RU2723375C2 - Method of maintaining visual performance and preventing visual fatigue of a person - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine; labor physiology; engineering psychology.

SUBSTANCE: invention is intended for normalizing the functional state of the visual analyzer of a human operator and maintaining the required level of visual performance. Systematically, according to the developed scheme, courses of ophthalmic training are carried out, including exercises affecting all basic visual functions, using an expanded number of exercises to improve distinguishing ability and binocular interaction. From disparate exercises physiologically grounded complexes are formed, in which there are effects on the main visual functions and eye strain taking into account prevailing form of asthenopia in operators of precision professions. At that, the ophthalmic training system includes exercises based on laser speckle-based technologies.

EFFECT: method ensures preservation during the whole period of observation of high visual acuity, not less than required for professional activity, increased range of accommodation, increasing the distance from the nearest to the further point of clear vision, maintaining normal value and correct ratio of positive and negative fusional reserves, maintaining stable binocular vision, maintaining stereoscopic vision, maintaining spatial-contrast sensitivity at the level required for professional activity.

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Description

The invention relates to a system for the formation and maintenance of the necessary operability of operators (FIPRO), physiology of work, engineering psychology, and is intended to normalize the functional state of the visual analyzer of a human operator and maintain the necessary level of visual performance during correction sessions before, after, and during breaks in during a long shift.

During a long shift in a human operator, the formation and development of asthenopia, the clinical symptom complex of visual fatigue, is one of the most common and difficult to eliminate sensory disorders of the visual system. Visual fatigue is a violation of the stability of visual perception and the functional state of the visual analyzer that occurs during the period of professional activity. The relevance of the problem is explained by the special role of the visual analyzer in production activities, and the difficulty of solving is explained by the specificity of the functional systems of vision. In ergatic systems, which form the basis of industry, transport, communications, people are the most important link in the receipt, processing and implementation of video information. At present, professional activity is acquiring new forms, in the characterization of which intensification and automation become central. Work in these conditions is associated with overstrain, primarily visual, which leads to visual fatigue, the formation and development of professional ophthalmopathy, and this is fraught with an increase in the number of errors of the human operator when performing basic professional activities.

The most common complications associated with constant visual fatigue include: a decrease in the speed (slowdown) of production operations, errors and a decrease in the accuracy of actions, impaired observation function (decreased concentration of attention), weakening of voluntary and involuntary attention, a complex of various autonomic disorders.

Another aspect of asthenopia is also relevant - the effect of chronic visual fatigue on the formation and development of myopia. Therefore, the prevention of visual fatigue is a factor in preventing the occurrence of professional myopia.

Known ophthalmotoring methods:

- the method of “buildup” of accommodation V.V. Volkova, L.N. Kolesnikova (1972), as well as methods for the diagnosis and treatment of accommodation spasms (Electronic resource: https://zreni.ru/4422-metody-diagnostiki-i-lecheniya-spazmov-akkomodacii.html, 2015), based on the phenomenon of achieving the same clarity the vision of the test object when alternating plus and minus glasses of equally increasing diopter is attached to the eye;

- training the ciliary muscle according to the method of K.A. Matz, E.S. Avetisova (1974), (Electronic resource: http://healthnative.ru/lech/lechenie-blizorukosti/vosstanovlenie-akkomodacionnoj-funkcii-glaz.html, 2010), based on the achievement of a clear vision of a shallow test object at various distances in the zone near and far vision.

A known method of vision correction (patent RU 2391085, IPC А61Н 5/00, December 29, 2008), which consists in performing gymnastics for the eyes using a flat information carrier in the form of a text stereogram for visual reading, where the read information is presented in the form of an even number of columns located next to each other more than two, with each column located inside the rectangle, and the visual reading of information is carried out by alternate parallel and cross methods of reading stereograms with an interval of 1-3 minutes, with a time of each reading method equal to 15-20 minutes.

These methods are not complexes, and contain isolated exercises that affect only one visual function - accommodation.

For the first time, an ophthalmotoring complex for optimizing the functional state of the visual analyzer was proposed by S. L. Shapovalov and Milyavskoy T.I. (A guide to the diagnosis and functional treatment of binocular disorders (with atlas). - M., 2015). It included exercises aimed at training accommodation, distinctiveness, and binocular interaction. One variant of the complex was proposed, based on the early symptoms of the formation of myopia, without taking into account signs of visual fatigue.

A known method of correcting the functional state of the visual analyzer and maintaining visual performance in pilots: Ushakov IB et al., a comprehensive methodology for “operational” and “long-term” correction of functional visual impairment in aviation specialists. (Electronic resource: http://www.macdel.ru/metod_avia.php), 2016. The method consists in using the methods of performing exercises for independent training of the most important visual functions. However, these techniques do not represent variants of practically grouped complexes, but are separate exercises set forth in groups of visual functions: a total of 13 exercises for training and 7 for relieving eye strain.

The closest solution to the claimed is a method of accommodation training (patent RU 2613084, IPC АВВ 3/00, 08/27/2015), which includes most of the exercises used and positively proven in domestic and foreign ophthalmology for the prevention of visual fatigue and training of visual functions.

However, in the method there are no options for complexes-combinations of exercises for performing all the most important visual functions and relieving eyestrain during one training session. In addition, exercises are insufficiently presented to increase the distinguishing ability and binocular interaction.

Thus, it has been established that in modern types of ophthalmotraining there is no system for conducting measures to prevent visual fatigue, and options for individual exercises are offered for the individual choice by the operator himself. The choice of exercises, despite a significant amount and variety, is insufficient for the prevention of all types of asthenopia.

