RU2730759C1 - Method of training paratroopers and implementation device thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.SUBSTANCE: method relates to airborne training of personnel and can be used in simulators for training paratroopers. Paratroopers preparation method consists in the fact that the paratrooper takes its place in the parachute suspension system fixed on the training simulator frame and clothes the virtual reality glasses, and the instructor creates virtual space through the control computer and issues commands. Software based on 3D simulation creates virtual space, taking into account physical parameters, dynamics of parachute lowering and various parameters of environment, using sensors, fixing effects performed by trained paratrooper on elements of suspended parachute system. After leaving the simulated aircraft, the paratrooper is blown by the airflow to simulate the effect of the air flow. Functional device provides change of movement of body of paratrooper in space at free fall and opening of parachute. Landing is simulated by running track coordinated with virtual reality glasses.EFFECT: higher level of training of paratroopers.4 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The method relates to the field of airborne training of personnel and can be used in simulators for training paratroopers.

Known requirements for airborne training [7] and a number of devices for their implementation [8, 9].

A known method of training parachutists in a wind tunnel and a device that implements it [1, 2].

The method consists in the fact that parachutists are placed in a wind tunnel containing working zones with different air flow parameters. At the same time, parachutists have the opportunity to practice actions to control their bodies during a jump.

The disadvantage of this method is that it makes it possible to work out only individual elements of the landing, there is no possibility of working out, firstly, the parachutist's exit from the aircraft and landing, and secondly, the canopy control during the jump is not provided.

A known method of training parachutists on a simulator using parts of the aircraft structure and parachute suspension systems, as well as devices that implement it [3, 4]. The method consists in the fact that, on command, paratroopers (paratroopers) approach the door in the simulated part of the fuselage of the aircraft (aircraft or helicopter) and alternately leave the fuselage through the door, then the parachute with the harness, fixed on the manipulator cable (crane or runner system), allows the parachutist (to the paratrooper) to train in taking the correct position of the body and limbs for the use of parachutes (main and reserve), to practice their deployment and landing. To enhance the psychosomatic effect on the parachutist, glasses with liquid crystal indicators can be put on his head to create a virtual space.

The disadvantage of this method is that it: firstly, ensures the inculcation of false skills and sensations, due to the fact that the distribution of the load and forces arising when the parachute is deployed, implemented by this method, does not correspond to the real effect on the parachutist when making a jump, the second does not provide the opportunity to form the necessary skills associated with damping the parachutist's flight speed before landing.

A known method of training parachutists on a simulator that simulates the direction of dynamic loads, as well as devices that implement it [5]. The method consists in the fact that the trained (trained) parachutist takes his place in the simulator in the seat on the shaft and is fixed in the seat by a harness with a parachute model, the simulator is rotated in a horizontal plane relative to the Earth's surface, after the parachute is deployed, braking begins, the rotation speed is extinguished to an intermediate value, and then to a complete stop. For parachute failover, the seat is rotated by the harness in a plane at an angle to the Earth's surface and in the same plane in which the shaft with the seat is located, with the parachutist attached. In this case, the rotation speed after opening the parachute decreases to an intermediate value, and the shaft with the seat rotates around its axis at a stable speed.

The disadvantage of this method is that it provides the instilling of false skills and sensations, due to the fact that it does not provide the ability to form the necessary associated skills for the parachutist to exit the aircraft, to practice canopy control during the jump, to extinguish the parachute after landing, as well as behavior skills a parachutist when exposed to wind currents identical to the natural effects of the Earth's atmosphere.

Closest to the claimed method, that is, the prototype, is a method of training parachutists on a parachutist simulator [6].

The method consists in the fact that a trainee (trained) parachutist takes his place in the parachute suspension system, fixed on the simulator frame, and virtual reality glasses are put on his head.

Software based on 3D simulation creates a virtual space, taking into account the physical parameters and dynamics of the parachute descent and various environmental parameters (types of parachute systems, time of day, weather conditions, terrain, altitude and flight speed).

