RU2721789C1 - Method of treating wastes of different origin - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: water supply; sewerage.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to treatment of domestic effluents, effluents of various industrial productions for recycling water supply and to discharge requirements for fishery purposes. Roughly primary treated effluents undergo vacuum-gravity-ejector treatment with simultaneous feed of reagent. Further, effluents are directed to multistage primary electrocautery treatment with ratio of return circulation to repeated electric treatment of 6–7:1, floatation treatment, treatment in a suspended layer chamber with a ratio of the height of the chamber to its area equal to 1.62, primary clarification in the clarification chamber with a labyrinth and vertically installed thin-layer modules. Then the effluents are supplied for secondary clarification in the chamber with two sections and horizontally installed thin-layer modules with the downflow to the upflow ratio equal to 0.72. Primarily electrically treated and twice clarified effluents are supplied to the second electrocoagulation treatment stage. Then the suspended layer chamber with height to area ratio equal to 1.62 is supplied, thin-layer settling in the chamber with horizontally installed thin-layer modules with downflow and ascending ratio equal to 0.72. Clarified wastes follow self-cleaning filter with filtration charge from foamed polystyrene of fraction No. 4 or No. 5. Then filtered water is supplied into control reservoir, and flushing water is discharged into reservoir of washing water and sediment. Settling is discharged from clarifiers of the first and second stages of electric treatment and clarification. Sediment and flushing water are fed into sediment compaction vessel to feed flocculant solution. Compacted sediment is supplied to the filter-press, and the decanted standing water is returned for repeated cleaning. Dehydrated sediment is discharged into container for temporary storage of accumulated sediment.

EFFECT: technical result is safety of operation without discharge to sewage of any wastes from the whole scheme.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a technology for the treatment of domestic wastewater, effluents of various industrial industries for recycling water supply and to the requirements of discharge into a fishery reservoir.

Known document RU 2151104 C1, published on 06/20/2000, from which there is a known method of water purification, in which water is treated in the chambers of the device located along the movement of the purified water. The first and third chambers contain an electromagnetic system of insoluble and non-insulated flat electrodes made in the form of U-shaped zigzags, in the space of which flat electrodes forming a solenoid are mounted perpendicularly. Such a constructive implementation provides water treatment with an activating-electro-destructive effect in complex electric and electromagnetic fields that intersect in space at an angle to each other and with a different intensity gradient of the resulting electromagnetic fields. In the second chamber, water treatment is carried out in an electrocoagulator with soluble electrodes with slots and with varying polarity at the cathode and anode. The applied potential at the electrocoagulator electrodes is equal to the potential at the terminals of insoluble and non-insulated electrodes of the first and third chambers.

A disadvantage of the known analogue is the low productivity of the method and inefficient water treatment.

The technical result is the possibility of a way to achieve complete safety without dumping any waste from the entire circuit.

Technically, the result is achieved through a method of treating effluents of various origins, in which coarsely primary treated effluents are subjected to vacuum-gravity-ejector treatment with simultaneous supply of a reagent, multi-stage primary electrocoagulation treatment with a return circulation ratio of 6-7: 1 flotation treatment, flotation treatment a suspended layer chamber with a ratio of the height of the chamber to its area equal to 1.62, primary clarification in the clarification chamber with a labyrinth and vertically installed thin-layer modules, secondary clarification in the chamber with two sections and horizontally installed thin-layer modules with a ratio of the amount of downward flow to upward equal to 0 , 72 initially electrically treated and double clarified effluents enter the second stage of electrocoagulation treatment and then into the chamber of the suspended layer with the ratio

heights to an area equal to 1.62, thin-layer settling in a chamber with horizontally installed thin-layer modules with a ratio of downward and upward, equal to 0.72, clarified effluents are followed by a self-washing filtering load from foamed polystyrene of fraction No. 4 or No. 5, then filtered water is supplied into the control tank, and the wash water is discharged into the wash water and sludge tank, while the accumulated sludge from the clarifiers of the first and second stages of electric processing and clarification is discharged, while the sludge and wash water are supplied to the sludge compaction tank, a flocculant solution and compacted sludge are also fed there fed to the filter press, and decanted decanted water is returned for re-treatment, while the dehydrated sludge is discharged into a container for temporary storage of accumulated sludge.

