RU2729093C2 - Vandal-resistant fire-blocking material - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: furniture production.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to coatings for soft seats (seats). Vandal-resistant fire-blocking upholstery material is made elastic and consists of three layers thermally fixed with polymer glue. Upper layer consists of textile material with surface density of 80 to 350 g/m, preferably 80–200 g/m, thickness of not more than 3 mm, and is made from natural or synthetic fibers or mixtures thereof, treated with a fire retardant, or is made from fire-resistant aramide or polyester fibers or modified polyacrylonitrile. Middle reinforcing layer is made of knitted metal mesh, made from one metal wire or bundle of metal wires with diameter from 0.05 to 0.30 mm with cell size from 3 to 9 mm, with surface density from 100 to 1000 g/m, preferably 400–600 g/m. Lower layer consists of textile material with surface density of not less than 200 g/mand is made of natural fibers and treated with fire retardant, or is based on oxidised polyacrylonitrile.EFFECT: technical result consists in providing vandal-proof, providing fire protection of material and elastic elements of structure, strength, reduced toxicity and environmental contamination.10 cl, 3 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to coatings for soft seats (armchairs) used in public places: vehicles, namely, rolling stock of railways and highways, subway cars, air transport, as well as stationary premises equipped with seating. More specifically, the invention relates to a vandal resistant fire blocking material.

Soft seats are widely used in modern vehicles and stationary public spaces, which provide a high degree of comfort during long journeys, flights and the convenience of waiting in queues in organizations that provide services to the public (for example, multifunctional centers, tax inspections, banks).

The design of a typical soft seat, as a rule, is a rigid base 1 (see Fig. 1), an elastic element made of foam material (foam rubber or foam) 2 and a lining material 3 made of fabric, knitwear, artificial or natural leather.

Rail vehicle seats have very strict requirements regarding their ability to withstand fire. Air transport regulations are even stricter. Airplane approved seats must be tested in which the cushion is exposed to the direct flame of a burner.

Seat elastic elements, such as seat cushions and backrests, which are essential for seating comfort, do not resist fire well and are often a source of smoke and toxic gases in the event of a fire. In addition, it is known that seats located in public places often fail due to the action of vandals who cut the lining of the seats and also violate the integrity of the elastic elements of the cushions.

From the prior art, a seat for the passenger compartment of a public vehicle is known (patent EP 2855229 B1, IPC A47C 7/26, B60N 2/24, B60N 2/70, B60N 2/90, B61D 33/00, published 03/01/2017), which is vandal-resistant and fire resistant. The seat is made of multi-layer and is formed by repeatedly pouring a liquid curable mixture onto layers of fabric. The mixture is one type of plastic or several different types of fiber-reinforced plastics, in particular reinforced with aramid fibers, metal fibers, metallized synthetic fibers, metallized inorganic fibers, etc. The plastics may contain flame retardants, in particular inorganic, halogenated, based on organophosphorus or nitrogen compounds.

The disadvantage of the known seat is that during operation, if any layer is damaged, the seat practically cannot be repaired, but requires a complete replacement. In addition, the composition for this seat will not protect the polymeric foam layer from fire when exposed to temperatures above 1000 ° C.

From the patent RU 2452799 C2 (IPC D01F 6/60, published on 20.01.2011), a fire-resistant fabric formed by an aromatic polyamide fiber is known, which is a knitted material, a woven material, a nonwoven material, etc., which can be used, in particular, for the manufacture of seats for aircraft and cars. The fabric provides, in particular, high tensile strength, flame retardancy and cut resistance. In some embodiments of the prior art, a flame retardant aromatic copolyamide fiber fabric is layered in multiple layers and used as a laminate, and in the laminate, the aromatic copolyamide fiber fabric may be used alone or may be used in combination with another high tenacity fiber fabric. The fibers of these materials can be bonded to each other, in particular, using glue or thermal bonding fibers. In addition, in some embodiments of the known invention, the fabric may be composite, including other fibers in combination, in particular, a metal fiber reinforced composite material. In the examples, the fabric has a basis weight of 210-285 g / m ² .

The disadvantage of the known fabric is its high cost, in connection with which this fabric is justified to use only in space technology and to a limited extent in aviation, as well as limitations in production associated with the laboriousness of production.