The invention is aimed at solving the following problems:

- enhancing and maintaining the necessary performance of operators of precision professions, the ability to stable professional visual perception during the operator's activity while maintaining the necessary level of the functional state of the visual analyzer, especially when working with eyestrain and non-standard (non-standardized) working conditions;

- creation of reserves of visual functions;

- prevention of visual fatigue in operators of visually-intense work due to the systematic implementation of physiologically based ophthalmotoring before, during and after work.

To solve the tasks, a method for maintaining the performance and prevention of visual fatigue in operators of precision professions is proposed, characterized by the fact that, according to the developed scheme, they conduct ophthalmotoring courses, including exercises that affect all the main visual functions. At the same time, an expanded number of exercises is used to increase the distinguishing ability and binocular interaction, physiologically based complexes are formed from disparate exercises, in which effects on the main visual functions and removal of visual tension are provided, taking into account the prevailing form of asthenopia in operators of specific professions. The ophthalmotoring system includes exercises based on technology based on laser speckles. To form a laser speckle, low-intensity red laser radiation is used at a radiation power of 1-5 mW, such as a laser pointer, and a laser speckle is formed on a rough surface when it is illuminated with coherent light. Physiologically justified sets of exercises include mobile and stationary schemes, allowing to take into account the features of the production activities of operators, while the complexes combine training exercises and relaxing.

Various, but equivalent in effect, options are offered - combinations of training basic visual functions and relieving eyestrain.

The advantage of the laser speckle-based exposure method is the combination of the specificity and adequacy of the stimulus for a certain visual function, the possibility of dosed presentation of the stimulus, the wide range of individualization of the complex, the use of exercises depending on the leading mechanism of visual function impairment.

In the “granular” speckle structure, each light point plays the role of a stimulus that affects the activity of the structural elements of the retina. Changes in the density of “graininess”, the absence of dependence of speckle construction on the optical properties of the eye, strict orientation in the direction, and ensuring organized shift of interference points create the possibility of active stimulation and formation of receptive fields (a set of receptors on the retina, within which the spatial and temporal distribution of light energy is converted falling on these receptors) at all structural levels of the visual analyzer. The use of laser speckles makes it possible to conduct directed training of binocular interactions (combining monocular functional systems in the process of visual work) of the receptive fields of the retina.

The use of methods based on laser speckles significantly increases the efficiency of exposure to such visual functions as distinguishing ability and binocular interaction due to the specific features of low-energy laser radiation.

The physiological basis for the use of laser speckles in order to increase the distinctive ability is that they are an effective means of training the receptive fields of the retina.

Laser speckles can be considered as a visual picture of the static distribution of interference noise, which is characterized by a random distribution on the plane of contrasting areas of a strictly defined increased (brightly glowing) and reduced (black) brightness. The main parameters of interference noise used in physiology are the “graininess” and the size of individual “grains”. A directed change in these parameters makes it possible to act on the primary mechanisms of processing visual information in the retina. For this, changes in the brightness of the laser beam and the choice of the position of the receiving screen at a certain distance from the reflecting surface are applied.

The unique properties of laser speckle contribute to increasing the efficiency of training, of which monochromaticity, coherence, low divergence of the radiation flux, and the ability to obtain high image sharpness when focusing play a special role. For ophthalmotraining, the most important features are sensitivity to spherical aberration, the ratio of brightness and contrast, and the absence of a test form.

Ophthalmotraining for accommodation asthenopia solves the following problems:

- an increase in the area of accommodation (the depth of the space in which the accommodation reflex is realized), determined by the position of the nearest and further points of clear vision;

- an increase in the volume of accommodation, representing the algebraic difference between refractions in the position of the nearest point of clear vision and refraction in the further point of clear vision;

- maintaining the stability of accommodation and the adequacy of the accommodation response in various working areas: the near vision optical working area - the optical installation area of the eye at the maximum accommodation voltage and stable fixation of objects when they are observed at a finite distance in front of the eye, the long-range visual working area - the installation area of the optical system eyes on objects located at infinity, the visual working area of intermediate optical installations - the area of the optical installation with a minimum voltage of accommodation (relative peace of accommodation);

- a decrease in the degree of anisoaccomodation, if any;

- maintaining the optimal accommodation / convergence ratio.

Ophthalmotraining for neuroreceptive asthenopia is:

- training visual fixation;

- preservation of the reflex of bifixation;

- maintaining or increasing spatial contrast sensitivity;

- increase in distinguishing ability;

- removal of overstress of receptive fields of the retina.

Ophthalmotraining for muscular asthenopia includes:

- restoration of the strength and stability of the oculomotor muscles;

- elimination of discoordination in the oculomotor apparatus;

- restoration of binocular installations and the creation of conditions for their implementation.

Ophthalmotraining for projective asthenopia includes:

- preservation of binocular vision;

- increase fusional reserves and maintaining a normal ratio of positive and negative fusional reserves.

The combination of relaxing and training exercises in the complexes allows not only to improve visual functions that are lower than normal, but also to relieve overstrain of those functions whose level remained within the normal range, but decreased relative to the state at the beginning of the work shift, which is manifested by subjective nonspecific symptoms (lacrimation, periodic fogging, foreign body feeling, etc.).

The presence in the variants of the proposed complexes of mobile and stationary circuits makes it possible to take into account the peculiarities of the production activities of the operators and makes the implementation of measures for the prevention of visual fatigue more effective and convenient in execution.

The alternation in the scheme of ophthalmotoring during the year of courses of preventive measures and breaks ensures the long-term maintenance of the visual performance of the operators and does not require special organizational measures.

A method for the prevention of visual fatigue and removal of visual overstrain is as follows.

Laser point speckle exercises that have a positive effect on eye accommodation and distinctiveness.

