RU2732106C1 - Under-channel filter water intake of bucket structure - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to hydraulic engineering, namely to water intake structures used for water intake on mountain and foothill areas of rivers with complex geological conditions. Under-water filtering water intake comprises water-collecting element and filtering water intake in river bed. Water collection element is made in the form of a rectangular cross-section ladle and is installed across the river bed in the place of no washout, in which there is a filtering water receiver made of perforated pipes of equal length. Initial section of pipes is fixed with reinforced concrete. Gravel is laid around the pipes, rock-by-layer is placed above the level of bed bottom. Inside the pipes there installed are flushing tubes of smaller diameter with cylindrical nozzles, which are laid in the centre of perforated pipes, the wellhead part of which enters the chamber of the water-collecting well.EFFECT: technical result is higher reliability of bucket under-water inlet filter water intake.1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hydraulic engineering, in particular to water intake structures used for water intake in mountainous and foothill sections of rivers with difficult geological conditions. Known water intake, containing perforated water intake pipes, laid in a layer of filtering dust, a protective screen made of stacked in a row with a gap of the rods, connected on the lower side of the hollow pipes. Inside the hollow pipes, additional pipes with a gap are fixed at the bottom, which are made of a soft elastic material with micropores. Additional pipes are pneumatically connected to the cavity for supplying compressed air by the compressor (RF patent No. 2254415, class E02B 9 / 04,2005 - analogue).

The main disadvantages of this technical solution are the complexity of the design and the need for an additional device for supplying air.

Known underflow filtering water intake of a combined design (RF patent No. 2518634, class E03B 3/32, 2014 - prototype), used for water intake in river sections with difficult hydrological conditions and containing a drainage element, filtering water intake in the river bed, tubular water intake from perforated pipes.

The main disadvantages of the water intake are low resistance to erosion associated with the light construction of mattresses, the transverse arrangement of mattresses, leading to sediment retention at the water intake and the difficulty of using them in mountainous and foothill areas of rivers.

The technical result of the invention is to improve the reliability and efficiency of the bucket underflow filtering water intake in difficult geological conditions in mountainous and foothill areas of rivers.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the under-channel filtering water intake, containing the water collecting element and the filtering water intake in the river bed, according to the invention, the water collecting element is made in the form of a bucket of rectangular section and is installed across the river bed in the place where there is no erosion, in which the filter water intake made of perforated pipes of equal length, the initial section of which is fixed with a reinforced concrete surcharge, gravel is laid around the pipes, on top of which a rock fill is placed to the level of the channel bottom, and inside the pipes there are flushing pipes of a smaller diameter with cylindrical nozzles laid in the center of perforated pipes, the mouth of which enters the chamber drainage well.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by a drawing, where FIG. 1 shows a cross-section of the structure along the axis of the perforated pipe of the receiving ladle; in fig. 2 - the same in the plan; in fig. 3 is a cross-section of a flushing pipe with cylindrical nozzles; in fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a rockfill gravel pack.

The underflow filtering water intake of the bucket structure consists of a drainage element in the form of a rectangular bucket 1, arranged in the indelible bottom of the river bed section 2 and a filtering water intake made of a perforated pipe 3, around which a gravel filter is laid 4. Inside the perforated pipes 3, washing pipes 5 of a smaller diameter are arranged with cylindrical nozzles 6, laid in the center of perforated pipes of equal length. In the receiving bucket 1, the initial section of the perforated pipes 3 is fixed with a reinforced concrete surcharge 7, fixing their design position from displacement. The volume of the receiving bucket around the perforated pipes is filled with a gravel filter 4, while from the top of the gravel filter in the receiving bucket 1, a rock fill 8 is laid to the level of the bottom of the channel 2, which provides additional protection against erosion, while the mouth part 9 of the tubular water intake enters the chamber of the catchment well 10. The flushing pipes 5 through the supply pipes in the catchment well 10 are connected to the pressure line 11 of the pumps 12.

The underflow filtering water intake of the bucket structure is arranged as follows.

In the process of surveying, a gate is installed for the construction of a bucket underflow filtering water intake on the river. They equip the construction site, arrange a drainage system for pumping water out of the pit in the form of a bucket 1. From the construction site, on the site at the bottom of the river 2, in place of the pit under the water intake bucket 1, a fence is made from Larsen's tongue with the help of a vibratory pile driver. A pit is being developed for the bucket under-channel water intake. A part of the gravel filter 4 is installed at the bottom of the excavation, where the installation of perforated pipes 3 with flushing pipes 5. Flushing pipes 5 with nozzles 6 are inserted and fixed in the perforated pipes prior to their installation at the construction site. With the help of a reinforced concrete weight 7, the inlet part of the perforated pipes 3 is fixed in the receiving bucket 1. The reinforced concrete weight 7 ensures the reliability of the structure from erosion of the bottom 2 of the river bed. The perforated pipeline 3 is connected to the wellhead of the catchment well 10. The flushing pipes are connected to the pressure line 11 of the pumps 12. After these operations and the construction of the catchment well, the intake bucket 1 of the underflow filtering structure is filled with a gravel filter 4 to a certain level, which ensures the necessary capture of water from the source. From the top of the gravel pack 4 in the receiving bucket 1, the rock fill 8 is laid to the level of the bottom 2 of the channel, which creates additional protection of the structure from erosion.

Bucket underflow filtering water intake works as follows.

The underflow filtering water intake of the bucket design is designed to provide the required flow rates in water supply systems during the low-water period of the river. Receiving bucket 1 for capturing water operates at minimum river levels in the range of 0.1-0.3 m.At minimum levels in the receiving bucket 1, the necessary pressures are created due to the position of the axis of the perforated pipe 3 relative to the river bottom, providing directional filtration of water from the river through gravel filter 4 into perforated pipe 3, from where water enters the mouth of the catchment well 10. The minimum heads on the structure in the range of 1.0-1.2 m are created by the level difference between the river and the water depth in the catchment well 10. The filtration flow rates are determined by the diameter and the number of holes on the perforated pipe 3, as well as the size of the fractional composition of the gravel filter 4. When the pressure in the structure decreases due to clogging of the gravel filter 4 and the holes of the perforated pipe 3, a washing device is turned on, consisting of a washing pipe 5, on which there are cylindrical nozzles 6. The reverse flow of water from the pump 12, through the pressure line 11 of the pumps 12, water under pressure is sent to the washing device, which, due to excess pressure, washes the holes of the perforated pipe 3 and the gravel filter 4. The frequency of washing the receiving bucket 1 depends on the turbidity of the stream in the river. In case of floods, the bucket underflow filtering water intake is guaranteed to provide the required flow rates.

The underflow filtering water intake of a bucket structure can be used in difficult geological conditions in mountainous and foothill areas of rivers with folded hard clay rocks. The reliability of the water intake design ensures the capture of water during low-water periods, which allows its effective use both in drinking water supply systems and for irrigation of crops in conditions of moisture deficit in the fields, providing year-round water supply to consumers.

Claims (1)

An underflow filtering water intake containing a water collecting element and a filtering water intake in the river bed, characterized in that the water collecting element is made in the form of a rectangular bucket and is installed across the river bed in the place where there is no erosion, in which a filtering water intake is located, made of perforated pipes of equal length, initial the section of which is fixed with a reinforced concrete surcharge, gravel is laid around the pipes, on top of which a rock fill is placed to the level of the channel bottom, and inside the pipes there are flushing pipes of a smaller diameter with cylindrical nozzles laid in the center of perforated pipes, the mouth of which enters the catchment chamber chamber.

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