From the patent WO 2004101872 A1 (IPC A41D 31/00, D03D 15/12, published on November 25, 2004) a basalt fabric is known, reinforced with a metal reinforcing element, made with the possibility of providing resistance to cutting and tearing. The fabric consists of three layers: an upper layer consisting of a basalt fabric covered with a silicone and / or polyester polyurethane layer, a middle reinforcing layer made of knitted metal mesh for reinforcement made of three rows of metal wires with a diameter of 150 μm, a lower layer consisting of basalt fabric covered with silicone and / or polyester polyurethane layer. In some cases, the threads may contain a high percentage of materials other than basalt.

The disadvantages of the known basalt fabric are all the disadvantages inherent in basalt: low strength of the seam and its instability, the possibility of tissue breakage at the fold, a high likelihood of allergic reactions and pulmonary diseases in users. In addition, the disadvantage is that the basalt fiber has a high specific density (15-23 kg / m ³ ) compared to polymer fibrous materials (0.9-1.8 kg / m ³ ), as well as a high labor intensity due to additional application of a polymer layer on the basalt fabric to eliminate the destruction of basalt fibers, and the high weight of the three-layer material.

From the patent RU 2051050 C1 (IPC А47С 27/00, А47С 7/18, А47С 7/20, published on 27.12.1995), the seat structure of vehicles, in particular aircraft, with an upholstery (cover) providing fire protection is known. The upholstery material is multi-layer, the layers are interconnected and glued in places. The lower fabric protective layer can be coated with a film (for example, polyethylene or polyurethane), which can be made as a melting film. The middle layer is foamed on top and bonded to the film or the bottom fabric protective layer over the entire area. On the surface of the middle layer, distant from the film, with the help of glue distributed over the surface, an upper fabric protective layer is glued, which forms the surface of the seat element facing the seater.

The disadvantage of the known invention is the lack of vandal resistance of the seat.

From the patent RU 2149784 C1 (IPC B61D 33/00, published 05/27/2000), a seat element is known that is resistant to vandalism and the spread of fire, used on rolling stock of railways and highways, in subway cars and in public premises equipped with seats. A known patent describes a composite material, which is essentially a material for upholstery of seats, consisting of several layers glued to each other: an upper layer, which is a decorative fabric, a middle reinforcing layer made of a fire-resistant spongy polymer composition, inside which is a woven metal mesh of circular cross-section , and two layers attached on both sides to the middle reinforcing layer (i.e. including the bottom layer of material), consisting of a thin cotton fabric.

Thus, in the known armchair, the protection against vandalism is achieved by means of a metal mesh by fusing the mesh into a polymeric foam material. The disadvantage of the known invention is that in the case of exposure to high temperatures (over 1000 ° C), the preservation of the foam is not guaranteed, because due to the hot metal mesh, the foam polymer material will be destroyed. Fire-retardant cotton fabrics will protect against fire but not damage to the foam. In addition, the disadvantages are that the use of a woven metal mesh of a round diameter does not provide resistance to cutting in all directions, as well as difficulty in manufacturing - it requires fusing the metal mesh into the foam, and such a structure is unlikely to serve as a fire-blocking material for the foam.

The closest analogue, taken as a prototype, is a vandal-resistant fire-blocking upholstery material, known from patent EP 0190064 A1 (IPC А47С 7/26, published 06.08.1986). The well-known vandal-resistant fire-blocking upholstery material is intended for the seat and back of the chair, is made elastic and consists of three layers, thermally bonded with polymer glue (in particular, polyurethane) - the top layer consisting of a textile material in the form of fabric or knitted fabric with an areal density of 400 to 600 g / m ² , a middle reinforcing layer made of a knitted metal mesh for reinforcement, made of metal wire with a diameter of 0.10 to 0.15 mm with a mesh size of 6 to 8 mm, a lower layer (fire retardant), consisting of three layers: two layers of non-woven needle-punched material made of polyacrylate fibers and a fiberglass cloth placed between them, with an areal density of 250 to 300 g / m ² .

The disadvantages of the known invention are:

- laborious manufacturing process,

- the use of chlorine-containing fibers in the decorative material, which contributes to an increase in toxicity when exposed to fire,

- the use of glass fibers, which can lead to dust formation during mechanical action on the material, environmental pollution and the emergence of various lung diseases in the user, in particular asthma and silicosis,

- loss of elasticity of the package of material due to inclusion in the material as one of the layers of fiberglass fabric, which can lead to difficulties in cutting and sewing the product and the formation of wrinkles and folds at the corners of the finished product.