Exercise number 1

The exercise is performed with the right eye. To form the laser speckle, low-intensity laser radiation of the red range is used (the radiation power is 1-5 mW) (such as a laser pointer) (hereinafter referred to as the laser pointer). The laser pointer is installed at a distance of at least 1 m from the matte screen in black, is fixed with the help of latches and turns on. The laser pointer beam is directed to the screen (a dotted speckle appears - a structure equivalent to a point). The human operator (hereinafter - the operator) is located at a distance of 3 m from the screen. Using the shutter, the left eye is closed. The operator looks at the speckle speckle and gradually approaches the screen to the distance from which the point is visible as distinctly and vividly as possible. After reaching the specified distance, it is necessary to move back up to 3 m from the screen, trying to maintain a clear image of the point. The exercise is repeated 10 times.

The positive effect is the absence or reduction of the phenomenon of "blur" of the point.

Exercise number 2

Held by the left eye. The procedure is similar to exercise number 1.

Exercise number 3

It is carried out with two eyes (binocular). The procedure is similar to exercise number 1.

Exercises using a speckled laser speckle, which have a positive effect on the discriminating ability when working with one eye and optimizing binocular interaction when working with two eyes.

Exercise number 4

The laser pointer is installed at a distance of at least 1 m from the matte screen in black, is fixed with the help of latches and turns on. The laser pointer beam is directed to the screen (a dotted speckle appears - a structure equivalent to a point). The operator is placed at a distance of 3 m from the screen. Using the shutter, the left eye is closed. The operator looks at the speckle speckle. A flap with a slit 1.5-2.0 mm wide and is installed in front of the right eye. The speckle is thus visible in the form of a line or an oval. Slow rotation of the slit clockwise or counterclockwise determines the position at which the line or oval is most elongated. The slider damper locks in this position. In this position, the operator looks through the gap at the speckle for 2 minutes. Then the shutter with the slit rotates 90 degrees and the operator looks through the slit at the speckle for another 2 minutes.

The positive effect is the absence or reduction of the phenomenon of "blur" of the point.

Exercise number 5

Held by the left eye. The procedure is similar to exercise number 4.

Exercise number 6

The exercise is carried out with two eyes. The laser pointer is installed at a distance of at least 1 m from the matte screen in black, is fixed with the help of latches and turns on. The laser pointer beam is directed to the screen (a dotted speckle appears - a structure equivalent to a point). The operator is placed at a distance of 3 m from the screen. Using the shutter, the left eye is closed. The operator looks at the speckle speckle. A flap with a slit 1.5-2.0 mm wide is installed in front of the right eye. The speckle is thus visible in the form of a line or an oval. Slow rotation of the slit clockwise or counterclockwise determines the position at which the line or oval is most elongated. The slider damper locks in this position. Then, using the shutter, the right eye closes. The operator looks at the speckle speckle. A shutter with a slit 1.5-2.0 mm wide is taken and placed in front of the left eye. The operator looks at the speckle speckle through the gap. The speckle is thus visible in the form of a line or an oval. Slow rotation of the slit determines the position at which the line or oval is most elongated. The slider damper locks in this position. The shutter in front of the right eye is removed. The operator looks with two eyes through the cracks at the speckle for 2 minutes. Then the slider shutters rotate 90 degrees and the operator looks through the slots for speckle for another 2 minutes.

The positive effect is the absence or reduction of the phenomenon of "blur" of the point.

Laser dot speckle exercises that increase positive and negative fusional reserves.

Exercise number 7

The exercise is performed with two eyes. The laser pointer is installed at a distance of at least 1 m from the matte screen in black, is fixed with the help of latches and turns on. The laser pointer beam is directed to the screen (a dotted speckle appears - a structure equivalent to a point). The operator is placed at a distance of 3 m from the screen. The operator looks at the speckle speckle. In front of each eye, shutters are installed with a slit 1.5-2.0 mm wide vertically, so that a single speckle image is visible with both eyes (the operator finds the distance between the slits at which the point image is single). After this, flaps with a slit slowly shift towards the nose until the speckle disappears from the field of view. After the image disappears, the slots slowly move apart to the same distance. The exercise is repeated 10 times.

A positive effect is an increase in the distance by which slots are moved and moved apart and its preservation at the maximum level for a given operator.

Exercise number 8

The exercise is performed with two eyes. The laser pointer is installed at a distance of at least 1 m from the matte screen in black, is fixed with the help of latches and turns on. The laser pointer beam is directed to the screen (a dotted speckle appears - a structure equivalent to a point). The operator is placed at a distance of 3 m from the screen. The operator looks at the speckle speckle. In front of each eye, shutters are installed with a slit 1.5-2.0 mm wide vertically, so that a single speckle image is visible with both eyes (the operator finds the distance between the slits at which the point image is single). After this, the slider shutters slide apart towards the temples until the speckle disappears from sight. After the image disappears, the slots slowly shift to the previous distance. The exercise is repeated 10 times.

A positive effect is an increase in the distance by which slots are moved and moved apart and its preservation at the maximum level for a given operator.

Exercises for the functional correction of accommodation.

Exercise number 9

The exercise is performed with the right eye. The exercise is performed using a text table with fonts of various sizes. Persons with myopia perform exercises without glasses, with emmetropia - with glasses +2.0 diopters, people with hyperopia and presbyopia - with glasses +3.0 diopters, or in their glasses. The left eye closes. The gaze is recorded on the text that is easiest to read (text No. 4 is optimal, corresponding to a visual acuity of 0.7 for near). A table with text approaches the eye until the text becomes blurry (impossible to read). Then the table with the text moves away from the eye in a horizontal plane (parallel to the floor) to the distance of the outstretched arm. The image will appear blurry. Further, the table with the text slowly approaches the eye until the text becomes clearly visible. As soon as the text becomes clearly visible - it is necessary to quickly bring the table closer to the eye until the moment when the text becomes blurry. Next, the table with the text slowly moves away from the eye until the text again becomes clearly visible. The exercise is repeated 10 times.