In this case, the simulator simulates the impulse transmission of the resulting vector of accelerations, transmitted to the center of mass of the parachutist in the direction of movement of the trained (trained) parachutist, while the magnitudes and directions of accelerations fully correspond to the real jump, briefly affect the trainee (learner), while modeling the values and direction the resulting vector of accelerations and their duration of impact on the trainee are set by the control computer based on information about the trainee's (trainee's) mass, the amount of control lines retraction. In this case, the magnitudes and directions of the wind acceleration vector at different altitudes and the magnitudes and directions of the gravitational acceleration vector, acting on the center of mass of the parachutist when making a jump at any point of the descent trajectory, are used from statistical observations of the parachutist's activity during his controlled descent. When modeling the resulting vector of accelerations on the simulator, to take into account the influence of the values of the vectors, the indicators of the training mode are used (regular jump, working out of emergency situations).

Using sensors that record the impacts made by the trainee (trained) parachutist on the elements of the parachute harness attached to the simulator frame, the software generates a change in the virtual space, simulating the parachutist's movements in the air from the moment of leaving the aircraft (hereinafter referred to as the aircraft) to landing.

To enhance the psychosomatic effect, glasses with liquid crystal indicators may contain headphones that simulate environmental sounds.

The disadvantage of this method is that it ensures the instilling of false skills and sensations, due to the fact that it does not provide the possibility of the formation of the necessary related skills of the parachutist behavior when exposed to wind currents, identical to the natural effects of the Earth's atmosphere, control of the parachute canopy during the jump, finding the body , the trainee (trainee) in the correct position when maneuvering during the jump.

FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a device that implements the prototype method.

The device for implementing the prototype method consists of a connected control computer (1), a workstation for an instructor (teacher) (2), a backpack with a harness (3), control lines (4), virtual reality glasses (6) (also known as a virtual reality helmet) with built-in audio headphones (11), the frame of the simulator (5) with electric drives (7), a movable cart (8), an axial rotation drive (9), an electric drive for reeling (unwinding) control lines (10), a recording device the position of the hands (12) and the trainee (trainee) (13).

The work on this method is carried out as follows.

The trainee (trainee) (13) equips himself, puts on virtual reality glasses (6) with audio headphones (11), devices for registering the position of hands in the form of gloves (12), a backpack with a harness (3) and takes a position corresponding to the position of the paratrooper for separation from aircraft in the simulator frame (5). In this case, one of the hands of the paratrooper must squeeze the link of the manual deployment of the parachute system, which is on the knapsack with the harness (3). From the workplace of the instructor (teacher) (2), through the control computer (1), data on the mass of the trainee (trainee), the selected training mode on the simulator when working out regular and abnormal scenarios under various weather conditions are set.

Further, from the workplace of the instructor (teacher) (2) through the control computer (1), a program is launched that controls the simulator. Initially, simulation is carried out in virtual reality glasses (6) with audio headphones (11) of the moment the paratrooper leaves the aircraft, after the command "Go" the trainee (trainee) (13) makes an energetic forward push with his left leg while the electric drive (7) smoothly raises trainee (trainee) at the minimum distance up. The ascent time corresponds to the stabilized descent time. Trained (trainee) (13) receives visual, sound and dynamic accompaniment of a stabilized fall. Dynamic tracking consists in the impulse rotation of the trainee (learner) (13) around its axis with alternating directions of rotation, both clockwise and counterclockwise (due to the work of the axial rotation drive (9), in impulsive vibrations in the horizontal plane (for account of the simultaneous operation of electric drives (7).

When pulling out the link of manual deployment by the trainee (trainee) (13) parachutist, visual, sound and dynamic accompaniment of the opening of the main parachute system is performed. Dynamic tracking consists in the fastest ascent of the parachutist to the highest vertical position, while the electric drive (7), due to the unwinding of the lines, lifts the parachutist as quickly as possible, simulating a dynamic jerk, and provides an acceleration vector corresponding to a real dynamic jerk. The duration of impulse acceleration is limited by the geometric dimensions of the simulator, i.e. the trainee (trainee), due to the operation of the drive system, gains the required acceleration, but experiences it for a short time. At the same time, the trainee (trainee) (13) receives synchronized audio-video support through virtual reality glasses (6) with audio headphones (11), which consists in projecting changing scenes when the main parachute canopy enters the work and generating accompanying sounds.

To open the main canopy of the parachute simulated in virtual reality and control it, the trained (trained) parachutist moves the control lines (4). Information about the magnitudes of the displacements is sent to the control computer (1) of the electric drives for unwinding (reeling) the control lines (10). All the results of the trainee's (trainee's) actions are recorded by the software and hardware complex of the control computer (1) for subsequent automatic assessment; audio-video accompaniment is also simulated in virtual reality glasses (6) with audio headphones (11) and controlled dynamic accompaniment depending on the trainee's actions (trainee).

