RU2095524C1 - Device for taking and purifying water from surface water sources - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: water supply systems. SUBSTANCE: this is intended for taking and purifying water directly in surface water sources. In device, filtering water intake with floating charging is made in the form of top-closed casing with above-filter and below-filter spaces which is located inside top-open casing. Arranged above this water intake is floatation zone with perforated pipe system which through pressure tank with ejector is connected with pipe of reduced diameter, and this pipe is connected to pressure pipe union of pump. EFFECT: high efficiency. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to water supply and is intended for water intake from surface sources and its reagent-free purification directly in these sources.

Known water intake-cleaning devices, the main cleaning element of which is a filtering water intake, in these devices is provided clarification (reduction of suspended solids) of water to a certain extent. However, these structures do not provide a decrease in the color of water, the removal of oil products, oils and other emulsified liquid substances, do not prevent the penetration of fry of fish and plankton into the water supply systems [1]
Closest to the invention in technical essence is a device for water intake from surface sources, containing a filtering water inlet in the form of a housing with a floating charge and a drainage system connected by a gravity pipe to a pump located in the onshore structure, and a pipe of reduced diameter is connected to the pressure pipe of the pump ejector [2] The device is able to clarify water, but does not provide a decrease in the color of water, the removal of oil products, oils and other emulsified liquid substances in, it does not preclude the possibility of penetration of water in fish larvae and plankton.

 The aim of the invention is to improve the quality of water produced from a source of water and to prevent fish and plankton from entering the water supply system.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that the filter receiver with a floating charge, which is a top-closed housing with a filter space and a filter space closed by a grid, is located inside the open top housing, in which a flotation zone is located directly above the filter water intake, in the lower part of which there is a perforated tubular a system that is connected through a pressure tank with an ejector and a pipe of reduced diameter, and between the open fil truyuschim water inlet gap is provided, in addition, the pump pressure pipe is further connected to the wash pipe in which there is a valve.

 The location of the top-closed filter water intake in the lower part of the top-open housing and the presence of a gap between these housings make it possible to ensure the movement of water first through the flotation zone and then through the filter layer. The location in the lower part of the flotation zone of a perforated tubular system connected to a pressure tank and an ejector located on a pipe of reduced diameter, connected to a pressure pipe of the pump, allows for pressure flotation in the flotation zone, in which water is clarified and bleached, removed from it petroleum products, oils and other pollutants. In addition, a large number of small air bubbles rising vertically up during pressure flotation “scares away” fish fry and prevents plankton from entering the water intake. Connection of a flushing pipe with a valve to the pressure port of the pump allows for periodic flushing of the filter intake. When washing, "distillation" of the foam from the water intake and treatment device is provided, which can stagnate in inactive zones of the reservoir. Thus, the device allows you to provide directly in the water source two-stage reagent-free water treatment.

 The drawing schematically shows the installation for the intake and purification of water.

 The device comprises an open top 1 box, which is installed on the bottom of the water source. The upper part of the box 1 is a flotation zone 2. Inside the box 1, under the flotation zone, there is a casing 3, which is closed on top. In the casing there is a layer of a light grained filtering charge 4 (for example, of expanded polystyrene). On top of the filter layer is limited to mesh 5 (or the holding layer). Between the lower edge of the layer 4 and the bottom 6, a washing space 7 is provided, the height of which is recommended at least 30% of the thickness of the filter layer. This space is enclosed by a mesh 8, which prevents the filter loading from being washed out of the housing 3. In the space between the mesh 5 and the upper cover of the housing 3, there is a drainage system 9 connected to a gravity pipe 10 on which there is a valve 11. Directly above the housing 3 inside the box 1, a perforated tubular system 12 is located, connected by a pipe 13 to a pressure tank 14. The installation also includes a shore well, consisting of a switching chamber 15 and a water receiving chamber 16, in which valve 17 of pump 18. A pressure pipe 19 with a valve 20 and a flushing pipe 21 with a valve 22, which in turn is connected to a gravity pipe 10, are connected to the pressure pipe of the pump 18. A reduced diameter pipe 23 with a valve 24 and an ejector is connected to the pressure pipe 19. 25. This pipe is also connected to the pressure tank 14. The diameter of the pipe 23 must be so correlated with the diameter of the pressure pipe 19 that 10-15% of the total volume of water flowing into the pipe 19 is passed through the pipe 23. This is necessary to ensure normal pressure flotation mode. The pressure tank 14 should be calculated for the residence time of the water transported through the pipe 23, for approximately two minutes under a pressure of 0.6-0.8 MPa.

 Installation works as follows.

