RU2725141C1 - Container with a drive for installation of vortex grinding of mixed nuclear fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: nuclear equipment.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to nuclear engineering, in particular to means for producing a homogeneous nuclear fuel from a mixture of uranium dioxide and plutonium. Container with mixed nuclear fuel milling unit comprises titanium barrel loaded with needles made from ferromagnetic steel, separator, platform and shutoff valve with drive. Separator screen is rotatable for 90° with locking in horizontal (closed) and vertical (open) positions and is equipped with drive. Drives of the shutoff valves and the screen of the separator are arranged outside the box and are installed on a bracket designed so that to enable reciprocal movement. Couplings are installed on output shafts of drives of shutoff valves and screen of separator, which are made with possibility of engagement and disengagement with screen of separator and shutoff valves at extreme positions of bracket. Reciprocal movement of the bracket is carried out using a drive.EFFECT: invention makes it possible to open and close the butterfly valve after tight connection of the container with the loading pipe branch pipe seal and to load the powder bypassing the screen of the separator.3 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to nuclear technology, in particular to means for producing homogeneous nuclear fuel from a mixture of uranium and plutonium dioxides.

A known method of producing a homogeneous nuclear fuel from a mixture of uranium and plutonium dioxides (RF patent No. 212247, G21C 21/00) for the manufacture of fuel pellets, comprising mixing the components in the working volume of the mixer, into which magnetic needles are placed and a rotating magnetic field is excited in the winding, resulting in in a circular motion magnetic needles. Moving needles form a vortex layer and provide mixing and grinding of the components.

The known method was carried out as follows. Uranium and plutonium dioxide powders were placed in a non-magnetic titanium glass together with magnetic needles. The glass was placed in an ABC-150 automatic vortex mixer, in which the glass was given axial reciprocating motion. During the experimental verification of the known method, the optimal sizes and material of the magnetic needles were established, ensuring the minimum rubbing of iron into powder, in particular, ShKh-15 bearing steel. It should be noted that the ShKh-15 steel belongs to the class of ferromagnetic steels. This method is used to conduct the operation of mixing uranium and plutonium dioxide at the Federal State Unitary Enterprise Mining and Chemical Combine in the manufacture of mixed nuclear fuel (hereinafter referred to as fuel) in a vortex grinding installation made according to drawing A.48.156.000 developed by SverdNIIkhimmash, OJSC . Yekaterinburg. A container is used in the installation, into which the fuel components are poured into the loading boxes, the ABC-150 automatic vortex mixer in which the components are vortex-milled and mixed, the cooling box and the powder discharge box from the container.

A well-known container with a drive used in a vortex grinding installation consists of a cylindrical glass with needles made of ferromagnetic steel loaded into it, a platform and a ball valve connected by screws. A mesh separator is installed between the upper part of the glass and the platform, which is pressed by the platform to the glass through the gasket. The mesh separator serves to make it possible to pour out the powder, holding the needles in the glass when tipping the container. The shut-off armature (ball valve) is attached to the platform from above, while the holes in the ball of the open valve, the platform and the glass are aligned. On the side faces of the platform, grooves are made for engaging the container. The cylindrical glass is made of titanium. The ball valve is a housing closed on both sides by flanges. Inside, on the half shafts, a locking element (ball) with a cylindrical hole is installed in the sealing rings. The ball is made of stainless steel 12X18H10T, and the sealing rings are made of F-4 fluoroplastic. On the upper flange of the ball valve is made an inlet equipped with a conical chamfer. The ball valve drive consists of a gear mounted on the drive axle shaft, which engages with a gear rack. A gear rack is installed in the housing in rails with the possibility of vertical movement, as well as upper and lower stops for stopping the rack installed inside the loading boxes.

Known container is used in the installation as follows.

From the loading box, the weighing container is transferred by the conveyor to the first loading box and mounted on the cross posts. Using a drive, the crosspiece with the container is lifted up.

When the container is lifted, the gear rack of the ball valve abuts against the upper stop, after which, with the further lifting of the container, the gear starts rolling around the gear rack stopped by the stop, turning the locking element (ball) together with the drive axle and opening the ball valve. At the same time, at the end of the opening of the ball valve, its upper flange is pressed against the seal of the loading pipe branch. From the dispenser, a fuel component in the form of powder is fed into the container through the loading pipeline, while the powder is poured onto the separator grid and passes through it into the glass. After loading, the container is lowered, while after stopping the gear rack in the lower stop, when the container is further lowered, the gear begins to rotate, rolling around the stopped gear rack, and closes the ball valve. The container is lowered and transferred by the conveyor to the second loading box, where the second fuel component is poured into the container in the same way, and then the third component is added to the third loading box, while the dispersion of the loaded powder should ensure its passage through the mesh cells of the separator. After loading the fuel components, the container is successively conveyed by conveyors to the weighing box, ABC-150 automatic vortex mixer, in which the mixture of powders is ground and homogenized by rotating the ferromagnetic needles with an electromagnetic field, a cooling box and an unloading box.