The axial rotation drive of the parachutist's suspension frame (9) creates nonlinear angular acceleration of rotation around its axis, depending on the relative position of the control lines (4) of the parachute system. For example, if a parachutist pulled the left control line down to the end, while the right control line was in the upper position, then he will complete the first 360-degree turn in 8 seconds, and the third in 4 seconds.

In preparation for landing, the trainee (trainee) analyzes the elements of the external environment projected in virtual reality glasses (6) with audio headphones (11). From a height of 25 ... 30 meters the trainee (trainee) completely releases the control lines (to the upper position), picks up the horizontal speed developed by the parachute system and at a height of 3 ... 6 meters, pulls in the control lines to the full length of the arms (down). In this case, a kind of "swelling" of the dome occurs and for a time of 1 ... 3 seconds, the vertical speed decreases to 2 meters per second. If the trainee (trainee) retracts the control lines to the full length of his arms (more than 6 meters in height) earlier, then after 3 or more seconds he acquires a vertical descent rate of more than 6 meters per second, which entails serious injuries from hitting the ground. As a result of the actions of the trainee (trainee), the software and hardware complex of the control computer (1) saves the necessary information about the actions of the parachutist for subsequent automatic assessment, simulates audio-video and dynamic accompaniments.

During the work of the simulator in virtual reality glasses (6) with audio headphones (11), the trainee (trainee) observes the harness created in the virtual environment, the elements of the dome or wing, the left and right control lines with links, the corrugation device, his hands through the recording device the position of the hands in the form of gloves (12), the landing area with sufficient detail depending on the altitude, the sun (moon), aircraft, meteorological conditions, etc. Audio accompaniment includes aircraft hum, wind sounds, sounds from the parachute system, voices on the landing site. Dynamic tracking of the parachutist's controlled descent at the time of preparation for landing is also provided by impulse movements of the mobile cart (8) and the axial rotation drive (9) along the trajectories set by the software and hardware complex of the control computer (1) depending on the position of the control lines (4), point in the trajectory of its descent when working out the jump scenario, the chosen training mode, taking into account the vector of wind acceleration at different heights and the acceleration of gravity acting on the center of mass of the parachutist. The end of dynamic tracking occurs after the feet touch the floor surface.

The disadvantage of the device is, firstly, the lack of an adequate controllable free fall phase, secondly, the impossibility of this suspension system of the parachutist to provide the centers of rotation of the body, as in real flight, and thirdly, the absence of wind effects on the trainee (trainee) identical to natural ones during imitation of a jump ( aircraft) and during piloting, in the fourth, there is no possibility of working out the landing mode at different speeds relative to the ground, depending on the parachute control.

The invention is based on the task of improving the quality of training parachutists, due to the development of behavior skills when exposed to wind currents identical to the natural effects of the Earth's atmosphere, control depending on the type of parachute system with a canopy or wing (hereinafter parachute), the use of a reserve parachute, the use of special equipment during landing.

To achieve this goal, in the method of training parachutists, additionally blowing air is introduced by the trained (trained) parachutist to simulate the effect of the air flow when performing a parachute jump, changing the directions and freedoms of the body of the trained (trained) parachutist during free fall and when opening the parachute, and also simulates the dynamics of the trainee's (trained) parachutist's touch of the Earth's surface.

Air blowing over the trainee (trainee) (13) parachutist occurs after leaving the simulated aircraft to perform a jump.

To change the directions of rotation and freedom of movement of the trainee's (trainee's) parachutist's body during free fall and when opening the parachute, the trainee is fixed in a back fixation device (also called "dorsal grip"), which is part of the harness and to simulate the state of weightlessness and replace the force of the counter stream air acting when performing a real jump on a parachutist during free fall by overturning the body of a trained (trained) parachutist "on the back" of the body of a trained (trained) parachutist into a plane parallel to the plane of the Earth's surface, and to simulate the opening of the parachute and to further control it, the body of the trainee (trained) ) the parachutist in the dorsal grip moves into a plane perpendicular to the plane of the Earth's surface.