The technical result of the claimed invention is:

- ensuring vandal resistance - resistance to cutting in longitudinal, transverse and diagonal directions,

- providing fire protection of the material and elastic elements of the seat and backrest structure covered with this material, when exposed to temperatures above 1000 ° C,

- high elasticity, strength, stability and softness of the material,

- ease of manufacturing (working out) material,

- reducing the cost of the material,

- reduction of toxicity and environmental pollution.

The essence of the claimed invention lies in the fact that the vandal-resistant fire-blocking upholstery material for the seat and back of the chair is elastic and consists of three layers, thermally bonded with polymer glue: an upper layer consisting of a textile material with a surface density of 80 to 350 g / m ² , preferably 80 -200 g / m ² , not more than 3 mm thick, made of natural or synthetic fibers or their mixtures, treated with a fire retardant, or made of fire-resistant aramid or polyester fibers or modified polyacrylonitrile, a middle reinforcing layer made of a knitted metal mesh, made of one metal wire or a bundle of metal wires with a diameter of 0.05 to 0.30 mm with a cell size of 3 to 9 mm, with an areal density of 100 to 1000 g / m ² , preferably 400-600 g / m ² , lower a layer consisting of a textile material with a surface density of at least 200 g / m ² , made and from natural fibers and treated with a fire retardant, or made on the basis of oxidized polyacrylonitrile. In this case, a fabric, knitted fabric or non-woven fabric can be used as a textile material for the upper layer. The knitted fabric of the volumetric structure for the middle reinforcing layer can be made with a crochet weave or with a 1 + 1 eraser weave. As the textile material for the bottom layer, a fabric, a non-woven fabric or a knitted fabric can be used. As natural fibers for the textile material of the lower layer, linen or cotton or woolen fibers or their mixtures can be used, with the possible inclusion of synthetic fibers in an amount of not more than 25%.

The invention is illustrated by the following drawings.

FIG. 1 shows the design of a typical soft seat, where 1 is a rigid base, 2 is an elastic foam element, 3 is a facing material.

FIG. 2 shows an intermediate upholstery composite material according to the invention, where 4 is the lower layer of the composite material, 5 is the middle layer of the composite material, 6 is the upper layer of the composite material.

FIG. 3 shows an intermediate upholstery composite material between an elastic seat element and a lining material according to the invention, where 1 is a rigid base, 2 is an elastic element of a chair, 3 is a lining material, 4 is a lower layer of a composite material, 5 is a middle layer of a composite material, 6 is an upper one. a layer of composite material.

The invention solves the problem of creating an elastic composite intermediate upholstery material for the seat and back of the chair, providing protection of elastic elements from fire and exposure to cutting objects.

To solve this problem, an intermediate upholstery composite material is proposed, consisting of three layers (see Fig. 2), thermally bonded with polymer glue.

The top layer 6 consists of a textile material with a basis weight of 80 to 350 g / m ² , preferably 80-200 g / m ² , with a thickness of not more than 3 mm. The top layer 6 is made of natural or synthetic fibers or their mixtures, treated with a flame retardant, or made of flame retardant aramid or polyester fibers or modified polyacrylonitrile. As the textile material for the upper layer 6, a fabric, knitted fabric or non-woven fabric can be used. The purpose of the upper layer of composite material 6 is to increase the comfort of the chair (seat and back), to protect against fire and to thermally bond the reinforcing layer.

The middle layer 5 is reinforcing and is made of knitted metal mesh. The metal mesh is made of a single metal wire or a bundle of metal wires with a diameter of 0.05 to 0.30 mm with a mesh size of 3 to 9 mm, with an areal density of 100 to 1000 g / m, preferably 400 to 600 g / m ² . The knitted fabric of the volumetric structure for the middle reinforcing layer can be made with a crochet weave or with a 1 + 1 eraser weave. The purpose of the middle layer of composite material 5 is to provide resistance to cutting through the material.

The lower layer 4 consists of a textile material with a surface density of at least 200 g / m ² and is made of natural fibers and treated with a fire retardant, or is made on the basis of oxidized polyacrylonitrile. As the textile material for the lower layer 4, a fabric, a non-woven fabric or a knitted fabric can be used. As natural fibers for the textile material of the lower layer, linen or cotton or woolen fibers or their mixtures can be used, with the possible inclusion of synthetic fibers in an amount of not more than 25%. The purpose of the lower layer of composite material 4 is to protect the polymeric foam seat cushions from ignition when exposed to temperatures up to 1038 ± 30 ° C.