УВ и уровнем воды в водоприемной камере

А. Благодаря этому, вода из источника поступает сначала во флотационную зону 2 короба 1, где путем напорной флотации обеспечивается снижение ее цветности, удаление масел, нефтепродуктов, планктона, части твердой взвеси и других плавающих веществ. Пройдя флотационную очистку, исходная вода через зазор между коробом 1 и корпусом 3, а затем через сетку 8 поступает в нижнюю часть корпуса 3, движется снизу вверх через слой фильтрующей загрузки 4, где задерживаются не удаленные флотацией частицы взвеси, собирается дренажной системой 9 и по самотечной трубе 10 поступает в водоприемную камеру 16 берегового колодца. Из камеры 16 через приемный клапан 17 вода забирается насосом 18 и по напорному трубопроводу 19 подается в систему водоснабжения. При этом часть воды (10-15% от общего расхода), подаваемой насосом 18, поступает по трубе 23 через эжектор 25 в напорный бачок 14, откуда по трубе 13 направляется в перфорированную систему 12. Эжектор 25 обеспечивает насыщение воды атмосферным воздухом, а напорный бачок 14 растворение под давлением этого воздуха в воде. При выходе водо-воздушной смеси из перфорированной системы 12 образуется большое количество мелких пузырьков воздуха и таким образом в зоне 2 обеспечивается режим напорной флотации. Пузырьки воздуха с удаляемыми из воды загрязнениями являются "отпугивающим" фактором для рыб разных размеров, включая мальков. Образовавшаяся пена уносится течением воды водоисточника или разбивается ветром. Таким образом, отпадает необходимость в системе по сбросу, удалению и утилизации пены. Это уменьшает эксплуатационные затраты на процесс флотации.In the water treatment mode, the valve 22 is closed and the valves 11, 20 and 24 are open. When the pump 18 is operating, a level difference is created between the water level in the water source

HC and water level in the intake chamber

A. Due to this, the water from the source first enters flotation zone 2 of box 1, where pressure flotation ensures a decrease in its color, removal of oils, petroleum products, plankton, part of solid suspension and other floating substances. After flotation treatment, the source water through the gap between the box 1 and the housing 3, and then through the mesh 8 enters the lower part of the housing 3, moves from bottom to top through a layer of filtering charge 4, where suspended particles not removed by flotation are suspended, collected by the drainage system 9 and the gravity pipe 10 enters the water intake chamber 16 of the shore well. From the chamber 16, through the inlet valve 17, water is drawn in by the pump 18 and fed through the pressure pipe 19 to the water supply system. At the same time, part of the water (10-15% of the total flow rate) supplied by the pump 18 enters through the pipe 23 through the ejector 25 into the pressure tank 14, from where it is sent through the pipe 13 to the perforated system 12. The ejector 25 ensures saturation of the water with atmospheric air, and the pressure tank 14 dissolution under pressure of this air in water. When the air-water mixture leaves the perforated system 12, a large number of small air bubbles are formed, and thus, pressure flotation mode is ensured in zone 2. Air bubbles with contaminants removed from the water are a “deterrent” factor for fish of various sizes, including fry. The resulting foam is carried away by the flow of water of the water source or is broken by the wind. Thus, there is no need for a system for the discharge, removal and disposal of foam. This reduces the operational cost of the flotation process.

 The dimensions of the gap between the duct 1 and the housing 3 must be taken so that the speed of water from top to bottom in the gap is less than the velocity of air bubbles in zone 2. This will prevent air from entering the housing 3.

 Box 1 and housing 3 may have a round, square or other shape in plan.

 To wash the filter layer 4, it is necessary to close the valves 11 and 24 and open the valve 22. In addition, if necessary, close (or close) the valve 20. The washing stream of water through the pipe 21 is directed to the filter space of the housing 3, moves from top to bottom through the filter loading layer 4, expanding this layer and removing pollution from it. Then, the flow of washing water leaves the housing 3 through the mesh 8, first moves up the gap between the housing 3 and the box 1, and then in zone 2 is removed from the installation.

Compared with the prototype, the installation according to the invention with approximately the same performance has the following advantages:
1. The quality of the water supplied to the water supply system is improved in terms of turbidity, color, oil products, oils and other emulsified liquid substances, as well as plankton. This, in turn, reduces the burden on water treatment plants, and in some cases eliminates the need to install these facilities.

 2. The reliability of water treatment in the intake increases, since in this case a two-stage treatment is provided.

 3. Provides fish protection in the intake structure.

 4. There is no need for a device for collecting, removing and disposing of foam.

 All these advantages give an economic effect.

 The invention can be used to extract water from surface water sources for drinking and industrial water supply in all sectors of the economy. Small capacity plants can be prefabricated and can also be used for temporary water supply, for field and military water supply.

Claims (1)

 Installation for the collection and purification of water from surface water sources, including a filtering water intake in the form of a housing with a floating charge and a drainage system with a gravity pipe that discharges purified water, and a pump with a pressure pipe to which an ejector is connected, characterized in that the filtering water intake housing is closed on top and having a lateral perforated surface in the lower part, is placed inside a box open at the top, in which a flotation zone equipped with a perforated tubular system for distributing air, which is connected by means of a pressure pipe to a pressure tank, an ejector and a nozzle of a pump pressure pipe.