The main disadvantage of the known container is that the interaction of the upper stop with the gear rack of the ball valve, and, consequently, the opening of the shutoff valves (ball valve), begins to be carried out in the process of lifting the container before pressing the upper flange of the valve to the seal of the boot pipe connection. Similarly, the interaction of the lower stop with the gear rack of the ball valve and, consequently, the closing of the ball valve occurs during the lowering of the container after the gap between the upper flange of the valve and the seal of the boot pipe connection is formed. Thus, during the opening and closing of the tap, the inner cavity of the container with the powder loaded into it communicates with the inner cavity of the box, which, if there is powder dust in the container after loading, leads to aerosol contamination of the inner surfaces of the loading boxes and the outer surfaces of the container.

In addition, when monitoring the microstructure of the fuel pellets in them, among the homogeneous finely dispersed medium, the presence of single particles was detected that emanated in size from the microstructure of the tablet, and in size approximately corresponding to the particles loaded into the container in the loading boxes. The presence of such particles in the tablet can be explained by the fact that a small part of the powder is retained on the separator grid without waking up in the container glass when loading the components. Due to the small angle of repose of the powder and its tendency to arch formation, under certain conditions, apparently, when the powder enters the mesh with a flow rate exceeding the mesh throughput, a powder slide may remain on the mesh after loading. The powder remaining on the grid is not subjected to grinding and homogenization by rotation of the needles in an ABC-150 automatic vortex mixer, and when unloaded it enters the homogenized mixture.

Shaking powder from separators in a shaking box (Utility Model Patent No. 188115, G21C 21/00), based on vertical vibrations of a basket with a container by an inertial vibrator, leads to undesirable effects of vibration on a high-precision weighing complex in an adjacent weighing box.

In addition, during the operation of known containers, there is a constant increase in the opening and closing forces of a ball valve due to an increase in the friction force in conjugation between the ball and the sealing rings, up to the ball jamming. The reason for the increase in the friction force is the ingress of powder into the gap between the ball and the seat. The powder has high abrasive properties, and the o-rings in which the ball is installed cannot completely isolate the ball-o-ring conjugation from the ingress of powder, especially in an inverted container when the powder is on a closed ball and when turned to open it enters pairing "ball - o-rings".

Known container adopted by the applicant as a prototype. The tasks to which the invention is directed is to reduce pollution in the boxes when loading the powder into the container and unloading it, the absence of powder on the separator after loading the container and eliminating jamming of the locking element.

The technical result that can be obtained by carrying out the invention is to open and close the shutoff valves after tightly coupling the container with the seal of the nozzle of the loading pipe and loading the powder, bypassing the separator mesh.

To achieve the specified technical result in a known container containing a titanium glass loaded with needles made of ferromagnetic steel, a separator, a platform and shut-off valves with a drive, the separator grid is mounted with the possibility of rotation by 90 ° with fixing in horizontal (closed) and vertical (open) ) positions and is equipped with a drive.

The actuators of the shutoff valves and the separator mesh are placed outside the box and mounted on a bracket made with the possibility of reciprocating movement. Couplings are mounted on the output shafts of the drives of the shutoff valves and the separator mesh, made with the possibility of coupling and disengagement with the grid by the separator and the shutoff valves at the extreme positions of the bracket, while the reciprocating movement of the bracket is carried out using the drive.

In the particular case of execution, a disk shutter is used as stop valves.

In another particular case of execution, a pin and a spring-loaded retainer with a spike are attached to the separator body, and a sector equipped with a radial and end grooves is attached to the drive shaft, so that the retainer stud is placed in the radial groove with the separator mesh horizontal, and the pin in the end a groove in the vertical position of the separator grid.

Installing the separator grid with the possibility of rotation by 90 ° allows you to translate the grid from a horizontal (closed) position to a vertical (open) position before loading the powder into the container, freeing up the passage section of the glass to load the powder almost completely. The transfer of the grid from a vertical (open) position to a horizontal (closed) position allows for the retention of ferromagnetic needles in a glass when unloading powder from an inverted container.