In FIG. 1 shows a flow chart of wastewater treatment of various origins: household, industrial, various industries, storm drains. Since drains are formed, as a rule, without any regulation, and the technological scheme of purification always provides for a regulated supply of effluents for purification, the scheme provides for a storage-regulating capacity - pos. 1, from which the drains are sent to pos. 2 - site rough cleaning of mechanical impurities. The device pos. 2 can be a mechanical lattice of various designs with a mesh size that retards the mesh from 0.25 to 3.0 mm. The drains after mechanical cleaning are directed to pos. 3, and large mechanical impurities are discharged into the container - pos. 24. The device pos.3 is intended for deep oxidation and removal of volatile impurities from the effluent composition. Working environment in pos. 3 is fed through a pipe from the bottom up along the axis of rotation to four or more nozzles that rotate. The drains, in turn, under the influence of gravitational forces pass into a finely dispersed state. In addition, before pos. 3 in order to stabilize the pH value of 7.2-7.5, it is dosed into the effluent using the metering devices pos. 21 and pos. 22 reagent aluminum hydroxychloride or aluminum oxychloride or other similar nature reagent and alkali solution NaOH or KOH. Dosing of reagents increases the rate of interaction of introduced reagents with water in the field of gravitational forces, and also increases the electrical conductivity of water during operation of a multi-stage electrolyzer. From pos. 3 drains are fed to pos. 4 - block multi-stage complex electrical processing. Block pos. 4 is designed in such a way that water from each section flows into the next section, while passing through the node of the electromagnetic system connected together to the soluble electrode system, which allows to accelerate the process of coagulation of contaminants with active flocculation, as well as reduce the process

passivation on the surface of soluble electrodes. Sections of soluble electrodes - pos. 4 are connected to a constant current source, which has the function of maintaining current in a given mode. Number of sections pos. 4 is determined from the complexity conditions of the composition of the initial effluents and contains at least two sections. Also, to increase the coagulation rate, part of the volume passing through pos. 4, the supplied effluent is returned back to the ejection tank - pos. 3. Regarding the work of pos. 4, then, depending on the quality of the effluents, this block is pos. 4 can operate in the electroflotation mode with electrodes made of aluminum or iron. In this case, it is equipped with a flotator - pos. 5 together with the flotation sludge removal unit and the container - pos. 23 for its accumulation. The electroflotator is applicable at high concentrations of organic compounds of various nature, including petroleum products and fats. The ratio of the volumes of effluents passing through pos. 4, and the incoming volume in pos. 5 need to maintain 7: 1. This ratio allows for a high degree of flotation and coagulation of contaminants, as well as eliminating the process of passivation of the electrodes.

The subsequent node circuit pos. 6 is a chamber of a suspended layer, in which the speed of the upward flow and the deposition rate under the influence of the gravitational forces of the formed flakes will slightly differ, i.e., the speed of the upward flow is slightly higher than the deposition rate of ripened enlarged flakes - this is the condition for the formation of the suspended layer, which makes it possible to fully formed flakes to absorb pollution from the volume of water.