A positive effect is an increase in the distance between the points of near and far clear vision; maintaining symmetry of accommodation indicators in both eyes. In this case, a change in distance should occur due to a change in the position of both points - removing the further and approximating the nearest one.

Exercise number 10

Exercise is performed by the left eye. The right eye is closed. The procedure is similar to exercise No. 9.

Exercise number 11

The exercise is performed with the right eye. The left eye is closed by a shutter or palm. The operator takes in his right hand a test object with a pointed end. The gaze is fixed on its pointed tip. A test object with a pointed end slowly moves in a horizontal plane (parallel to the floor) towards the eye until the image is blurred. After that, the test object with a pointed end moves away from the eye to the distance of the outstretched arm. The exercise is repeated 10 times.

A positive effect is the absence of unpleasant subjective sensations.

A modification of the exercise is a variant using a ruler for training accommodation and convergence (strips with test objects of various shapes and colors plotted on the center line). The operator puts the ruler to the lower edge of the orbit, and moves the eye with sequential fixation on the test objects. Persons with myopia perform exercises without glasses, with emmetropia - with glasses +2.0 diopters, people with hyperopia and presbyopia - with glasses +3.0 diopters, or in their glasses.

The exercise is repeated 10 times.

Exercise number 12

Exercise is performed by the left eye. The right eye is closed by a shutter or palm. The left eye is open. The procedure is similar to exercise No. 11.

Exercise number 13

The exercise is performed with the right eye. The left eye is closed by a shutter or a hand. To complete the exercise, a table with text is taken. The gaze is recorded on the text that is easiest to read (text No. 4 is optimal, corresponding to a visual acuity of 0.7 for near). Next, the text is read with the right eye at a distance at which reading does not require any effort. Then the table with the text slowly approaches until the moment of reading difficulty. Next, the page with the text slowly returns to its original position. Then it slowly moves away until the moment of difficulty or inability to read. The cycle is repeated 10 times.

The positive effect is an increase in the zone in which reading is possible and its further preservation at the maximum level achieved.

Exercise number 14

Exercise is performed by the left eye. The right eye is closed by a shutter or a hand. The procedure is similar to exercise number 13. Exercise number 15

The exercise is performed with two eyes. The procedure is similar to exercises No. 13 and No. 14.

Exercises for functional correction of the oculomotor system. Exercise number 16

Exercise to stimulate convergence. The exercise is performed with two eyes (binocular). To perform the exercise, a racket with a test mark in the form of a white circle with a diameter of 5 mm on a dark background is used. A racket with a test mark is taken in the right hand. The right hand is stretched to the maximum in the horizontal plane (parallel to the floor) so that the test mark is at the same distance from each eye. The test mark is fixed with two eyes. Further, the test mark slowly (speed - not more than 1 cm in 1 s) approaches in the horizontal plane (parallel to the floor) towards the tip of the nose until the appearance of double vision. After that, the test mark slowly returns to its original position. The exercise is performed 10 times once a day.

A positive effect is the maximum approach to the eye and maintaining at the level of a normal value.

Exercise number 17

The exercise is performed with two eyes (binocular). The operator takes in his right hand a test object with a pointed end. The right hand is stretched as far as possible in the horizontal plane (parallel to the floor) so that the test object with a pointed end is at the same distance from each eye. A test object with a pointed end is fixed with two eyes. Further, the test object with a pointed end slowly (speed - not more than 1 cm in 1 s) approaches in the direction of the tip of the nose in a horizontal plane (parallel to the floor) until double vision appears. After that, the test object with a pointed end slowly returns to its original position. The exercise is performed 10 times once a day.

The positive effect is the closest approach to the eye to the level of normal values.

A modification of the exercise is a variant using a ruler for training accommodation and convergence (strips with test objects of various shapes and colors plotted on the center line). The operator puts the ruler to the tip of the nose, and moves the eye with sequential fixation on test objects. Persons with myopia perform exercises without glasses, with emmetropia - with glasses +2.0 diopters, people with hyperopia and presbyopia - with glasses +3.0 diopters or in their glasses.

The exercise is repeated 10 times.

Exercise number 18

Circular movements of the eyes. The exercise is designed to train fixation and localization. The operator is in a sitting position (you can perform the exercise in a standing or lying position). The head is motionless. A test object is taken in the right hand - a ball for fixing (for example, a tennis ball for playing green tennis of light green color).

The operator fixes the test object - the ball, which is moved by the hand in various planes (transmitted from one hand to the other hand), and makes eye tracking movements with a maximum amplitude in the directions: up and down; right left; on the diagonals. Next, circular rotational movements are performed clockwise and counterclockwise along the boundaries of the field of view within the limits of visibility. In each direction, 6-8 movements are made.

Exercises to optimize binocular interaction

Exercise number 19

It is performed with two eyes (binocular). The operator takes the test object with a cross (+) in one hand, and the test object with a circle (o) in the other. The arms are bent at the elbows so that the test objects are placed in height at eye level, and horizontally - at the level of the ears, at a distance of 15-20 cm in front of the eyes. Then the operator slowly brings the test objects together in the frontal plane. At first, two images of a circle and a cross will appear. Then the following picture will be observed: in the center - a cross in a circle, on the sides - on one side - a circle, on the other - a cross. When this effect is achieved, without changing the distance between the test objects, the test objects are slowly moved to the maximum distance (along the length of the arms) into the distance (forward). In this case, it is necessary to keep the image of the cross in a circle.

The exercise is repeated 10 times.

Note: if during the exercise it is not possible to achieve alignment of test objects (cross in a circle), the exercise must be stopped. The positive effect is the coincidence (merging) of the figures.

