RU2733191C1 - Shooting ballistic test complex - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons.

SUBSTANCE: shooting ballistic test complex comprises a ballistic machine mounted on a bench, a ballistic device fixed on a ballistic machine, comprising a base with a support plane with a housing of a ballistic device with a longitudinal hole installed on it, a ballistic weapon comprising a barrel and a receiver barrel with battle ledges, a locking mechanism including a stem of the bolt, a bolt head with thrust supports, and a ballistic weapon attachment mechanism. Said barrel consists of three parts. Combat head thrusts interact with combat ledges of the first part of barrel receiver. Ballistic weapon fastening mechanism is equipped with a nut screwed into the internal thread of the second part of the barrel receiver until it thrusts against the support tapered end surface made in the first part of the barrel receiver, which by the end face surface interacts with the front end surface of the third part of the barrel receiver. To measure accuracy of firing fired equipment and flight speeds of missile outfit, ballistic weapon fastening mechanism is equipped with clamp with resilient element.

EFFECT: technical result is simple design of small ballistic test system, shorter duration and volume of acceptance tests of cartridges, high accuracy of estimating ballistic characteristics of cartridges owing to simultaneous measurement of pressure of powder gases, speed of flight, accuracy of firing per one shot from one ballistic weapon.

3 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of testing ammunition for small arms. A shooting ballistic test complex includes a ballistic weapon with a device for securing it and is a set of functionally combined structures, equipment, measuring instruments, test instruments, test equipment and auxiliary devices designed for testing ammunition for small arms. A ballistic weapon with a device for securing it is a test tool designed for firing a shot during testing of propellants and cartridges when measuring flight speeds, powder gas pressure and firing accuracy of projectile equipment. Ballistic weapons, depending on the measured characteristics, are subdivided into:

- high-speed (for measuring the flight speed of the missile equipment of small arms cartridges);

- crusher (for measuring the pressure of powder gases of small arms cartridges);

- accuracy (to measure the accuracy of fire of the missile equipment of small arms cartridges).

To measure the flight velocities of the projectile equipment and the pressure of the powder gases of the central combat small arms cartridges, a small ballistic complex is known, consisting of a ballistic weapon, a device for attaching ballistic barrels according to OST 3-3635-77 and a universal small arms machine according to OST 3-3634-77. Ballistic weapons consist of a barrel, a receiver, a locking mechanism, which is a locking mechanism of a rifle of 1891/1930 (see Material part of small arms, book 1, edited by Blagonravov Α.Α., published by Oborongiz NKAP, g. Moscow, 1945, p. 100). Fastening of ballistic weapons in the device is carried out by movable rods moving in the inclined grooves of the device and entering the grooves of the receiver of the modular ballistic weapon. The ballistic weapon attachment is attached to the front and rear mounts of the universal small arms machine.

The disadvantages of this design are:

- the measurement of the flight speeds of the projectile equipment is made from high-speed ballistic weapons, and the pressure of the powder gases - from the crushed ballistic weapons having different shots, due to which different wear and different sizes of the channel and bullet entrance of the barrel, which makes the assessment of the obtained ballistic characteristics less accurate ( the flight speeds of the projectile equipment and the pressure of the powder gases);

- the applied scheme of fixing the ballistic weapon module in the device with rods moving at an angle, skews the axis of the ballistic weapon barrel relative to the receiver in the device. In addition, the rigid fixation of ballistic weapons is not ensured, due to which, when firing, increased barrel vibrations occur, leading to an increase in the accuracy of fire, exceeding the permissible standards, therefore this complex cannot be used for acceptance tests of cartridges for accuracy of fire;

- a complex design of the locking mechanism of a ballistic weapon, which has a large number of areas on the bolt stem weakened by the transverse grooves, due to which, with tight extractions of the shot sleeve, its front part is bent, causing the need for editing;

- the ejector pressed into the groove of the bolt head, in the event of a rupture of the rifle cartridge sleeve in the area of the protruding flange, is bent over the springy part of the plate shape and cannot be corrected;

- the design of the ballistic device does not allow it to be installed on a ballistic machine according to OST 3-4152-78, which is used to check the accuracy of fire of the projectile equipment of cartridges.