Fixing the separator grid in a horizontal (closed) position allows the container to be unloaded in the unloading box by tipping the container and pouring powder from the inverted cup through the separator grid with a guaranteed delay in the ferromagnetic needle glass. Fixing the separator grid in a vertical (open) position allows the powder to be loaded at a strictly vertical position of the grid, freeing up the passage section of the powder cup almost completely, and ensuring powder loading, bypassing the separator grid and the absence of powder on the grid after loading the container.

The connection of the separator grid with the drive allows you to rotate the grid remotely.

Placing the drive of shut-off valves and the drive of the separator grid outside the box allows to simplify their maintenance during operation. The fastening of the valves of the shutoff valves and the separator grid on the bracket, which is mounted with the possibility of reciprocating movement, and the installation on the output shafts of the drives of the couplings, made with the possibility of coupling and disengagement with the drive shafts of the grid of the separator and the shutoff valves at the extreme positions of the bracket, allows for movement the bracket to the extreme position of the clutch with the drive shafts of the separator grid and the shutoff valves, and opening them after completely raising the proposed container and pressing its upper part to the seal of the boot pipe branch. This eliminates the message of the internal cavities of the container and the loading box and ensures the absence of powder on the separator grid when loading the container. Coupling the couplings with the shafts of the separator grid and the shutoff valves allows, after the powders are fully loaded, to close the shutoff valves and transfer the separator grid to a horizontal position with its fixation in the closed position.

Moving the bracket after loading to the extreme position pushed away from the box and disengaging the couplings with the shafts of the separator mesh and shutoff valves allows the container to be lowered and transported to the next box. As a result, the opening of the shutoff valves after sealing the container’s interface with the seal of the loading pipe nozzle allows to reduce aerosol pollution in the boxes when loading powder into the container, and loading the powder after moving the separator screen to a vertical (open) position ensures the absence of powder on the screen after loading.

Subsequent operations with the container are carried out with the separator mesh fixed in the closed position. The implementation of the reciprocating movement of the bracket using the drive allows you to automate the loading process of the container.

The use of a disk shutter as a shutoff valve avoids friction in the pair “locking element (disk) - seat” and eliminates jamming of the locking element (disk).

Attachment of a pin and a spring-loaded lock with a spike to the separator case, and to a drive shaft of a sector equipped with a radial and end grooves, made in such a way that the lock spike is placed in the radial groove with the separator horizontal, and the pin in the end groove with the vertical position of the lock, allows for reliable fixation of the separator mesh. The pin is removed from the end groove of the sector by turning the drive shaft when moving the separator grid from a vertical to a horizontal position. The pin of the clamp from the radial groove of the sector is carried out by pressing the head of the clamp and the descent of the sector from the spike and the subsequent rotation of the drive shaft when moving the separator grid from horizontal to vertical.

The inventive drive container is illustrated in the drawings shown in FIG. 1 - FIG. 6.

In FIG. 1 shows a sectional view of a container with a closed separator grid and a butterfly valve;

in FIG. 2 - sectional separator;

in FIG. 3 is a view B in FIG. 2;

in FIG. 4 - container drive;

in FIG. 5 - a container with an open separator grid and a disk shutter when loading powder;

in FIG. 6 - container with a closed separator grid and an open disk shutter during powder unloading.

The container (see Fig. 1) consists of interconnected cup 1, a square platform 2, a separator 3, a shutter 4 and a neck 5. The container is equipped with a drive 6 located outside the box 7 and attached to its wall 8.

The glass 1 is made of titanium and filled with needles 9 made of bearing steel SHX-15, related to ferromagnetic steels.

A square platform 2 is attached to the glass 1 with grooves 10 and a central hole 11.

The separator 3 (see Fig. 2 and 3) is attached to the platform 2 and contains a housing 12 with the upper 13 and lower 14 flanges. A mesh 15 is placed inside the housing 12, the axles 16 and 17 of which are installed in the diametrical hole 18 of the lower flange 14. The drive shaft 19 is connected to the axle shaft 16 with a lever 20 and a sector 21 mounted on it, provided with a radial 22 and an end 23 grooves.

Above the drive shaft 19 in the sleeve 24 connected to the housing 12, a spring 25 and a retainer 26 are installed, in which a spike 27 and a groove 28 are made between the ends 29 and 30 of the spike 27 and the retainer 26. With the mesh 15 horizontal, the spike 27 enters a radial groove 22 sectors 21. In the housing 12, a pin 31 is installed, which enters the end groove 23 of sector 21 with the vertical position of the mesh 15.