Pos. 5, pos. 6 and pos. 7 are one structural unit, and the nodes pos. 6 and pos. 7 are constituent nodes of the clarifier and are structurally separated from each other, which allows pos.6 and pos. 7 to work independently, as much as possible not connected with adjacent nodes. What is very important is the removal of accumulated sediment from poses. 7 of the thin-layer modules does not affect the stable operation of pos. 6, and vice versa, discharge of sediment from pos. 6 does not affect the work of pos. 7. In traditionally used clarifier-clarifiers, this is not achieved. Due to this, a very small volume of compacted sediment is discharged in the new solution, and not the volume of the entire clarifier, as in the classical scheme. In addition, pos. 6 - the camera of the suspended layer works with the highest efficiency at the highest height to area ratio of 1.62, i.e., the golden ratio principle is respected. With an increase in effluent performance and observing the above ratio, a high effect of 85% clarification is achieved with the dimensions of the clarifier significantly less than the classical scheme. Pos. 7 - the thin-layer sedimentation chamber is divided into

plan for three concentric sections, forming, as it were, three labyrinths, in which vertically thin-layer modules made of polycarbonate are installed at a certain distance. Moreover, the number of vertically installed thin-layer modules in each maze, starting from the center, doubles. The flow of effluents with a high content of flakes formed, passing horizontally through the maze with vertically installed thin-layer modules installed in them, step by step is freed from the volume of suspension. Moreover, in each of the three labyrinths, the stream of treated effluents is divided in half, which halves the speed of the flow and its passage through the steps of thin-layer modules, which in turn increases the degree of purification - clarification of effluents. From pos. 7 - chambers of thin-layer sedimentation are discharged according to a certain algorithm, the volume of compacted sediment from the bottom of pos. 7, which is 25% of the total volume of pos. 6. and pos. 7 combined, as pos. 6 and pos. 7 are constituents of a clarifier. In the classical clarification scheme, the accumulated sediment is discharged along with the entire clarifier volume, which is very uneconomical. Moreover, the classic clarifier for sludge discharge is taken out of operation for the duration of the sludge discharge technological cycle, which means that parallel working clarifiers are forced to switch to forced mode. The new proposed clarifier is characterized in that pos. 6 - the chamber of the suspended layer of clarifier works continuously, which does not require a technological stop of the entire clarifier for the period of sludge discharge from pos. 7 and, as a result, parallel clarifiers do not switch to forced operation, but operate in the same mode. The mode of operation of clarifiers remains stable, since pos. 6 and pos. 7 are structurally independent from each other, although they are nodes of the clarifier. This technological scheme of the new clarifier allows reconstruction of existing, classical type, horizontal and vertical sumps without large capital expenditures.

In the method of treating effluents of various origins, coarsely mechanically primary treated effluents are subjected to vacuum gravity ejector treatment (vacuum is formed due to a sharp pressure drop at the outlet of the nozzles of rotating ejectors) with simultaneous reagent supply, multi-stage (with passage of at least four steps) primary electrocoagulation treatment with a circulation ratio of return to repeated electric treatment of 7: 1, flotation treatment, processing in the chamber of a suspended layer with a ratio of chamber height to its area equal to 1.62, primary clarification in the clarification chamber with a labyrinth of vertically installed thin-layer modules, secondary thin-layer clarification in the chamber with two sections horizontally mounted thin-layer modules,

supplying initially electrically treated and double clarified wastewaters to the second stage of multistage electrocoagulation treatment, then into a suspended layer chamber with a height to area ratio of 1.62, thin-layer settling in a chamber with horizontally installed thin-layer modules, and then supplying clarified wastewater to a self-washing filter with a filter load from foamed polystyrene fraction No. 4 or No. 5, the supply of filtered water to the regulating tank, the discharge of washing water and sediment into the tank of washing water and sediment, the transfer of sediment and washing water to the tank of the sediment seal, with the flow of flocculant solution there, and the supply of compacted sediment to the filter a press, returning the decanted settled water for re-treatment, discharging the dehydrated sludge to a container for temporary storage of accumulated sludge.