Exercise №20

The exercise is performed with two eyes (binocular). To complete the exercise, you need to take a test object with a pointed end in your right hand. Before the start of the exercise, any object is selected for long-range fixation of the gaze at a distance of at least 3 m (for example, the entrance door handle, keyhole, switch on the wall, etc.). The test object with a pointed end is located in front of the face at eye level, at the same distance from the eyes (approximately 15 cm from the nose). The operator fixes the gaze at the tip of the test object with a pointed end for 10-15 seconds. Then the gaze is transferred to the selected distant object (no closer than 3 m) and fixes it for 10-15 s. After that, the view is transferred from the distant object to the test object with a pointed end. When performing the exercise, it is necessary to achieve clarity of focusing of the near (test object with a pointed end) and distant objects. The exercise is repeated 6 times.

A variant of the exercise is step adjustment. In this case, the near object (the test object with a pointed end) is focused first, then the intermediate object (for example, the dashboard or the top of the monitor) and then the distant object (for example, the entrance door handle). Subsequently, the return follows in the reverse order.

A positive effect is the absence of unpleasant subjective sensations.

Exercise number 21

The exercise is performed with two eyes (binocular). In both hands, test objects with a pointed end are taken, which are located with a slight inclination of the upper end outwards (as in the Latin letter V). The pointed ends of both test objects are clearly visible. Then, provided that the pointed ends of both test objects are constantly kept in the field of view, one of them moves away from the eyes, and the other approaches the eyes. In the process of doing the exercises, the forward and backward movements are carried out in the following directions: straight, straight-up (along the upper border of the field of view), straight-down (along the lower border of the field of view), right, left. In each direction, the exercise is performed 6 times. During the exercise, the head is motionless, and tracking of objects is carried out by moving the eyes.

Positive effect - the number of matches and discrepancies in merging pencils into the desired shape is estimated. With a positive result of training, there should be no discrepancies.

Exercise number 22

Exercise is performed with two eyes (binocular). In both hands, test objects with a pointed end for blunt ends are taken. First, the right hand with the test object is extended in the horizontal plane forward, the gaze is fixed at the pointed end of the test object. Then, without looking away from the pointed end of one test object, with the left hand you must slowly align the pointed ends of both test objects (touch one pointed end of the other). The exercise is performed 5 times.

The right hand with a test object with a pointed end moves up and forward (within sight, along the upper boundary of the field of view).

With the left hand, the ends of both test objects with the pointed end are slowly aligned (touch the pointed end of the second test object with one pointed end of the test object).

The exercise is performed 5 times.

The right hand with a test object with a pointed end moves down and forward (within sight, along the lower border of the field of view). With the left hand, the pointed ends of both test objects are slowly aligned (touch the pointed end of the second test object with one pointed end of the test object).

The exercise is performed 5 times.

The right hand with the test object with a pointed end moves as much as possible to the right. With the left hand, the ends of both test objects are slowly aligned (touch the pointed end of the second test object with one pointed end of the test object). The exercise is performed 5 times.

The right hand with the test object with a pointed end moves as far as the left. With the left hand, the ends of both test objects are slowly aligned (touch the pointed end of the second test object with one pointed end of the test object).

The exercise is performed 5 times.

During the exercise, the head is motionless, and tracking of objects is carried out only by moving the eyes.

Positive effect - the number of matches and discrepancies in merging pencils into the desired shape is estimated. With a positive result of training, there should be no discrepancies.

Exercise number 23

The exercise is performed with two eyes (binocular). In both hands, a test object with a pointed end for blunt ends is taken. Next, you need to cross the test objects at an angle of 45 ° (in the form of the letter “X”) and set them at a distance of about 10 cm from the eyes. At this distance, the image will double. Further, the test objects are gradually moved away from the eyes until a single image appears (cessation of ghosting) and then slowly approach until the ghosting.

Exercise is performed 10 times.

Positive effect - the number of matches and discrepancies in merging pencils into the desired shape is estimated. With a positive result of training, there should be no discrepancies.

Exercise number 24

The exercise is performed with two eyes (binocular). In both hands, test objects with a pointed end are taken for non-pointed ends. Next, you need to cross the test objects at an angle of 45 ° (in the form of the letter “X”) and set them at a distance of about 10 cm from the eyes. At this distance, the image will double. Next, you need to gradually move the test objects from the eyes until a single image appears (stopping ghosting) and then slowly bring the test objects closer to the ghosting moment.

Perform the exercise 5 times with the following head positions:

head thrown back, gaze up;

head tilted forward, gaze down;

the head is turned to the right, the gaze is turned to the right;

the head is turned left, the gaze is turned left.

Positive effect - the number of matches and discrepancies in merging test objects into the desired shape is estimated. With a positive result of training, there should be no discrepancies.

Functional correction of stereoscopic vision

Exercise number 25

Stereo picture (near-far).

The exercise is performed with two eyes (binocular). At the eye level, a stereo image is placed on the wall (hereinafter referred to as the test object). The operator approaches a distance of 15-20 cm to the object and looks through the test object far into the distance. Approaching and removing eyes from the test object, you must try to see the stereo image. After the stereo image appears, the operator captures it and slowly moves back to the maximum distance at which the stereo effect is maintained. Exercise is performed 10 times. A positive result is the lack of visual discomfort, the presence of stereoscopic vision and its preservation.

The stereo effect is normally not observed at all, so if the stereo effect cannot be obtained, then the exercise does not need to be performed.

Exercise number 26

Stereo picture (rotation).