Composite upholstery intermediate material (4, 5, 6) is located between the elastic element of the chair 2 and the facing material 3 (see Fig. 3). The elastic elements of the chair 2 include the seat and back cushions, which, as a rule, are made of foamed polymeric materials - foam rubber or foam. The claimed material is intended to cover these elastic elements of the chair.

The purpose of the invention is to protect the soft seat cover from mechanical damage (cuts) and fire. The claimed vandal-resistant elastic reinforced material is resistant to cutting by a cutting blade in the longitudinal, transverse and diagonal directions without visible cuts on the surface of the upholstery material. In addition, this material does not support combustion and additionally protects elastic elements of the chair (in particular, foam rubber seat cushions and chair backs) from ignition at temperatures up to 1038 ± 30 ° C. The use of a knitted metal mesh for reinforcement contributes to the elastic fit of the surface of the elastic element of the chair by the reinforced material and prevents it from mechanical damage.

The proposed material provides fire safety according to the parameters presented in Table 1.

Table 1

For the manufacture of the proposed vandal-resistant fire-blocking multilayer upholstery material, domestic raw materials can be used, and products made from it can be manufactured at domestic enterprises using domestic equipment.

Below are several examples that confirm the claimed technical result.

Example 1

Top layer: non-woven needle-punched fabric with a surface density of 300 g / m ² , made of short flax fiber No. 2. Middle layer: knitted metal mesh (weave type - kulirny smooth surface) made of wire 0.2 mm in diameter with a mesh size of 7 mm with an areal density of 400 g / m ² . Bottom layer: non-woven needle-punched fabric with surface density of 300 g / m ² , made of short flax fiber No. 2. The layers are thermally bonded with polymer glue. The upper and lower layers are flame retardant.

Material tests were carried out, as a result of which the following indicators of fire hazard properties were revealed. The total areal density of the multilayer material is 1040 g / m ² . Flammability - hardly flammable. The smoke production coefficient in the smoldering mode is 683 m ² / kg, in the combustion mode - 535 m ² / kg. The toxicity index of combustion products at an exposure time of 30 min is 68 mg / g. Flame spread index 11. Weight loss of the sample under the action of a flame of 1040 ° C - 6.3%.

The material was tested for vandal-resistant properties. For this, the product sample was placed on a flat, hard surface. The cutting tool - a 70 mm long stainless steel knife - was carried over the entire surface by hand in three directions: in the transverse, longitudinal and diagonal along the entire length of the used direction. The degree of vandal resistance of the product was established visually according to the test results: no violation of the lower constituent elements of the material was visually observed.

Thus, in terms of fire safety and vandal resistance in accordance with TU 13.96.14-012-86721737-2017, the sample passes the tests.

Example 2

Top layer: 350 g / m ² non-woven needle-punched fabric made of wool fiber. Middle layer: knitted metal mesh (weave type - kulirny smooth surface) made of wire 0.2 mm in diameter with a mesh size of 7 mm with an areal density of 400 g / m ² . Lower layer: the nonwoven web is needle punched of surface density of 600 g / m ² made from a fiber mixture with the following composition: 40% regenerated fiber wool, 35% short flax fiber №2, 25% secondary polyester fiber fineness of 0.66 tex recovered PET bottles. The layers are thermally bonded with polymer glue. The upper and lower layers are flame retardant.

Material tests were carried out, as a result of which the following indicators of fire hazard properties were revealed. The total areal density of the multilayer material is 1350 g / m ² . Flammability - hardly flammable. The smoke production coefficient in the smoldering mode is 750 m ² / kg, in the combustion mode - 610 m ² / kg. The toxicity index of combustion products at an exposure time of 30 min is 43 mg / g. Flame spread index 8. Weight loss of the sample under the action of a flame of 1040 ° C - 1.8%.

The material was tested for vandal-resistant properties. For this, the product sample was placed on a flat, hard surface. The cutting tool - a 70 mm long stainless steel knife - was carried over the entire surface by hand in three directions: in the transverse, longitudinal and diagonal along the entire length of the used direction. The degree of vandal resistance of the product was established visually according to the test results: no violation of the lower constituent elements of the material was visually observed.

Thus, in terms of fire safety and vandal resistance in accordance with TU 13.96.14-012-86721737-2017, the sample passes the tests.