Primarily clarified by 50% effluent from pos. 7 (the first stage of clarification) come in pos. 8 (second stage of clarification). The level of thin layer retention pos. 8 in the technological scheme of clarification is given for a more complete 70% release from the volume of suspension, but already in the descending-ascending mode of thin-layer sedimentation. The precipitate formed on thin-layer modules in pos. 8 is deposited in the lower part, and then according to a certain algorithm, as it accumulates, the sediment is discharged into the tank of wash water and sediment pos. 16. Double clarified effluents enter the regulating tank pos. 9. From pos. 9 clarified effluents arrive at pos. 10 - block multisection electrochemical processing of the second stage of purification. Pos. 10 structurally and technologically accepted similarly to pos. 4, also the technological mode of operation pos. 10 - 12 are adopted similarly to the work of pos. 4. 6.7 except that the thin-layer settling chamber in pos. 12 is made on the basis of horizontally mounted thin-layer modules in contrast to the mazes in pos. 7. 95% clarified water from pos. 12 follows at pos. 13 - self-washing filter with easy filter loading from foamed polystyrene fractions 4 or 5. Filters with loading from foamed polystyrene when cleaning various effluents showed the highest efficiency in many respects compared to filters with heavy loading type. Filtered water is supplied in pos. 14 - regulating capacity, and rinsing water from pos. 13 is relegated to pos. 16 - capacity of wash water and sediment. Also in pos. 16 accumulated sediment is removed from clarifiers. 99% purified stock from poses. 14 through pos. 15 - the bactericidal unit is fed to the exit and then as directed. Sediment and wash water from pos. 16 moves to pos. 17 - tank seal sediment. In the same container (pos. 17), a flocculant solution from pos. 20 for more efficient sediment compaction. Sealed sediment from pos. 17 moves to pos.

18 - filter press, and decanted standing water from the position. 17 and pos. 18 returns to pos. 4 to re-clean. Dehydrated sludge is discharged in pos. 19 - container for temporary storage of accumulated sediment. Such a scheme covers the full cycle of the entire treatment not only of the initial effluents, but also the cleaning and dewatering of the formed sludge from the operation of the entire scheme. In the light of amendments No. 416-ФЗ of December 7, 2011, “On Water Supply and Sanitation,” which entered into force on January 1, 2019, the scheme proposes a deep sewage treatment, as well as a scheme for sludge dewatering. Deeply treated effluents can be re-sent for reuse in the production activities of enterprises or discharged to fishery water sources. In addition, deeply treated effluents can be used to feed boilers. Long-term experience in the use of electrically treated water, more than 20 years, for feeding boilers of an enterprise has shown the complete absence during this period of scale deposition processes in boilers. This allowed the company to abandon the installation of an additional water treatment complex for the preparation of boiler water with special requirements for it.

Claims (1)

A method of treating wastewater of various origins, characterized in that the coarse primary treated wastewater is subjected to vacuum gravity ejector treatment with simultaneous reagent feed, multi-stage primary electrocoagulation treatment with a return ratio of 6-7: 1 return to repeated electric treatment, flotation treatment, processing in a weighted chamber a layer with a ratio of the height of the chamber to its area equal to 1.62, primary clarification in the clarification chamber with a labyrinth and vertically installed thin-layer modules, secondary clarification in the chamber with two sections and horizontally installed thin-layer modules with a ratio of downward to upward flow equal to 0, 72, the initially electrically treated and double clarified effluents enter the second stage of electrocoagulation treatment, then they are deposited in the chamber of the suspended layer with a height to area ratio of 1.62 and are thin-layer deposited in a chamber with horizontally set tone with oblique modules with a downstream and upstream ratio of 0.72, the clarified effluents go to a self-washing filter with a filter load from foamed polystyrene of fraction No. 4 or No. 5, then the filtered water is supplied to the control tank, and the washing water is discharged into the washing water tank and sludge, in this case, accumulated sludge is removed from clarifiers of the first and second stages of electric processing and clarification, while sludge and washing water are supplied to the sludge compaction tank, flocculant solution is also fed there, compacted sludge is fed to the filter press, and decanted sludge water is returned to repeated cleaning, while the dehydrated sludge is discharged into a container for temporary storage of accumulated sludge.

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