RU2726444C1 - Synergistic herbicidal composition and method of protecting cereals - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the agriculture. Synergetic herbicidal composition contains florasulam (I), picloram (II) and an additional herbicide (III) selected from a class of phenoxyacetic acids or sulphonylureas. Weight ratio of component I to sum of components (II+III) is within range of 1:(7÷34). Sulphonylurea herbicide is selected from tribenuron, tribenuron-methyl, methsulfuron-methyl. Additional herbicide from the class of phenoxyacetic acids is selected from esters and salts of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid or from esters and salts of 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid. In order to control undesirable vegetation in crops of grain crops, the present composition is applied in agrochemical-acceptable rates of consumption for weeds subject to destruction and places of their growth, preliminary diluted with water.EFFECT: invention provides improved biological protection of crops of grain crops, increases yield.10 cl, 4 tbl, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to plant protection products, namely to a composition based on three active ingredients. The present invention can be used in agriculture to control annual and perennial weeds in wheat, oats, barley, rye, corn, oats.

Weed control is an ongoing problem in agriculture. Weed plants inhibit the growth and development of agricultural crops and thereby reduce their yield and the quality of the products obtained. Now on the market for plant protection products there are a significant number of drugs. However, they are still not effective enough for individual weeds. In addition, when the same herbicides or herbicide mixtures are applied on the same fields for several years, biologically resistant weed types begin to dominate in these fields. Resistant plants can no longer be controlled by the herbicide even at higher doses. This leads to the abandonment of the use of previously used drugs. Therefore, there is a constant need to develop new herbicidal compositions that offer advantages over known formulations.

Preparations based on tribenuron-methyl and florasulam are in commercial demand and are widely used in agriculture to protect cereals. For example, the Russian drug BOMBA (VDG) by the "August" company (563 g / kg tribenuron-methyl and 187 g / kg florasulam) is widely known (see the List of pesticides and agrochemicals permitted for use on the territory of the Russian Federation, appendix to the journal "Protection and plant quarantine ", Moscow, 2019, No. 4, p. 595). This herbicide is not effective enough against the tenacious bedstraw, medicinal smoke, Theophrastus' cable car, quinoa (species), mari (species), dandelion (species), nightshade (species), chisellet (species), field thistle and others; ineffective - against field bindweed, milkweed, wormwood.

To control weeds in crops of grain crops, the drug Balerina Super, SE (410 g / l of 2-ethylhexyl ester of 2,4-D acid, 15 g / l of florasulam) is also recommended (see List of pesticides and agrochemicals allowed for use on the territory of the Russian Federation, supplement to the journal "Plant Protection and Quarantine", Moscow, 2019, No. 4, p. 359). The following weeds are weakly sensitive to this drug: veronica (species), field bindweed, buttercup (species), spurge (species), black nightshade, tenacious bedstraw, maria (species) and others.

The closest analogue of the invention is a herbicidal composition known from the patent literature based on florasulam and picloram in a weight ratio of (60: 1) ÷ (1:60) (see Chinese application CN 104115848 A, class A01N 43/40, October 29, 2014) ... A method for protecting crops is also known from this document. The specified composition does not destroy cruciferous (in particular, shepherd's purse, field backyard) and cereal weeds.

The aim of the present invention is to develop new combinations of known biologically active substances capable of most effectively suppressing weeds in crops of cereals and maize, including in relation to resistant types of weeds, increasing the yield.

The technical result consists in creating a synergistic herbicidal composition with an extended spectrum of action against annual and perennial dicotyledonous weeds of cereal crops and increased biological efficiency.

The object of the present invention is a herbicidal composition that contains florasulam (I) and picloram (II) in a weight ratio of 1: (1 ÷ 15), as well as an additional herbicide (III), selected from the class of phenoxyacetic acids or sulfonylureas.

The additional sulfonylurea herbicide is selected from tribenuron, tribenuron-methyl, metsulfuron-methyl.

An additional herbicide from the class of phenoxyacetic acids is selected from esters and salts of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D): 2-ethylhexyl, isooctyl ester of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, its ammonium, amine and / or sodium salts can be used ...

An additional herbicide from the class of phenoxyacetic acids is selected from esters and salts of 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (2M-4X): 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester, its ammonium, amine, potassium and / or sodium salts.