Example 3

Top layer: non-woven needle-punched fabric with a surface density of 200 g / m ² , made from recycled polyester fiber recovered from PET bottles, linear density 0.66 tex. Middle layer: knitted metal mesh (type of weave - kulirny smooth surface) of wire 0.3 mm in diameter with a mesh size of 9 mm with an areal density of 580 g / m ² . Bottom layer: fabric with a surface weight of 600 g / m ² , made from a fibrous mixture of the following composition: 80% semi-coarse wool, 20% recycled polyester fiber, linear density 0.66 tex, recovered from PET bottles. The layers are thermally bonded with polymer glue. The upper and lower layers are flame retardant.

Material tests were carried out, as a result of which the following indicators of fire hazard properties were revealed. The total areal density of the multilayer material is 1380 g / m ² . Flammability - hardly flammable. The smoke production coefficient in the smoldering mode is 495 m ² / kg, in the combustion mode - 425 m ² / kg. The toxicity index of combustion products at an exposure time of 30 min is 48 mg / g. Flame spread index 13. Weight loss of the sample under the action of a flame of 1040 ° C - 2.0%.

The material was tested for vandal-resistant properties. For this, the product sample was placed on a flat, hard surface. The cutting tool - a 70 mm long stainless steel knife - was carried over the entire surface by hand in three directions: in the transverse, longitudinal and diagonal along the entire length of the used direction. The degree of vandal resistance of the product was established visually according to the test results: no violation of the lower constituent elements of the material was visually observed.

Thus, in terms of fire safety and vandal resistance in accordance with TU 13.96.14-012-86721737-2017, the sample passes the tests.

Example 4

Top layer: warp knitted fabric with an area density of 80 g / m ² , made from a blended yarn of the following composition: 67% polyester fiber, linear density 0.17 tex, 33% cotton. Middle layer: knitted metal mesh (type of weave - eraser 1 + 1) from a bunch of wires with a diameter of 0.05 mm in two additions with a mesh size of 3 mm with an areal density of 400 g / m ² . Bottom layer: knitted fabric with a surface weight of 200 g / m ² , made of cotton yarn. The layers are thermally bonded with polymer glue. The upper and lower layers are flame retardant.

Material tests were carried out, as a result of which the following indicators of fire hazard properties were revealed. The total areal density of the multilayer material is 680 g / m ² . Flammability - hardly flammable. The smoke production coefficient in the smoldering mode is 460 m ² / kg, in the combustion mode - 410 m ² / kg. The toxicity index of combustion products at an exposure time of 30 min is 49 mg / g. Flame spread index 14. Weight loss of the sample under the action of a flame of 1040 ° С - 3.0%.

The material was tested for vandal-resistant properties. For this, the product sample was placed on a flat, hard surface. The cutting tool - a 70 mm long stainless steel knife - was carried over the entire surface by hand in three directions: in the transverse, longitudinal and diagonal along the entire length of the used direction. The degree of vandal resistance of the product was established visually according to the test results: no violation of the lower constituent elements of the material was visually observed.

Thus, in terms of fire safety and vandal resistance in accordance with TU 13.96.14-012-86721737-2017, the sample passes the tests.

Example 5

Top layer: plain weave fabric with a surface density of 170 g / m ² , made of modified polyacrylonitrile. Middle layer: knitted metal mesh (weave type - kulirny smooth surface) made of wire 0.1 mm in diameter with a mesh size of 8 mm with an areal density of 180 g / m ² . Lower layer: fabric areal density of 200 g / m ^2, made from oxidized polyacrylonitrile. The layers are thermally bonded with polymer glue.

Material tests were carried out, as a result of which the following indicators of fire hazard properties were revealed. The total areal density of the multilayer material is 550 g / m ² . Flammability - hardly flammable. The smoke production coefficient in the smoldering mode is 320 m ² / kg, in the combustion mode - 280 m ² / kg. The toxicity index of combustion products at an exposure time of 30 min is 180 mg / g.

Flame spread index 3. Weight loss of the sample under the action of a flame of 1040 ° C - 1.2%.

The material was tested for vandal-resistant properties. For this, the product sample was placed on a flat, hard surface. The cutting tool - a 70 mm long stainless steel knife - was carried over the entire surface by hand in three directions: in the transverse, longitudinal and diagonal along the entire length of the used direction. The degree of vandal resistance of the product was established visually according to the test results: no violation of the lower constituent elements of the material was visually observed.