To simulate free flight, the trainee (trainee) (13) first leans forward with a frame with counterweights (17), as in a real jump, and then throws himself onto his back, while using the force of gravity, which deflects all the trainee's limbs backward, creating in him the sensation flight in the oncoming air flow at high speed, and in addition it is blown by the air flow to simulate the sensation of the effect of the air flow on clothing and skin of the face, as in a real jump, while the Earth in virtual space rotates in such a way that (the student) (13 ) gets the same sensations as in a real parachute jump.

The dynamics of a trainee's (trained) parachutist's touch of the Earth's surface is simulated by physically touching and moving along a moving pathway at a time coordinated with virtual images displayed in liquid crystal displays in virtual reality glasses wearing on the head of the trainee (trained) parachutist.

A device that implements the proposed method is shown in Fig. 2 and consists of interconnected newly introduced device for fixing the trainee's (trainee's) back with a drive for its rotation (14) trainee (trainee) (13), a pedestal containing an adjustable moving track (15), a frame with counterweights (17) with a device for fixing the trainee's (trainee's) back with a drive for its rotation (14), a control cabinet (16) containing, in particular, a control computer (1), a frame with counterweights (17), air flow generators (18) fixed on the frame of the simulator with counterweights ( 17), sensors that determine the position of the arms, legs, head, body of the trainee (trainee) (20), fixed, for example, on the trainee's (trainee's) clothing (13), there can also be a manipulator (19), usually located in the trainee's hand ( trainee), a simulator frame rigidly fixed on the ground (5) with electric drives (7) in the form of an equal-profile section with a pedestal containing an adjustable moving walkway (15), an instructor's workplace (teacher (2), a knapsack with a parachute harness (3) containing control lines (4), an electric drive for unwinding (unwinding) control lines (10), electric drives (7), a trainee (student) (13), virtual reality glasses (6 ) with built-in audio headphones (11), located on the head of the trainee (trainee) (13) and connected to the control computer (1).

The manipulator (19) is used to simulate the trainee's equipment, for example, the AKS-74U machine gun, RPG-26 grenade launcher, knife, or pistol, and other special means of communication.

The appearance of the parachutist training simulator is shown in Fig. 3.

A counterweight on a frame with a counterweight (17) allows less effort to drive the rotation of the simulator frame (10), when performing movements in the trainee's (trainee's) space (13), fixed in the trainee's (trainee's) back fixation device with a drive for its rotation (14).

A device that implements the proposed method works as follows:

Sensors that determine the position of the arms, legs, head, body of the trainee (trainee) (20), are fixed, for example, on the suit of the trainee (trainee) (13).

The trainee (trainee) (13) is placed in a device for fixing the trainee's (trainee's) back with a drive for his rotation (14) and a knapsack with a parachute harness (3) containing control lines (4), where it is fixed. On the head of the trainee (trainee) (20), they put on virtual reality glasses (6) with built-in audio headphones (11).

Trained (trainee) (13) fixed in the device for fixing the trainee's (trainee's) back with a drive for his rotation (14) and the knapsack of the parachute harness (3) containing control lines (4) is placed in a frame with a counterweight (17), thus so that the feet of the adjustable walkway touch the plinth containing the adjustable walkway (15).

Virtual reality glasses (6) begin to display objects in virtual space (aircraft, ramp, other virtual trainees, clothes, parachute attachment system, etc.), formed by the control computer (1), at the command from the instructor's (teacher's) workplace (2) .) thus, the possibility of semi-natural simulation of the exit from the ramp of the aircraft is provided.

From the workplace of the instructor (teacher) (2) through the control computer (1), a program is launched that controls the simulator and forms the virtual space. The simulator software provides training for both the regular descent of the trainee (trainee) (13) with a parachute, and actions in emergency situations, for example, when the main parachute fails. The virtual space is formed by the control computer (1), and the formed virtual space, in which the trainee (trainee) (13) sees a three-dimensional image of the virtual world, is displayed to the trainee (trainee) (13) in virtual reality glasses (6) placed on the trainee's head ( student) (13).

Audio accompaniment of the training is performed by the control computer (1) through the built-in audio headphones (11). Audio accompaniment includes imitation of aircraft engines hum, sounds of wind, sounds from the operation of the parachute system, the voice of the issuer giving commands to the trainee (trainee) (13) “Prepare”, “Jump”, “Go”, “Set aside”.