Known shooting ballistic complex for measuring the accuracy of fire of missile equipment of small arms of the central battle, containing a stand fixed on the foundation, a ballistic machine according to OST 3-4152-78, installed on the stand, ballistic device PB-1 according to OST 3-3986-78, mounted on a ballistic machine, an accuracy ballistic weapon mounted on the basis of a ballistic device. A precision ballistic weapon is a test tool used to measure the accuracy of fire of a projectile's ammunition. A precision ballistic weapon is a sporting rifle of an arbitrary class without a stock, mounted on a ballistic device PB-1 according to OST 3-3986-78.

The disadvantages of this design are:

- on this rifle complex, it is possible to measure only the accuracy of fire of the projectile equipment, and the flight speed of the projectile equipment and the pressure of the powder gases are measured on another ballistic weapon, high-speed and crash, respectively. A separate system for measuring the characteristics of a cartridge increases the time and volume of tests of a batch of cartridges, gives a biased and less accurate assessment of the tested characteristics, since the barrels of high-speed, crasher and accuracy ballistic weapons have a different shot, which leads to different wear and different sizes of the channel and bullet entrance of the barrel;

- the design of the locking mechanism included in each sample of an accuracy ballistic weapon is rather complicated to manufacture, which increases the cost of this weapon. The probability of failure-free operation of an accuracy ballistic weapon equal to 0.8 corresponds to a shot of ≈ 1000 shots, which leads to the need to use more of this weapon in the production of cartridges and, consequently, to an increase in the cost of a cartridge;

- for the simultaneous measurement of flight speeds and the accuracy of fire of the projectile equipment and the pressure of the powder gases, a complex refinement of the accuracy of ballistic weapons and devices for securing them is required.

The objective of the claimed invention is to simplify the design of a small-arms ballistic test complex, to reduce the time and volume of acceptance tests of cartridges, to improve the accuracy of assessing the ballistic characteristics of cartridges.

The technical result consists in providing the possibility of simultaneous measurement of the pressure of powder gases, flight speed, accuracy of fire in one shot from one ballistic weapon.

The task is achieved by the fact that the shooting ballistic test complex contains a ballistic machine mounted on a stand, a ballistic device mounted on a ballistic machine, including a base with a support plane with a ballistic device body mounted on it with a longitudinal hole, a ballistic weapon containing a barrel and a receiver, the first part of which is connected to the barrel and is made with combat ledges, a locking mechanism including a bolt stem, a bolt head with lugs, and a ballistic weapon attachment mechanism. The receiver consists of three parts, the second part of the receiver is made in the form of a cylindrical bushing with an internal thread and installed in the longitudinal hole of the ballistic device body with the coincidence of the transverse cut in the bushing with a mating cut in the ballistic device body, the third part of the receiver is fixed on the base of the ballistic device and is connected to the second part of the receiver, in the third part of the receiver there is a bolt stem connected to the bolt head, the lugs of which interact with the combat ledges of the first part of the receiver, located in the hole in the second part of the receiver, the ballistic weapon mounting mechanism is equipped with a nut screwed in into the internal thread of the second part of the receiver until it stops in the supporting tapered end surface made in the first part of the receiver, which interacts with the front end surface of the third hour with the rear end surface STI receiver. To measure the accuracy of fire of the projectile equipment and the flight speeds of the projectile equipment, the ballistic weapon attachment mechanism is equipped with a clamp with an elastic element. The clamp is made in a T-shape, while the protruding part of the clamp is located in the transverse cut of the sleeve and the body, and the elastic element acts on the outer surface of the second part of the receiver.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, which show:

in fig. 1 is a general view of a rifle ballistic test complex;

in fig. 2 is a general view of a ballistic device with an installed ballistic weapon;

in fig. 3 - view A in FIG. 2;

in fig. 4 is a general view of a ballistic weapon with a barrel and a bolt head;

in fig. 5 - view B in Fig. 4 (the barrel is press-fit with the first part of the receiver);

in fig. 6 - view B in Fig. 4 (the barrel is threaded to the first part of the receiver);

in fig. 7 is a general view of the locking mechanism of a ballistic weapon.