The weight ratio of component I to the sum of active components (II + III) is within 1: (7 ÷ 34). The authors have surprisingly found that in this range of weight ratios, a synergistic effect is manifested, i.e. found the range of ratios of active substances, in which such a composition is synergistically effective. In addition, the claimed composition is the most effective and has a wider spectrum of action against annual and perennial dicotyledonous weeds, including problem weeds (in particular, bedstraw, pikulnik, thistle, thistle thistle, chamomile, marsh chamomile), as compared to the known combinations, including overgrown. The combination of active ingredients with different mechanisms of action in the herbicidal composition reduces the risk of resistance.

The herbicidal composition is effective against the following annual and perennial dicotyledonous weeds: cicut stork, wormwood ragweed, astragalus (species), thistle (field, bristly), speckled hemlock, common wart, cornflower (species), syrian wart, veronica (species) hairy, geranium (dissected, tender), field bindweed, field peas (pelyushka), mustard (field, black), highlander (bindweed, leafy, spreading, oxal-leaved), bindweed, bindweed (medicinal, Lesel), delphinium (species) , two-row (species), Sophia's smoking, common dope, smoky medicine, lacfiol jaundice, medium starweed (woodlice), field cabbage, oxalis (species), overturned clover, bedbug (species), stinging nettle, broom tree, common groundwort, cockle (sowing, ordinary), Tatar lettuce, toadflax (species), buttercup (species), blue alfalfa (sowing), lupine (species), samoseyka poppy, field cuff, white marrow, common dandelion, medicinal dandelion ny, common bracken, sow thistle (field, garden, rough), common shepherd's purse, nightshade (prickly, Karolinsky), pickle (species), wormwood (cold, bitter), tenacious bedstraw, weed sunflower, garden purslane, umbilicus (species) , rapeseed carrion, wild radish, chamomile (species, incl. odorless), small-fruited camelina, wild lettuce, common sap, field torus, odorless three-ribbed, tender chrysanthemum, chrysanthemum, rank (species), annual chrysanthemum, sorrel (species), schirica (species, including thrown back), fallopia bindweed, field violet, field jar, lamb (species, including purple) and others.

The claimed composition can be used to protect the following grain crops: wheat and barley (spring and winter crops), rye, oats, corn.

Suitable for this combination of herbicides are both liquid formulations (suspoemulsions, emulsion concentrates, oil-in-water emulsions) and solid formulations (water-dispersible granules, wettable powders). To obtain these formulations, the herbicidal composition additionally contains agrochemically acceptable auxiliary substances, such as fillers, diluents, surfactants, disintegrants, acidity correctors, thickeners, emulsifiers, dispersants, antifreezes, biocides, defoamers and / or colorants.

Water-dispersible granules are spherical or cylindrical agglomerates. Before use, EDG is dispersed in water to form a homogeneous suspension. Granules can be obtained by various known granulation methods from a mixture consisting of a mixture of active substances with a filler, surfactants, and, if necessary, adding an antifoam and other auxiliary substances.

Wettable powders are formulations that are uniformly dispersed in water. The joint venture is made by mixing the active substance with a wetting agent, a dispersing agent and a powder filler, grinded in a mill with a suitable fineness of grinding, then mixed again until a homogeneous product is obtained.

Suspension concentrate is a concentrated suspension of active ingredients in water in the form of a viscous liquid mass. Before use, SC is diluted in water. A suspension concentrate is prepared by grinding a mixture of active ingredients with a diluent, surfactant and antifoam in bead mills until the required solid particle size is reached. After milling, an acidity regulator, thickener and / or color are added to the suspension, if necessary.

Suspoemulsion (SE) is a homogeneous white or yellowish opaque liquid containing a dispersion of particles of one active ingredient suspended in water and emulsified drops of another active ingredient or its solution in an organic solvent. This formulation can also include emulsifiers, as well as dispersants, antifreezes, thickeners, biocides, acidity regulators and water.

Emulsion concentrate is a colloidal solution of active substances in a mixture of a solvent with surfactants, which, when introduced into water, gives stable emulsions. CE is obtained by dissolving active substances and emulsifiers in a water-immiscible solvent.

Emulsions of the "oil-in-water" type are a heterogeneous system in the form of a dispersion of drops of active substances dissolved in a solvent. This formulation may include emulsifiers, as well as dispersants, antifreezes, thickeners, biocides, acidity regulators and water.