After the trainee (learner) (13) leaves the aircraft ramp simulated in virtual space, on command from the control cabinet (16), which contains, in particular, the control computer (1), the adjustable moving track of the pedestal moves back and falls, the electric drive (7), deflects the frame with counterweights (17), with the trainee (trainee) (13), fixed in the trainee's (trainee's) back fixation device with a drive for his rotation (14) and with a parachute harness (3) knapsack containing control lines (4). The position of the frame with counterweights (17) changes relative to the plane of the Earth's surface, using the rotation drive mechanism of the back fixation device (14), rotates the back fixation device, the position of the trainee's (trainee's) body (13), in the trainee's (trainee's) back fixation device with a drive its rotation (14) changes relative to the vertical plane in relation to the Earth's surface, changes in the position of the arms, legs, head of the trainee read by sensors that determine the position of the arms, legs, head, body of the trainee (20), are processed in the control cabinet (16), the control computer ( 1), forms a virtual space with changes in relation to the position of the trainee's (trainee's) body (13), in virtual reality glasses (6), continues to display virtual objects, thus, it is possible to simulate free fall and descent by parachute.

To simulate the air flow during a real jump in a trainee (student) (13), air flows are formed by air flow generators (18) and blown over the trainee (student) (13), air flows are changed by air flow generators (18) at the command of the control cabinet (16 ) depending on the data coming from virtual reality glasses (6). Additionally, the control computer (1) can create an audio imitation of the wind and transmit sounds to the trainee (trainee) (13) through the built-in audio headphones (11) to virtual reality glasses (6).

Thus, an imitation of a parachutist's demolition, a parachute fall or a free fall is carried out.

The movements made by the body, arms or legs of the trainee (trainee) (13) fixed in the knapsack of the parachute harness (3) containing control lines (4) in real space are recorded and measured by sensors that determine the position of the arms, legs, head, body of the trainee (trainee) (13), a manipulator (19) and an electric drive for winding (unwinding) control lines (10). Data from sensors that determine the position of arms, legs, head, body (trainee) (13), air flow generators (18), manipulator (19), electric drive for reeling (unwinding) control lines (10) are fed to the control computer (1) of the cabinet control (16), where they are processed together with data about the virtual space. The control computer (1), taking into account the body weight of the trainee (trainee) (13), the acceleration of gravity, the direction and speed of the simulated wind, the interaction of the trainee (trainee) (13) with objects in virtual space, generates changes in virtual space, processed data, for example, changed positions in the virtual space of body parts of a trainee (learner) (13) or the position of clouds, the Earth's surface.

The changed data of the virtual space is displayed to the trainee in virtual reality glasses (6), and is also displayed at the instructor's (teacher's) workplace (2).

The formation of a virtual space with changes associated with the physical actions of the trainee (trainee) (13), in real space and the display of this space to the trainee (trainee) (13), provides the opportunity to simulate and practice actions to control the main or reserve parachute in the process of descent and landing , damping the flight speed of the trainee (trainee) before landing, the use of a reserve parachute, the use of special equipment during the landing.

The instructor (teacher) at the instructor's (teacher's) workplace (2), based on the data of sensors that determine the position of the arms, legs, head, body of the trainee (student) (13), manipulator (19), electric drive for reeling (unwinding) control lines (10 ), processed by the control computer (1) monitors and analyzes the correctness of the trainee's (trainee's) actions (13) after receiving the commands of the release, during the jump and landing. At the command "Prepare", the trainee (trainee) (13) must:

a) get up, visually check the engagement of the carabiner on the backpack with the harness (3), make sure that the simulated device on the reserve parachute is not unlocked (the locking cord must be in the loop);

b) go to the ramp (if the trainee (trainee) (13) jumps first in the run) or stand behind the parachutist who jumped earlier;

c) with your right hand, grab the pull ring, put your left hand on your right.

At the command "Jump" the trainee (trainee) (13) leaves the aircraft in the established sequence.

On the command "Go" the trainee (trainee) (13) is separated from the simulated aircraft in the following sequence:

a) with the middle of the foot of the left leg, rest against the rear lower corner of the door (ramp);

b) bending slightly, gently push off from the door sill, perpendicular to the aircraft axis, feet down;

c) having separated from the aircraft, put the right leg to the left;

d) in order to ensure the normal deployment of the parachute during a fall, try to maintain an upright position and grouping until the parachute opens (dynamic impact).