Thus, in terms of fire safety and vandal resistance in accordance with TU 13.96.14-012-86721737-2017, the sample passes the tests.

Example 6

Top layer: cotton plain weave with a surface weight of 120 g / m ² . Middle layer: knitted metal mesh (weave type - kulirny smooth surface) of wire 0.1 mm in diameter with a mesh size of 5 mm with an areal density of 240 g / m ² . Bottom layer: cotton plain weave with a surface weight of 200 g / m ² . The layers are thermally bonded with polymer glue. The upper and lower layers are flame retardant.

Material tests were carried out, as a result of which the following indicators of fire hazard properties were revealed. The total areal density of the multilayer material is 560 g / m ² . Flammability - hardly flammable. The smoke production coefficient in the smoldering mode is 618 m ² / kg, in the combustion mode - 578 m ² / kg. The toxicity index of combustion products at an exposure time of 30 min is 41 mg / g. Flame spread index 9. The mass loss of the sample under the action of a flame of 1040 ° C is 2.6%.

The material was tested for vandal-resistant properties. For this, the product sample was placed on a flat, hard surface. The cutting tool - a 70 mm long stainless steel knife - was carried over the entire surface by hand in three directions: in the transverse, longitudinal and diagonal along the entire length of the used direction. The degree of vandal resistance of the product was established visually according to the test results: no violation of the lower constituent elements of the material was visually observed.

Thus, in terms of fire safety and vandal resistance in accordance with TU 13.96.14-012-86721737-2017, the sample passes the tests.

Example 7

Top layer: plain weave fabric of aramid fibers with a weight of 200 g / m ² . Middle layer: knitted metal mesh (type of weave - eraser 1 + 1) made of wire 0.05 mm in diameter with a mesh size of 7 mm with an areal density of 100 g / m ² . Bottom layer: cotton plain weave with a surface weight of 240 g / m ² . The layers are thermally bonded with polymer glue. The bottom layer is treated with a fire retardant.

Material tests were carried out, as a result of which the following indicators of fire hazard properties were revealed. The total areal density of the multilayer material is 540 g / m ² . Flammability - hardly flammable. The smoke production coefficient in the smoldering mode is 490 m ² / kg, in the combustion mode - 430 m ² / kg. The toxicity index of combustion products at an exposure time of 30 min is 52 mg / g. Flame spread index 6. Weight loss of the sample when exposed to a flame of 104 ° C - 5.0%.

The material was tested for vandal-resistant properties. For this, the product sample was placed on a flat, hard surface. The cutting tool - a 70 mm long stainless steel knife - was carried over the entire surface by hand in three directions: in the transverse, longitudinal and diagonal along the entire length of the used direction. The degree of vandal resistance of the product was established visually according to the test results: no violation of the lower constituent elements of the material was visually observed.

Thus, in terms of fire safety and vandal resistance in accordance with TU 13.96.14-012-86721737-2017, the sample passes the tests.

Example 8

Top layer: warp knitted fabric with a surface weight of 170 g / m ² made from polyester textured polyester yarns. Middle layer: knitted metal mesh (type of weave - eraser 1 + 1) from a bundle of wires 0.2 mm in diameter with a mesh size of 7 mm with an areal density of 400 g / m ² . Bottom layer: knitted fabric with a surface weight of 300 g / m ² , made of cotton yarn. The layers are thermally bonded with polymer glue. The upper and lower layers are flame retardant.

Material tests were carried out, as a result of which the following indicators of fire hazard properties were revealed. The total areal density of the multilayer material is 870 g / m ² . Flammability - hardly flammable. The smoke production coefficient in the smoldering mode is 610 m ² / kg, in the combustion mode - 572 m ² / kg. The toxicity index of combustion products at an exposure time of 30 min is 44 mg / g. Flame spread index 12. Weight loss of the sample under the action of a flame of 1040 ° C - 3.9%.

The material was tested for vandal-resistant properties. For this, the product sample was placed on a flat, hard surface. The cutting tool - a 70 mm long stainless steel knife - was carried over the entire surface by hand in three directions: in the transverse, longitudinal and diagonal along the entire length of the used direction. The degree of vandal resistance of the product was established visually according to the test results: no violation of the lower constituent elements of the material was visually observed.

Thus, in terms of fire safety and vandal resistance in accordance with TU 13.96.14-012-86721737-2017, the sample passes the tests.