The exercise is performed with two eyes (binocular). At the eye level, a stereo image is placed on the wall (hereinafter referred to as the test object). The operator approaches a distance of 15-20 cm to the object and looks through the test object far into the distance. Approaching and removing eyes from the test object, you must try to see the stereo image. After the stereo image appears, the operator slowly rotates the test object clockwise and counterclockwise until the stereo effect disappears. Exercise is performed 5 times in each direction. A positive result is the lack of visual discomfort, the presence of stereoscopic vision and its preservation.

The stereo effect is normally not observed at all, so if the stereo effect cannot be obtained, then the exercise does not need to be performed.

Exercises to relieve tension of visual functions and fatigue of the oculomotor muscles

Exercise number 27

Exercise "Palming".

The operator sits at the table. It is necessary to put the elbows dilated to the sides of the table and rub your palms against each other until you feel warm. After this, you should close your eyes and lower your head in your palm until the eyeballs feel light pressure (through closed eyelids). After 3 minutes, lower the palms and slowly open your eyes after 10 seconds.

Exercise number 28

Squinting and eye rotation exercise

The exercise is performed while sitting. It is necessary to close and open your eyes tightly 5 times in a row with an interval of 30 seconds.

Look up, down, right, left, without turning your head.

Rotate your eyes in a circle: down, right, up, left and back (clockwise and counterclockwise).

Each exercise is performed 3 times.

Moving the eyes to the sides and rotating the eyes can be performed not only with open, but also with closed eyes.

Exercise number 29

Finger-to-Finger Exercise.

It is performed standing. The order of the exercise: the operator looks into the distance directly in front of him for 2-3 seconds. The index finger of the right hand is placed along the midline of the face at a distance of 25-30 cm from the eyes. The look is transferred to the end of the finger and is fixed on it for 3-5 s. Next, the hand drops. The operator looks into the distance in front of him for 2-3 seconds. The exercise is repeated 10 times.

Exercise number 30

Fixation Exercises with Eye Turns

The operator, without turning his head, looks as much as possible to the right and fixes a look at the score 1-4. Then he looks into the distance directly to the score 1-6. Next, the exercise is repeated sequentially with fixing the gaze to the left, up and down. The exercise is repeated 3 times.

Exercise №31

Exercise with diagonal rotation of the eyes with fixation.

The operator quickly looks diagonally: to the right and up - to the left and down, then right into the distance to the score 1-6. Then he looks left and up, right and down, then right into the distance to the score 1-6.

Repeats 4 times.

Exercise number 32

Exercise with closing and opening the eyes.

The operator at the expense of 1-4 closes his eyes without closing his eyes. Then, at the expense of 1-6, he opens his eyes wide and, having relaxed the muscles of the eyes, looks into the distance.

Repeats 4 times.

Exercise number 33

"Writing" the letters of the alphabet with closed eyes.

The exercise is designed to train higher visual functions.

The operator closes his eyes and begins to “write” 10 letters of the alphabet with the movements of the eyeballs. The less you can imagine the size of the letter, the more effective the exercise.

Exercise number 34

Eye drawing exercise.

The operator closes his eyes and draws his eyes in:

1st day - imaginary lines up and down, then right and left, as if drawing a cross (alternately);

2nd day - an imaginary circle;

3rd day - a cross from diagonal lines;

4th day - a square;

5th day - the number eight, and then - the sign of infinity;

6th day - a spiral;

7th day - a trapezoid;

8th day - a polygon.

To achieve the required technical result, three sets of exercises have been developed: basic, stationary and mobile.

The basic set of exercises

The basic set of exercises includes a full set of exercises without taking into account the duration of breaks in activity. The duration of each option is 45-51 minutes. taking breaks into account. The duration of the training course is 15 days. The recommended frequency of ophthalmotoring is once every 9 months with a break of at least 6 months.

Variants of the basic complex for the prevention of eye strain and fatigue

Option number 1.

1. Exercise No. 1. (3 min.)

Break - 3 minutes

2. Exercise number 2. (3 min.)

Break - 3 minutes

3. Exercise number 16. (3 min.)

Break - 3 minutes

4. Exercise number 33. (3 min.)

Break - 3 minutes

5. Exercise number 22. (3 min.)

Break - 3 minutes

6. Exercise number 24. (3 min.)

Break - 3 minutes

7. Exercise number 9. (2 minutes.)

Break - 2 minutes

8. Exercise number 10. (2 minutes.)

Total: 42 min. (22 min. - exercises + 20 min. - breaks).

Option number 2.

1. Exercise number 13. (3 min.)

2. Exercise number 14. (3 min.)

Break - 3 minutes

3. Exercise number 7. (3 min.)

Break - 3 minutes

4. Exercise number 8. (3 min.)

Break - 3 minutes

5. Exercise number 23. (3 min.)

Break - 3 minutes

6. Exercise number 25. (3 min.)

Break - 3 minutes

7. Exercise number 26. (3 min.)

3 min break

8. Exercise No. 27 (3 min.)

Total: 42 min. (24 min. - exercises + 18 min. - breaks).

Option number 3.

1. Exercise number 15. (3 min.)

Break - 3 minutes

2. Exercise number 4. (4 min.)

Break - 4 minutes

3. Exercise number 5. (4 min.)

Break - 4 minutes

4. Exercise number 9. (3 min.)

Break - 3 minutes

5. Exercise number 10. (3 min.)

Break - 3 minutes

6. Exercise number 17. (3 min.)

Break - 3 minutes

7. Exercise number 19. (3 min.)

3 min break

8. Exercise No. 28 (5 min.)

Total: 51 minutes (28 min. - exercises + 23 min. - breaks).

Option number 4.