After separation from the aircraft simulated in virtual space in free fall (with stabilization), maintain the grouping until the parachute is fully deployed. Make a delay in opening the parachute, determined by the jump task (after 3 seconds of stabilized fall), pull out the parachute opening pull ring with a sharp movement of the right hand. Group at the moment of pulling out the ring. Having felt the jerk (dynamic blow) visually correlated with the simulation of the opening of the parachute, the trainee (trainee) (13) should:

a) raise your head up and examine the parachute;

b) after making sure of its serviceability and correctness of deployment, pull out the interlocking cord of the device on the reserve parachute;

c) look around and make sure that there are no parachutists nearby at a distance dangerous for convergence; make an inspection from the front, left, right, top and back.

After making sure that there is no danger of convergence, make a comfortable fit in the harness. To do this, the trainee (trainee) (13) should grasp the left group of straps with his left hand, and put the thumb of his right hand on the circular strap in the seat. Pulling the left group of straps down, move the circular strap forward with the thumb of your right hand until you are comfortable. By sliding the circular strap to the right, change the position of the hands and move the circular strap to the left.

Having made a comfortable landing in the harness, determine the direction of bearing and the place of your probable landing. If necessary (the presence of obstacles in the intended landing site), take measures to avoid landing on an uneven surface, forest, water, obstacles, changing the magnitude and direction of bearing, by means of the direction of movement and the horizontal speed of movement using control lines.

When parachuting, swinging of the parachute is possible, which is eliminated by tightening the front or rear straps. When tilting the parachute forward from the vertical axis, pull the rear straps. When the parachute reaches the vertical position, release the rear straps and, when the parachute goes back, pull the front straps.

Before landing, in advance (taking into account the time of the parachute turn) to an altitude of 100-150 m, prepare for landing and take the correct body position for landing:

a) turn strictly to face in the wind so that the ground runs backwards under your feet. The wind direction is determined by the arrow laid out on the landing site, and by the displacement relative to the trainee (trainee) (13) local objects on the ground;

b) connect the legs at the knees and feet together and, depending on the wind speed, are carried forward, and in calm weather, keep them almost vertical, bent at the knees;

c) the feet are parallel to the ground /

When correctly engaged, all objects on the ground seem to move under the trainee's (trainee's) feet (13), strictly in front. If objects move to the side or from underfoot (wind from the side or in the face), on an unguided parachute, it is necessary to use the sliding method - by pulling one of the straps, turn the parachute in the right direction so that the body takes a position with its face in the wind (the wind blows in the back ). With this position, the trainee's (trainee's) hands (13) remain free before landing, and the parachutist can eliminate possible swinging before landing, apply braking.

If the trainee (trainee) (13) turned out to be facing downwind before landing, and there is no height to turn the parachute by sliding, he should turn the body by crossing the straps so that he is facing downwind.

10-15 seconds before touching the ground modeled in the virtual space, the trainee (trainee) (13) must take a preparation pose and meet the ground in a grouped state. It is necessary to touch the ground with full feet of both legs at the same time (to avoid spraining the ankle joints or other injuries to the legs). Keep your feet parallel to the landing surface. To reduce the force of the impact upon landing, you need to bend your legs slightly at the knees and keep them tense until they meet the ground, touching to do a small squat to soften the impact.

At the moment of landing, the trainee (trainee) (13) should not try to stand on his feet - he must fall forward or on his side (in a strong wind, make a roll)

To reduce the horizontal speed at the moment of touching the ground with the feet in the wind, it is necessary (if the hands are not engaged in turning by the method of crossing the straps) to pull the rear straps of the free ends of the harness as much as possible and hold them in this position until landing. In this case, the air escaping from under the edge of the parachute will create a reactive force directed against the wind, which will somewhat reduce the horizontal component of the velocity. To take the most stable position when landing in calm weather, you should slightly tighten the front straps, creating a horizontal speed for the parachute.

After landing, you must immediately unfasten the parachute system.

Also, the actions of trainees (trainees) (13) in special (abnormal) cases (failure of the aircraft at different altitudes, the hit of a stabilizing or pilot parachute in the legs of the parachutist, hovering of the parachutist behind the aircraft, twisting of lines, convergence of paratroopers in the air and falling into the lines) another parachutist, twisting lines, getting into updrafts and downdrafts, overlaping the parachute with lines, parachute failures, landing on obstacles).

For canopy parachute systems, it is additionally possible to practice the canopy suppression and the trainee's actions (13) when dragging the parachutist along the ground under the influence of the wind.