The shutter 4 is attached to the upper flange 13 of the separator 3 and contains the actual disk shutter 32, on the drive shaft 33 of which is mounted a lever 34 with a tension spring 35.

The neck 5 is attached to the shutter 4 and consists (Fig. 3) of the housing 36 with a Central hole 37 and transport hooks 38.

The drive 6 of the container (see Fig. 4) contains the drive 39 of the disk shutter 4 and the drive 40 of the mesh 15 of the separator 3, located outside the box 7 and mounted on the bracket 41. The bracket 41 is made with the possibility of reciprocating movement along the guides 42 using the actuator 43 On the output shafts of the actuators 39 and 40, couplings 44 and 45 are installed, the shafts 46 and 47 of which pass through the sealing assemblies 48 attached to the box wall 7. The fingers 49 are attached to the ends of the shafts 46 and 47, which mesh with the levers 34 and 20 of the disk the shutter 4 and the mesh 15 of the separator 3 when the bracket 41 approaches the box 7 with the actuator 43 and disengages when the bracket 41 is removed from the box 7.

When loading the powder into the container (see Fig. 5) its neck 5 interacts with the seal 50 of the pipe 51 of the loading pipe.

When unloading the powder from the container in the unloading box 52 (see Fig. 6), the neck 5 of the container turned over by the tilter 53 is placed coaxially with the powder unloading nozzle 54.

The proposed container with the drive is used as follows.

Upon receipt of the container in the first box 7 loading it is installed on the rack crosses (not shown), which the container is lifted up. After tightened the neck 5 (Fig. 5) to the seal 50 of the pipe 51 by the drive 43, the bracket 41 is transferred to the extreme position closest to the box 7. In this position, the fingers 49 engage with the levers 20 and 34 of the mesh 15 of the separator 3 and the disk shutter 4, and the shaft end 47, abutting the end face 30 of the retainer 26, moves the retainer 26, compressing the spring 25 and removing the spike 27 from the radial groove 22 of the sector 21 and placing sector 21 in the groove 28. The actuators 39 and 40 translate the shutter disk 4 and the mesh 15 of the separator 3, respectively, in the vertical (open) position. From the dispenser, a fuel component in the form of a powder is fed into the glass 1 of the container through the loading pipeline (not shown), and the powder is poured into the glass 1 through a free section of the housing 12 of the separator 3, bypassing the mesh 15. Next, the shutter disk 4 is transferred by the actuators 39 and 40 and the grid 15 of the separator 3 in the horizontal (closed) position and the actuator 43 move the bracket 41 to the extreme position remote from the box 7. In this position, the fingers 49 disengage from the levers 20 and 34 of the separator 3 and the butterfly valve 4, and the spring 25 returns the latch 26 to its original position, introducing the spike 27 into the radial groove 22 of the sector 21 and fixing the mesh 15 of the separator 3 in a horizontal position. Then the container is lowered and transported to load the second component in the next loading box, which is carried out identically to the first load.

After loading, the mixture of powders in the container is crushed and homogenized by rotating the ferromagnetic needles 9 with an electromagnetic field, cooled and fed into the unloading box 52. The container in the unloading box 52 is turned over by a tilter 53, after which the shutter disk 32 is turned into a vertical (open) position. A homogenized mixture of powders wakes up through the mesh 15 of the separator 3, and the ferromagnetic needles 9 remain in the glass 1. After unloading and measuring the weight, the container again enters the loading box 7.

Claims (3)

1. A container with a drive for setting the grinding of mixed nuclear fuel, containing a titanium cup loaded with needles made of ferromagnetic steel, a separator, a platform and shut-off valves with a drive, characterized in that the separator grid is mounted rotatably by 90 ° with horizontal locking (closed) and vertical (open) positions and is equipped with a drive, the valves of the shutoff valves and the separator mesh are located outside the box and mounted on an arm made with the possibility of reciprocating movement, couplings are installed on the output shafts of the drives of the shutoff valves and the separator mesh clutch and disengage with the separator grid and shutoff valves at the extreme positions of the bracket, while the reciprocating movement of the bracket is carried out using the drive. 2. The container according to claim 1, characterized in that a disk shutter is used as a stop valve. 3. The container according to claim 1, characterized in that a pin and a spring-loaded retainer with a spike are attached to the separator body, and a sector equipped with a radial and end grooves is attached to the separator drive shaft, so that the retainer spike is placed in the radial groove in a horizontal position separator mesh, and the pin in the end groove - with the vertical position of the separator mesh.

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