The shooting ballistic test complex consists of a stand 1, fixed on the foundation, a ballistic machine 2, installed on a stand 1, a ballistic device 3, fixed on a ballistic machine 2, a ballistic weapon 4, fixed in a ballistic device 3. The complex also includes measuring instruments 5 for registering the pressure of powder gases, the speed of flight of bullets and the accuracy of fire of combat, sports and hunting cartridges.

The ballistic weapon 4 consists of a barrel 6, the first part 7 of the receiver with combat ledges 8, a head 9 with lugs 10, a striker 11 and a mechanism 12 for extracting the spent cartridge case from the chamber.

The first part 7 of the receiver can be connected to the barrel 6 by a press fit and fixed with pins 13 (Fig. 5) or a threaded connection (Fig. 6). To the combat ledges 8 of the first part 7 of the receiver, the combat stops 10 of the head 9 are adjusted according to the checkers.

The first part 7 of the receiver is provided with a conical support surface 14 in the front part, a plane 15 in the upper part and a longitudinal groove 16 in the lower part.

The ballistic device 3 consists of a base 17 with a support plane 18 on which the body 19 is fixed and a support plane 20 on which the third part 21 of the receiver, the second part 22 of the receiver, the stem 23 of the bolt, the striker 24, the trigger mechanism 25, the clamp 26 , nuts 27 with an external thread 28 with a through hole with a support cone 29 corresponding to the support conical surface 14 on the first part 7 of the receiver.

The second part 22 of the receiver is made in the form of a cylindrical sleeve with an internal thread 30, an internal smooth cylindrical hole 31 and a transverse cut 32.

The third part 21 of the receiver is connected to the base 17 of the device and has a front end surface 33 perpendicular to the hole 34 for the stem 23 of the bolt. To the end of the third part 21 of the receiver is attached the second part 22 of the receiver, which is installed in the longitudinal hole 35 in the housing 19. A groove 36, which is blind in the longitudinal direction and through in the transverse direction, passes through the housing 19. The cut parts of the housing 19, when fixing, press the second part 22 of the receiver, thereby reducing the vibrations of the first part 7 of the receiver with the barrel 6 that occur when firing.

The first part 7 of the receiver is installed in the second part 22 of the receiver, while the rear end surface 37 of the first part 7 of the receiver is pressed by the nut 27 to the front end surface 33 of the third part 21 of the receiver. The nut 27 is screwed into the internal thread 30 of the second part 22 of the receiver until it stops with its tapered surface 29 in the supporting tapered end surface 14 of the first part 7 of the receiver. The barrel 6 passes through the inner hole of the nut 27 without touching its walls.

The third part 21 and the second part 22 of the receiver, assembled with the housing 19, are laid on the support planes 18 and 20 of the base 17 of the ballistic device 3. The first part 7 of the receiver, connected to the barrel 6, is additionally fixed through the elastic element 38 by the protruding part of the clamp 26, placed in the transverse cut 39 of the housing 19. The clamp 26 acts on the plane 15 at the top of the first part 7 of the receiver, which further reduces the vibrations of the receiver during the shot when controlling the accuracy. From turning when tightening the nut 27 of the first part 7 of the receiver is the catch 40 of the receiver, which is included in the longitudinal groove 16 of the first part 7 of the receiver.

The locking mechanism 41 of the ballistic weapon 4 consists of a bolt stem 23 located in the third part 21 of the receiver, connected to the head 9 located in the first part 7 of the receiver.

In the lower part of the base 6 of the device there are ground planes 42 for installing the ballistic device 3 on the ballistic machine 2. For example, a ballistic machine according to OST 3-4152-78 or a universal machine for small arms according to OCT 3-3634-77 can be used. For fastening to the ballistic machine 2, in the lower part of the base 6 of the device there are threaded holes 43, as well as through holes 44.

Shooting ballistic test complex operates as follows.

On stand 1, a ballistic machine 2 is installed, on which a ballistic device 3 is fixed.