1. Exercise number 3. (3 min.)

Break - 3 minutes

2. Exercise number 6. (4 min.)

Break - 4 minutes

3. Exercise number 11. (3 min.)

Break - 3 minutes

4. Exercise number 12. (3 min.)

Break - 3 minutes

5. Exercise number 20. (3 min.)

Break - 3 minutes

6. Exercise number 25. (3 min.)

Break - 3 minutes

7. Exercise number 26. (3 min.)

Break - 3 minutes

8. Exercise No. 29 (3 min.)

Total: 47 min. (27 min. - exercises + 22 min. - breaks).

Option number 5.

1. Exercise number 15. (3 min.)

Break - 3 minutes

2. Exercise number 1. (3 min.)

Break - 3 minutes

3. Exercise number 2. (3 min.)

Break - 3 minutes

4. Exercise number 17. (3 min.)

Break - 3 minutes

5. Exercise number 21. (3 min.)

Break - 3 minutes

6. Exercise number 25. (3 min.)

Break - 3 minutes

7. Exercise number 30. (3 min.)

Break - 3 minutes

8. Exercise No. 34 (3 min.)

Total: 45 minutes (24 min. - exercises + 21 min. - breaks).

Option number 6.

1. Exercise number 4. (4 min.)

Break - 4 minutes

2. Exercise number 5. (4 min.)

Break - 4 minutes

3. Exercise number 11. (2 minutes.)

4. Exercise number 12. (2 minutes.)

Break - 2 minutes

5. Exercise number 21. (3 min.)

Break - 3 minutes

6. Exercise number 9. (3 min.)

Break - 3 minutes

7. Exercise number 10. (3 min.)

Break - 3 minutes

8. Exercise number 18. (6 min.)

Total: 46 min. (27 min. - exercises + 19 min. - breaks).

Option number 7.

1. Exercise number 20. (3 min.)

Break - 3 minutes

2. Exercise number 7. (3 min.)

Break - 3 minutes

3. Exercise number 8. (3 min.)

Break - 3 minutes

4. Exercise number 15. (3 min.)

Break - 2 minutes

5. Exercise number 17. (3 min.)

Break - 3 minutes

6. Exercise number 28. (5 minutes.)

Break - 5 minutes

7. Exercise number 29. (3 min.)

3 min break

8. Exercise No. 31 (3 min.)

Total: 48 min. (26 min. - exercises + 22 min. - breaks).

Option number 8.

1. Exercise number 3. (3 min.)

Break - 3 minutes

2. Exercise number 21. (3 min.)

Break - 3 minutes

3. Exercise number 9. (3 min.)

Break - 3 minutes

4. Exercise number 10. (3 min.)

Break-3 minutes

5. Exercise number 20. (3 min.)

Break-3 minutes

6. Exercise number 23. (3 min.)

Break-3 minutes

7. Exercise number 25. (3 min.)

3 min break

8. Exercise No. 32 (3 min.)

Total: 45 minutes (24 min. - exercises + 21 min. - breaks).

Recommendations for the use of options included in the base complex and their sequence are presented in table. 1. The order of exercises within the complex cannot be changed, as this will violate the mechanism of influence on a particular visual function and the order of alternating load and unloading exercises.

Contraindications to the use of laser speckle exercises are epilepsy and epileptoid states. Exercise exercises are contraindicated in high myopia (more than 6.0 diopters) and keratoconus.

Stationary exercise complex

The stationary set of exercises is intended for performing eye examination during 10- or 20-minute breaks during the work shift and includes exercises with laser speckle. The ophthalmotoring complex is designed for 10 days and provides for the implementation of exercise options during one 20-minute break in work or two breaks of 10 minutes.

Stationary complex options

Option number 1.

1.1 Exercise number 1. (2 minutes.)

1.2 Exercise number 2. (2 minutes.)

Break - 3 minutes

1.3 Exercise number 15. (2 minutes.)

Break - 2 minutes

1.4 Exercise number 16. (2 minutes.)

1.5 Exercise number 19. (2 minutes.)

Break - 2 minutes

1.6 Exercise number 27. (3 min.)

Total: 20 minutes (13 min. - exercises + 7 min. - breaks).

Option number 2.

2.1 Exercise number 4. (2 minutes.)

2.2 Exercise number 5. (2 minutes.)

Break - 2 minutes

2.3 Exercise number 11. (2 minutes.)

2.4 Exercise number 12. (2 minutes.)

Break - 1 min.

2.5 Exercise number 21. (2 minutes.)

2.6 Exercise number 26. (2 minutes.)

Break - 1 min.

2.7 Exercise number 33. (2 minutes.)

2.8 Exercise No. 29 (2 min.)

Total: 20 minutes (16 min. - exercises + 4 min. - breaks).

Option number 3.

3.1 Exercise number 3. (2 minutes.)

Break - 2 minutes

3.2 Exercise number 9. (2 minutes.)

3.3 Exercise number 10. (2 minutes.)

3.4 Exercise number 18. (4 min.)

Break - 2 minutes

3.5 Exercise number 24. (2 minutes.)

3.6 Exercise number 32. (1 min.)

3.7 Exercise number 25. (2 minutes.)

Total: 19 min. (15 min. - exercises + 4 min. - breaks).

Option number 4.

4.1 Exercise number 6. (3 min.)

Break - 2 minutes

4.2 Exercise number 13. (2 minutes.)

4.3 Exercise number 14. (2 minutes.)

Break - 2 minutes

4.4 Exercise number 17. (2 minutes.)

4.5 Exercise number 22. (2 minutes.)

Break - 1 min.

4.6 Exercise number 30. (2 minutes.)

4.7 Exercise number 34. (2 minutes.)

Total: 20 minutes (15 min. - exercises + 5 min. - breaks).

Option number 5.

5.1 Exercise number 7. (2 minutes.)

5.2 Exercise number 8. (2 minutes.)

Break - 2 minutes

5.3 Exercise number 20. (2 minutes.)

Break - 1 min.