As active substances belonging to the patentability combinations used in the prior art herbicides - see reference «The Pesticide Manual», 14 ^th edition, BCPC, UK, 2006 .: florasulam (470, №370.), Picloram. (p. 838, No. 665), tribenuron-methyl (p. 1063, No. 844), metsulfuron-methyl (see p. 725 No. 574), 2,4-D (see p. 269 No. 214), MCPA (see p. 653 No. 517).

As a carrier, both fillers (for example, silica, kaolin, bentonite, aerosil, lactose, natural sugars, sodium sulfate, trisodium phosphate, or mixtures thereof) and diluents (for example, mineral / vegetable oil, methyl alcohols of oils and / or water).

As surfactants, nonionic, anionic and / or cationic surfactants that are commonly used in the technology of preparing formulations can be used, acting as a wetting agent, dispersant and / or emulsifier.

As a leavening agent, calcium citrate or calcium stearate can be used.

Acids such as citric, maleic, succinic and others can be used as an acidity regulator.

As a thickener, xanthan gums, polysaccharides, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, bentonite or silicon dioxide derivatives, and synthetic thickeners can be used.

Glycols, including propylene glycol and tetraethylene glycol, are used as antifreeze if necessary in the claimed invention.

Derivatives of triazines or derivatives of thiadiazoles are used as biocides.

Polydimethylsiloxane can be used as an antifoam agent.

As a colorant, lacquers can be used, for example, which are calcium salts of 2-hydroxy-4 - [(4-methyl-2-sulfo (phenyl)] - azo-2-naphthalenecarboxylic acid, or pigments.

The content of excipients in preparative forms can vary within wide limits.

Another object of the invention is a method for combating undesirable vegetation in cereal crops, which consists in the fact that a herbicidal composition (or a preparation containing said composition) previously diluted with water is applied to the weeds to be destroyed and their places of growth in agrochemically acceptable application rates.

It is most optimal to treat weeds in the early stages of their development: annual dicotyledons - in the phase of 2-6 leaves (height 5-10 cm), perennial root-suckers - in the rosette phase before the start of steming. It is possible to use a herbicidal composition in the presence of overgrown weeds (for example, tenacious bedstraw, types of chamomile, types of thistle and thistle): annual dicotyledons are treated at a height of up to 20 cm, and perennials - until the budding stage.

The claimed composition is a postemergence herbicide of systemic action. The phase of development of cultivated plants at the time of processing - during the period from the tillering phase to the formation of the second internode of the culture (depending on the degree of weediness and the presence of overgrown weeds).

After spraying, the herbicide, hitting the leaves of the weed and the bud, quickly spreads throughout the plant. Within 3 hours after application, the growth of weeds treated with the herbicide is inhibited. They completely stop growing a day after spraying. Visible signs of action (discoloration and curling of leaves, contraction of internodes, reddening of veins, chlorosis of leaves, death of growth points, tissue necrosis) appear after 3-4 days. The final death of weeds occurs 2-3 weeks after treatment.

The following are examples to illustrate the invention. Biological tests were carried out both in laboratory and in the field.

Example 1. Evaluation of the synergistic effect of the composition in laboratory conditions

The experiment was carried out in a laboratory of artificial climate with the following operating mode of the chambers: the duration of the day - 16 hours, nights - 8 hours, daylight illumination -15000 Lx, air temperature - 20 ° C, relative humidity - 75%.

As test objects, we used white gauze, average starweed. These plants are representatives of families that include profiling weeds in agroclimatic zones for growing cereals (wheat, oats, barley, rye, corn, oats).

To carry out the experiment, working suspensions were prepared at various ratios of active substances for the following alternative mixtures of the claimed herbicidal composition:

- based on florasulam, picloram and tribenuron-methyl;

- based on florasulam, picloram and 2-ethylhexyl ester of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid.

Test plants were grown in pots filled with soddy podzolic soil, sand, and peat. Seeds of test plants were sown in each vessel. Next, the plants were culling, removing the largest and smallest specimens.

Test plants were treated in the "cotyledon leaves - appearance of the first leaf" phase of development. The test plants were treated with a LU 1.01 laboratory setup with a VIZR monodisperse disk nebulizer. The consumption of the working suspension during processing was 250 l / ha.