The first part 7 of the receiver, connected to the barrel 6, is inserted into the opening of the second part of the receiver 31. In this case, the rear end surface 37 of the first part 7 of the receiver is pressed by the nut 27 to the front end surface 33 of the third part 21 of the receiver. From turning when tightening the nut 27 of the first part of the receiver 7 serves the catch 40 of the receiver, which is included in the longitudinal groove 16 of the first part 7 of the receiver. The nut 27 is screwed into the second part 22 of the receiver until it stops with its tapered surface 29 into the supporting tapered end surface 14 of the first part 7 of the receiver, centering it and imparting the necessary rigidity to the structure when firing. To give rigidity to the structure when measuring the accuracy of firing of the projectile equipment and the flight speeds of the projectile equipment, the first part 7 of the receiver can be additionally fixed by a clamp 26 through an elastic element 38. When firing, an elastic element 38 dampens vibrations of a ballistic weapon 4. In a ballistic weapon 4, a part of the locking mechanism 41 is located in the form of a head 9, a mechanism 12 for extracting a sleeve and a firing pin 11. The rest of the mechanisms necessary for firing a shot are placed in a ballistic device 3: a trigger 25, an impact mechanism 24, a reflecting mechanism and part of a locking mechanism 41 in the form of a bolt stem 23. In the locking mechanism 41, the bolt head 9 is assembled with the bolt stem 23. The assembled locking mechanism 41 is installed in the hole 34 of the third part 21 of the receiver. The test cartridge is inserted into the chamber of the barrel 6 of the ballistic weapon 4. The locking mechanism 41 moves forward and rotates so that the lugs 10 of the head 9 go behind the combat ledges 8 of the first part 7 of the receiver.

To fire a shot, it is necessary to press the trigger 25, which, interacting with the percussion mechanism 24, activates it. Impact mechanism 24, acting on the firing pin 11, strikes the cartridge igniter, a shot occurs. During the shot, a pressure sensor is used to register the pressure curve of the powder gases. On a section of a trajectory of a certain length, a measuring unit records the time of flight of this section by a bullet, which is converted into the flight speed of the projectile equipment. At the end of the distance, a target is set, with the help of which the accuracy of the firing of the projectile equipment is determined. With the help of measuring instruments 5, the pressure of the powder gases, the flight speed of the projectile equipment and the accuracy of fire are recorded.

Thus, the proposed design of a small ballistic test complex allows to simplify the design of a small ballistic test complex, to reduce the time and volume of acceptance tests of cartridges, to increase the accuracy of assessing the ballistic characteristics of cartridges by simultaneously measuring the pressure of powder gases, flight speed, and accuracy of fire in one shot. from one ballistic weapon.

Claims (3)

1. A shooting ballistic test complex containing a ballistic machine mounted on a stand, a ballistic device mounted on a ballistic machine, including a base with a reference plane with a ballistic device body with a longitudinal hole installed on it, a ballistic weapon containing a barrel and a receiver, the first part of which connected to the barrel and made with combat ledges, a locking mechanism including a bolt stem, a bolt head with lugs, and a ballistic weapon attachment mechanism, characterized in that the receiver consists of three parts, the second part of the receiver is made in the form of a cylindrical sleeve with an inner threaded and installed in the longitudinal hole of the ballistic device body with the coincidence of the transverse cut in the sleeve with the mating cut in the ballistic device body, the third part of the receiver is fixed on the base of the ballistic device and connected to the second part of the receiver, in the third part of the receiver there is a bolt stem connected to the bolt head, the lugs of which interact with the combat ledges of the first part of the receiver located in the hole in the second part of the receiver, the ballistic weapon mounting mechanism is equipped with a nut screwed into the internal thread the second part of the receiver until it stops against the supporting tapered end surface made in the first part of the receiver, which interacts with the front end surface of the third part of the receiver with its rear end surface. 2. The shooting ballistic test complex according to claim 1, characterized in that for measuring the accuracy of fire of the projectile equipment and the flight speeds of the projectile equipment, the ballistic weapon attachment mechanism is equipped with a clamp with an elastic element. 3. A shooting ballistic test complex according to claim 2, characterized in that the clamp is T-shaped, the protruding part of the clamp is located in the transverse cut of the sleeve and the body, and the elastic element acts on the outer surface of the second part of the receiver.

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