forces separating the MSW fragments according to their density, and the greater the angle of inclination of the helix, and the lower the friction force, the faster the MSW fragment will move from the center of the separator to its periphery. and fall during unloading into an annular collector of the solid waste fraction, which is more distant from the center.

The centrifugal force of inertia in light fragments of MSW, for example, in polyethylene and polycarbonate films, is less and this slows down their movement from the center of the screw separator to its periphery, but the friction force in light fragments of MSW will be less, and this could allow them to move faster to the periphery screw surface, but they are held at the center by the pneumatic blowing system 6, thereby increasing the separation effect.

The vibration forces from the suspended vibrator 8 on the rotating screw separator will reduce the friction forces, and provide faster movement of heavy MSW fragments to the periphery of the screw separator, also increasing the separation effect.

The separation process of various fractions of solid waste continues on other devices of the Pilot Plant for separating solid waste, operating separately from the centrifugal-pneumatic separator, for example, a magnetic separator, an electrostatic separator, a jaw crusher, a vibrating screen.

Claims (1)

A device for centrifugal-pneumatic separation of solid domestic waste (MSW), containing a screw separator installed with the ability to rotate around its axis, hanging vibrators of a screw separator, a loading device installed in the upper part of the separator with the possibility of supplying MSW to its center, a pneumatic blowing system installed with the possibility of blowing the light fraction of solid waste to the center of the separator in the direction opposite to the action of centrifugal forces, located in the lower part of the separator for unloading each of the five separated fractions into annular receivers.

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