The ground mass of the treated plants was counted 10 days after treatment. The herbicidal effect (BE _fact ) of the variants was assessed by the percentage of reduction in the ground biomass of the treated plants relative to the control, where 0 corresponds to the absence of damage, and 100 corresponds to the complete destruction of the test plant. The results are shown in Tables 1-2.

The effectiveness for a mixture of three biologically active substances in% was calculated using the Colby formula and was determined as follows (COLBY LR "Calculating synergistic and antagonistic responses of herbicide combinations" ("Calculation of the synergistic and antagonistic expected effects of herbicide mixtures"; Weeds 15, pp. 20-22 , 1967), (LIMPEL et al. 1962 "Weeds control by certain combinations". Proc. NEWCL. Vol. 16, pp. 48-53):

BE _calc = (X + Y + Z) - ((X × Y + X × Z + Y × Z) / 100) + (X × Y × Z / 10000)

BE _calc is the calculated biological efficiency with the combined use of active ingredients X, Y, Z.

X is the biological effectiveness of active ingredient X (florasulam) at the same rate of consumption that is used in the mixture.

Y is the biological effectiveness of active ingredient Y (picloram) at the same rate of consumption that is used in the mixture.

Z - biological effectiveness of active ingredient Z (tribenuron-methyl / 2,4-D in the form of ether) at the same consumption rate that is used in the mixture.

Synergy index (BE _fact. / BE _calculated ), having a value greater than 1, indicates synergy. An IS of 1 indicates additivity. When the IP is less than 1, then antagonism is found.

From the examples given in tables 1-2, it can be seen that for mixtures of active substances in the claimed ratios, the actual efficiency is higher than that calculated by the Colby formula, and the synergy index is greater than 1. i. there is a synergistic effect. Test plants (white gauze, medium starweed) are highly sensitive: the actual biological efficiency is 90-100%.

For mixtures with ratios of active substances outside the declared boundary ratios (ratios 1: 6 and 1:35), there is no synergy. The actual biological effectiveness does not exceed 80%.

Example 2. Evaluation of the biological effectiveness of the composition and the yield of spring wheat

Tests of the herbicidal activity of the claimed composition were carried out in field conditions on crops of spring wheat, variety "Akvilon" (small plot experiment, FGBNU "VNIIZR").

For testing, aqueous suspensions of herbicidal compositions based on florasulam, picloram and tribenuron-methyl were prepared at the stated ratios of active substances.

In accordance with the requirements for registration tests of pesticides, the drug Bomba, VDG (563 g / kg tribenuron-methyl + 187 g / kg florasulam), produced by JSC Firm "August", was chosen as a standard.

Vegetative plants were sprayed once using a backpack pneumatic sprayer "Solo-456" with a bar of 1.5 m. The phase of development of spring wheat plants at the time of treatment is tillering. Working fluid consumption - 300 l / ha.

Weed plants were counted 30, 45 days after treatment and before harvesting.

Methods of accounting: by the quantitative-weight method on 4 accounting sites measuring 0.25 m on each plot of the experiment; in accordance with the "Methodological guidelines for registration tests of herbicides in agriculture" (St. Petersburg, 2013).

In the crops on which the research was carried out, prevalent weeds such as white gauze, bindweed fallopia, field bindweed, upturned scabbard, annual chickweed, tenacious bedstraw, beautiful pikulnik, field thistle, field thistle and others.

During the spraying period, annual dicotyledonous weeds had up to 6 leaves (height 5-10 cm), perennial ones - the rosette phase (before the start of stalking).

Evaluated the effectiveness of the patented composition for certain types of weeds in relation to annuals (using the example of the thrown back and the annual) and perennials (using the example of bindweed and sow thistle) dicotyledonous weeds (Table 3).

The yield was determined by weighing the grain obtained from 1 ha of the treated surface and comparing the value obtained with the value obtained in the control.

From the data presented in Table 3, it can be seen that the herbicidal composition with weight ratios of components I: (II + III) equal to 1: (7 ÷ -34) surpasses the standard (Bomba preparation) in biological effectiveness. In 30 days after treatment, there is a complete destruction of annual weeds, and a decrease in perennial weeds - up to 85-100%. The use of the patented herbicidal composition on crops of spring wheat can increase its yield by 10-12%.