5.4 Exercise number 28. (1 min.)

5.5 Exercise number 31. (2 minutes.)

Break - 2 minutes

5.6 Exercise number 9. (2 minutes.)

5.7 Exercise number 10. (2 minutes.)

1 minute break

5.8 Exercise No. 23 (1 min.)

Total: 20 minutes (14 min. - exercises + 6 min. - breaks).

A set of exercises is recommended to perform each shift. The training course is considered completed when within 6 months. completed 5 times all 5 options of a stationary set of exercises. The most favorable exercise time is from 8am to 8pm. In the table. 2 gives recommendations on the use of a stationary set of exercises.

Mobile set of exercises.

The mobile set of exercises is intended for people working in mobile conditions. Unlike the basic and stationary complexes, the laser complex does not include exercises with laser speckles. The ophthalmotoring complex is designed for 10 days and provides for the implementation of exercise options during one 20-minute break in work or two breaks of 10 minutes.

Options for a mobile set of exercises

Option number 1.

1.1 Exercise number 11. (2 minutes.)

1.2 Exercise number 12. (2 minutes.)

1.3 Exercise number 18. (5 minutes.)

Break - 2 minutes

1.4 Exercise number 19. (2 minutes.)

1.5 Exercise number 27. (3 min.)

1.6 Exercise number 13. (2 minutes.)

1.7 Exercise number 14. (2 minutes.)

Total: 20 minutes (18 min. - exercises + 2 min. - breaks).

Option number 2.

2.1 Exercise number 9. (2 minutes.)

2.2 Exercise number 10. (2 minutes.)

Break - 2 minutes

2.3 Exercise number 33. (2 minutes.)

2.4 Exercise number 21. (2 minutes.)

Break - 2 minutes

2.5 Exercise number 25. (3 min.)

2.6 Exercise number 34. (2 minutes.)

2.7 Exercise number 32. (1 min.)

Total: 18 min. (14 min. - exercises + 4 min. - breaks).

Option number 3.

3.1 Exercise number 15. (3 min.)

Break - 2 minutes

3.2 Exercise number 16. (2 minutes.)

Break - 1 min.

3.3 Exercise number 22. (2 minutes.)

3.4 Exercise number 31. (2 minutes.)

Break - 2 minutes

3.5 Exercise number 11. (2 minutes.)

3.6 Exercise number 12. (2 minutes.)

3.7 Exercise number 32. (1 min.)

Total: 19 min. (14 min. - exercises + 5 min. - breaks).

Option number 4.

4.1 Exercise number 17. (2 minutes.)

4.2 Exercise number 23. (2 minutes.)

Break - 2 minutes

4.3 Exercise number 30. (2 minutes.)

4.4 Exercise number 29. (2 minutes.)

Break - 2 minutes

4.5 Exercise number 26. (2 minutes.)

Break - 2 minutes

4.6 Exercise number 13. (2 minutes.)

4.7 Exercise number 14. (2 minutes.)

Total: 20 minutes (14 min. - exercises + 6 min. - breaks).

Option number 5.

5.1 Exercise number 9. (2 minutes.)

5.2 Exercise number 10. (2 minutes.)

Break - 2 minutes

5.3 Exercise number 24. (2 minutes.)

5.4 Exercise number 28. (2 minutes.)

Break - 2 minutes

5.5 Exercise number 16. (2 minutes.)

Break - 2 minutes

5.6 Exercise number 25. (2 minutes.)

5.7 Exercise number 27. (2 minutes.)

Total: 20 minutes (14 min. - exercises + 6 min. - breaks).

Exercise complexes are recommended for each shift. The training course is considered completed when within 6 months. completed 2 times all 5 sets of exercises. The most favorable exercise time is from 8am to 8pm. In the table. 3 provides recommendations for the use of a mobile set of exercises.

In accordance with the claimed method of maintaining visual performance and prevention of visual fatigue of a person, a study was conducted of the basic, stationary and mobile complexes of ophthalmotoring exercises.

A group of 24 operators was tested for each ophthalmotoring complex. Tests were carried out in all cases every working day for one break.

A positive effect (an increase in the frequency-contrast sensitivity of the visual analyzer, negative fusional reserves, an increase in accommodation, visual acuity, weakening refraction) was noted after application of the basic complex in 96%, stationary - in 88%, and mobile - in 74%. The dynamics of the indicators of the functional state of the visual analyzer are presented in table. 4

Thus, the claimed method of maintaining visual performance and prevention of visual fatigue provides:

- maintaining high visual acuity;

- increase in the range of accommodation;

- increasing the distance from the nearest to the next point of clear vision;

- maintaining a normal value and the correct ratio of positive and negative fusional reserves;

- maintaining a stable binocular vision;

- preservation of stereoscopic vision;

- maintaining indicators of spatial contrast sensitivity at a high level.

Claims (3)

1. A method of maintaining visual performance and prevention of visual fatigue of a person, characterized in that systematically according to the developed scheme, they conduct ophthalmotoring courses, including exercises that affect all basic visual functions, characterized in that they use an expanded number of exercises to increase discriminating ability and binocular interaction, physiologically based complexes are formed from disparate exercises, which provide for the impact on basic visual functions and removal of visual tension, taking into account the prevailing form of asthenopia in operators of precision professions, while exercises based on technology based on laser speckles are included in the ophthalmotoring system. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that for the formation of the laser speckle using low-intensity laser radiation of the red range with a radiation power of 1-5 mW, such as a laser pointer, while the laser speckle is formed on a rough surface when it is illuminated with coherent light. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that physiologically sound complexes of exercises include mobile and stationary schemes that allow you to take into account the characteristics of the production activities of the operators, while the complexes combine training exercises and relaxing.