To extinguish the canopy, you need to land, quickly stand up and run behind the canopy from the leeward side.

When performing parachute jumps with a wind force of 3 m / s or more, after landing, the trainee (trainee) (13) drags along the surface of the Earth. There are often two main ways to extinguish the canopy of a parachute.

Method one - after landing, the trainee (trainee) (13) gets to his feet (the first 1-2 seconds after landing) and runs to the leeward side of the canopy. If the trainee (trainee) (13) could not stand up and drags him over, you can make another attempt to get up. To do this, you need to take hold of the free ends of the harness with your hands, group sharply and throw your legs forward, resting them on the ground. Since the canopy pulls the trainee (trainee) (13) by the shoulders, it helps the parachutist to stand on his feet. Once on your feet, you must immediately run behind the dome.

Method two - if it was not possible to extinguish the dome in the first way and the trainee (trainee) (13) drags through, it is necessary to take 2-3 lower lines (or one control line on a controlled dome of the T4 or P1-U type) and energetically intercepting them with your hands, pull to itself to the very edge of the dome, until it goes out.

After the canopy is extinguished, the trainee (trainee) (13) must stand up and look around, and if another parachutist is dragging in near him, he must help him to extinguish the canopy.

To simulate landing and dragging along the Earth's surface when extinguishing a parachute, on command from the control cabinet (16), the adjustable moving track of the pedestal rises, the electric drive (7) changes the position of the frame with counterweights (17), so that the trainee (learner) (13 ) could have touched the pedestal with their feet. Sensors that determine the position of the arms, legs, head, body of the trainee (trainee) (20) and the manipulator (19) fix the positions of the monitored objects, the control computer (1), correlates them with the necessary model of actions for extinguishing the parachute canopy upon landing.

For the purpose of increasing the efficiency of modeling the dynamics of a jump, the vector of acceleration acting on the trainee (trainee) (13) during a real and simulated jump can be represented by the following system of equations:

- результирующий вектор ускорений, передаваемый центру масс тренируемого (обучаемого) при совершении прыжка в любой точке траектории снижения парашютиста, которую обучаемый проходит в реальном времени t от момента отделения от летательного аппарата до приземления;Where

- the resulting vector of accelerations transmitted to the center of mass of the trainee (trainee) when making a jump at any point of the parachutist's descent trajectory, which the trainee passes in real time t from the moment of separation from the aircraft to landing;

- результирующий вектор ускорений, передаваемый центру масс парашютиста при моделировании прыжка на тренажере с продолжительностью воздействия s;

- the resulting vector of accelerations transmitted to the center of mass of the parachutist when simulating a jump on the simulator with the duration of exposure s;

ƒ (…) - function of various variables;

- величины втягивания строп управления;

- values of retraction of control lines;

- вектор ускорения ветра на различных высотах h, в смоделированном прыжке задаваемых через время прыжка, тренируемого (обучаемого) t';

- the vector of wind acceleration at different heights h, in the simulated jump, set after the jump time, trainee (trainee) t ';

- вектор ускорения свободного падения, действующий на центр масс парашютиста при совершении прыжка в любой точке траектории снижения парашютиста, которую обучаемый проходит в реальном времени t от момента отделения от летательного аппарата до приземления;

is the free fall acceleration vector acting on the center of mass of the parachutist when making a jump at any point of the parachutist's descent trajectory, which the trainee passes in real time t from the moment of separation from the aircraft to landing;

R is the selected training mode on the simulator when working out regular and abnormal scenarios under various meteorological conditions;

t is a time indicator characterizing the place of the parachutist at the point of his descent trajectory when working out the jump scenario (real and simulated) from the moment of separation from the aircraft to landing;

Training on the proposed airborne training simulator will improve the quality of training for paratroopers to practice skills in controlling the main parachute in the process of descent and landing, the use of a reserve parachute, and the use of special equipment during the landing.

The ability to simulate wind flows, simulate loads in virtual space that are identical to those experienced during a real jump, the payload of a paratrooper, the ability to practice damping the flight speed of a trainee (trainee) before landing, the ability to simulate a landing in virtual space to ensure that the trainee's body (trainee) is in a natural position identical to the position of the parachutist during the oscillatory process of the parachute-human system during a real jump, the possibility of practicing the use of special equipment, allows you to perform a wide range of exercises on the proposed simulator both for general landing training and for practicing the use of special equipment such as, for example, AKS-74U or RPG -26 while jumping.