The use of the compositions was safe for the test crop (spring wheat).

Example 3. Evaluation of the biological effectiveness of the composition and the yield of oats

Tests of the herbicidal activity of the claimed composition were carried out in the field on crops of oats, variety "Horizon" (small plot experiment, FGBNU Ryazan Research Institute of Agriculture).

For testing, aqueous suspensions of a herbicidal composition based on florasulam, picloram and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester were prepared at the stated ratios of active ingredients.

In accordance with the requirements for registration tests of pesticides, the drug Balerina Super, SE (410 g / l of 2,4-D acid 2-ethylhexyl ester + 15 g / l of florasulam), produced by Firm "August" JSC, was chosen as a standard.

Vegetative plants were sprayed once with a knapsack sprayer. The phase of development of oat plants at the time of processing is tillering. Working fluid consumption - 300 l / ha.

Weed plants were counted 30, 45 days after treatment and before harvesting.

Methods of accounting: by the quantitative-weight method on 4 accounting sites measuring 0.25 m on each plot of the experiment; in accordance with the "Methodological guidelines for registration tests of herbicides in agriculture" (St. Petersburg, 2013).

In the crops on which the research was carried out, prevailing weeds such as field bindweed, upturned scabbard, field thistle, field thistle, medium starlet, shepherd's purse, annual purse and others.

During the spraying period, annual dicotyledons had up to 6 leaves (height 5-10 cm), perennials had a rosette phase (before the start of steming).

Evaluated the effectiveness of the patented composition for certain types of weeds in relation to annuals (using the example of the thrown back and the one-year-old) and perennials (using the example of bindweed and field sow thistle) dicotyledonous weeds (Table 4).

From the data presented in Table 4 it can be seen that the herbicidal composition with the weight ratios of the components I: (II + III) equal to 1: (7 ÷ 34) surpasses the standard (Ballerina Super preparation) in biological effectiveness. In 30 days after treatment, there is a complete destruction of annual weeds, and a decrease in perennial weeds - up to 85-98%. The use of the patented herbicidal composition on oat crops can increase its yield by 5-15%.

The use of the compositions was safe for the test crop (oats).

Field tests carried out on crops of spring wheat and oats have shown that the herbicidal composition in accordance with the present invention is superior in efficiency to its counterparts, especially in terms of suppressing perennial weeds.

Claims (10)

1. A synergistic composition for combating undesirable vegetation in cereal crops, containing florasulam (I) and picloram (II) in a weight ratio of 1: (1 ÷ 15), characterized in that it includes an effective amount of an additional herbicide (III) selected from class of phenoxyacetic acids or sulfonylureas, while the weight ratio of component I to the sum of components (II + III) is within 1: (7 ÷ 34). 2. The herbicidal composition of claim 1, wherein the sulfonylurea herbicide is selected from tribenuron, tribenuron-methyl, metsulfuron-methyl. 3. The herbicidal composition of claim 1, wherein the additional phenoxyacetic acid herbicide is selected from 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid esters and salts. 4. The herbicidal composition according to claim 3, in which 2-ethylhexyl, isooctyl 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid ester, its ammonium, amine and / or sodium salts can be used. 5. The herbicidal composition of claim 1, wherein the additional phenoxyacetic acid herbicide is selected from esters and salts of 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid. 6. The herbicidal composition according to claim 5, in which 2-ethylhexyl ester of 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, its ammonium, amine, potassium and / or sodium salts can be used. 7. The herbicidal composition according to claim 1, characterized in that for the preparation of formulations, it additionally contains agrochemically acceptable auxiliary substances such as fillers, diluents, surfactants, disintegrants, acidity correctors, thickeners, emulsifiers, dispersants, antifreezes, biocides, antifoams and / or dyes. 8. The herbicidal composition according to claim 7, characterized in that it can be presented in the form of a liquid preparative form, for example, in the form of a suspoemulsion, an emulsion concentrate or an oil-in-water emulsion. 9. The herbicidal composition according to claim 7, characterized in that it can be presented in the form of a solid formulation, for example, in the form of water-dispersible granules or a wettable powder. 10. A method of combating undesirable vegetation in crops of grain crops, characterized in that the weeds to be destroyed and their places of growth are applied with a herbicidal composition previously diluted with water according to any one of claims. 1-9 at agrochemically acceptable consumption rates.