Example 9

Top layer: plain weave fabric areal density of 540 g / ^m2, made of 50% cotton (basis), and 50% of flax (weft). Middle layer: knitted metal mesh (type of weave - kulirny smooth surface) made of wire 0.3 mm in diameter with a mesh size of 5 mm with an areal density of 1000 g / m ² . Bottom layer: non-woven needle-punched fabric with a surface density of 600 g / m ² , made of short flax fiber No. 2. The layers are thermally bonded with polymer glue. The upper and lower layers are flame retardant.

Material tests were carried out, as a result of which the following indicators of fire hazard properties were revealed. The total areal density of the multilayer material is 2140 g / m ² . Flammability - hardly flammable. The smoke production coefficient in the smoldering mode is 960 m ² / kg, in the combustion mode - 915 m ² / kg. The toxicity index of combustion products at an exposure time of 30 minutes is 70 mg / g. Flame spread index 7. Weight loss of the sample under the action of a flame of 1040 ° C - 4.3%.

The material was tested for vandal-resistant properties. For this, the product sample was placed on a flat, hard surface. The cutting tool - a 70 mm long stainless steel knife - was carried over the entire surface by hand in three directions: in the transverse, longitudinal and diagonal along the entire length of the used direction. The degree of vandal resistance of the product was established visually according to the test results: no violation of the lower constituent elements of the material was visually observed.

Thus, in terms of fire safety and vandal resistance in accordance with TU 13.96.14-012-86721737-2017, the sample passes the tests.

The above examples confirm that the claimed technical result is achieved by a combination of the following factors, namely:

- vandal resistance is ensured by the presence of a middle layer made of knitted mesh from a metal wire,

- fire-blocking properties are provided by processing the upper and lower layers of the material with a fire retardant in the case of their manufacture from natural or synthetic fibers or their mixtures; or using flame retardant fibers in one or both layers (top and bottom).

Thus, the invention provides:

- vandal resistance - namely, resistance to cutting with a sharp cutting tool of the external decorative elastic upholstery and elastic elements of the chair in the longitudinal, transverse and diagonal directions,

- fire protection of the material and elastic elements of the chair, covered with this material, when exposed to temperatures above 1000 ° C,

- high elasticity, strength, stability and softness of the material,

- ease of manufacturing (working out) material,

- reducing the cost of the material,

- reduction of toxicity and environmental pollution.

Claims (10)

1. Vandal-resistant, fire-blocking upholstery for the seat and back of the chair, made of elastic and consisting of three layers, thermally bonded with polymer glue: a top layer consisting of a textile material with a surface density of 80 to 350 g / m ² , preferably 80-200 g / m ² , not more than 3 mm thick, made of natural or synthetic fibers or their mixtures, treated with a fire retardant, or made of flame-retardant aramid or polyester fibers or modified polyacrylonitrile, a middle reinforcing layer made of knitted metal mesh made of a single metal wire or a bundle of metal wires with a diameter of 0.05 to 0.30 mm with a mesh size of 3 to 9 mm, with an areal density of 100 to 1000 g / m ² , preferably 400-600 g / m ² , a lower layer consisting of a textile material with a surface density of at least 200 g / m ² , made of natural fibers and treated with a fire retardant ohm or made on the basis of oxidized polyacrylonitrile. 2. Material according to claim 1, characterized in that a fabric is used as the textile material for the top layer. 3. Material according to claim 1, characterized in that knitted fabric is used as the textile material for the top layer. 4. Material according to claim 1, characterized in that a non-woven fabric is used as the textile material for the top layer. 5. The material according to claim 1, characterized in that the knitted fabric of the volumetric structure for the middle reinforcing layer is made with an interlaced stitch. 6. The material according to claim 1, characterized in that the knitted fabric of the bulk structure for the middle reinforcing layer is made with a weave of the eraser 1 + 1 type. 7. Material according to claim 1, characterized in that a fabric is used as the textile material for the lower layer. 8. Material according to claim 1, characterized in that a non-woven fabric is used as the textile material for the lower layer. 9. Material according to claim 1, characterized in that a knitted fabric is used as the textile material for the lower layer. 10. The material according to claim 1, characterized in that linen, or cotton, or woolen fibers, or mixtures thereof, with the possible inclusion of synthetic fibers in an amount of not more than 25%, are used as natural fibers for the textile material of the lower layer.

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