The proposed method of training parachutists, in contrast to the prototype method, by ensuring that the body of the trainee (trainee) is in a natural position identical to the position of the parachutist during the oscillatory process of the parachute-man system during a real jump, blowing air over the trainee (trainee) parachutist to simulate the effects of air flow when performing a parachute jump, changing the directions and freedom of movement of the trainee's (trained) parachutist's body during free fall and when opening the parachute, the possibility of practicing damping the trainee's (trainee's) flight speed, as well as imitating the trainee's (trained) parachutist's touch of the Earth's surface makes it possible to work out skills in parachute control in the process of jumping and landing, the use of a reserve parachute, the use of special equipment during the landing, which instills the necessary related skills when jumping with a parachute and improves the quality of training for parachutists.

Sources of information:

1. Patent No. 2389528 "Wind tunnel for training parachutists." Publ. 20.05.2010, Bul. No. 14.

2. Patent No. 2458825 "A device for simulating a long parachute jump with a vertical wind tunnel (options) and a vertical wind tunnel." Publ. 08/20/2012, Bul. No. 23.

3. Patent No. 2267449 "Airborne simulator". Publ. 10.01.2006, Bul. # 1.

4. Patent №2578906 "Trainer of the paratrooper paratrooper". Publ. 03/27/2016, Bul. No. 9.

5. Patent No. 2538996 "Parachutist simulator". Publ. 10.01.2015, Bul. # 1.

6. Patent No. 2653900 "Trainer of paratrooper-paratrooper and method of dynamic support of training on it". Publ. 05/15/2018, Bul. No. 14.

7. Guidelines for airborne training (RVDP-2008). Put into effect by order of the Commander of the Airborne Forces dated May 29, 2008, No. 169.

8. Educational and training complex of airborne training (UTK-VDP). Technical project. Explanatory note. VGIP.791491.132PZ.

9. Educational and training complex of airborne training (UTK-VDP). Manual. VGIP.791491.132RE.

Claims (4)

1. The method of training parachutists, which consists in the fact that an equipped trainee / trainee parachutist takes his place in the parachute suspension system fixed on the simulator frame, virtual reality glasses are put on his head, the instructor / teacher creates a virtual space through the control computer and issues commands to the trainee / to the student, software based on 3D simulation creates a virtual space, taking into account physical parameters, the dynamics of parachute descent and various environmental parameters, types of parachute systems, time of day, weather conditions, terrain, altitude and flight speed, using sensors that fix the effects performed by the trainee / trained parachutist on the elements of the parachute harness, the software generates a change in the virtual space, simulating the movements of the parachutist in the air from the moment of leaving the aircraft to landing, characterized in that after leaving the trained aircraft of the trainee / trained parachutist is blown with an air stream to simulate the effect of the air flow when performing a parachute jump, the functional device provides a change in the directions and freedoms of the trainee / trained parachutist's body movement in space identical to the movements of the body during free fall and opening of the parachute, and also simulates touch a trainee / trained parachutist of the Earth's surface and moving on it, due to physical touch and movement along an adjustable moving path at a time coordinated in time with the landscapes of the trainee / trained parachutist's landing place displayed in virtual reality glasses. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, to simulate free flight, the trainee / trainee first leans forward with a frame with counterweights, and then is thrown onto his back. 3. A simulator for training parachutists, consisting of a simulator frame rigidly fixed to the ground, electric drives, a control computer, an instructor / teacher's workplace, a backpack with a harness, control lines, virtual reality glasses, built-in audio headphones in virtual reality glasses, an electric drive for unwinding / unwinding a trainee's / trainee's control line, characterized in that a pedestal is additionally introduced into a frame rigidly fixed on the ground, containing an adjustable moving track to simulate the trainee / trainee's exit from the aircraft and landing on the Earth's surface, a trainee / trainee's back fixation device with a drive for its rotation associated with the harness knapsack, control cabinet, frame with counterweights, movable frame of the simulator relatively rigidly fixed on the ground, air flow generators fixed on the frame with counterweights, sensors that determine the position of the arms, legs, head, body of the trainee / learner th. 4. The simulator according to claim 3, characterized in that a manipulator is additionally introduced, located in the hand of the trainee / trainee.

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