RU2720935C1 - Artificial underwater pasture area for fattening young sturgeon in northern caspian region - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fishing and fish farming.

SUBSTANCE: pasture includes artificial algae representing collectors from polypropylene rope with interwoven polypropylene fibres in form of ruffs over their entire length. Collectors making the substrate of the bottom part with length of not less than 10,000 cm are laid through every 500 cm parallel to each other in an amount of at least 100 pieces at a depth of not more than 1000 cm on the bottom surface perpendicular to the drain flow. Each header is fixed to bottom every 500 cm with a metal pointed rod of length of not less than 70 cm and diameter of not less than 1.5 cm, having a bend at the end of a hook, with which the collector is attached, and a sharpened end is introduced into the ground. Every 500 cm at each bottom collector there is a similar collector of pelagic part substrate 200–500 cm long equipped with a float between rope strands.

EFFECT: artificial pasture is populated with organisms of all levels of the trophic chain, providing conditions for fattening young sturgeon.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The coastal areas of the seas with underwater meadows are areas where biological processes are most intense, it is there that many species of commercial fish are concentrated for breeding and feeding.

The bottom of the Caspian Sea for the most part has a uniform relief and resembles a sandy desert. The biological productivity of such biotopes is limited.

The creation of artificial reefs as additional substrates is one of the ways to increase the bio-productivity of marine ecosystems. Given the fact that one of the main limiting conditions for their development is the lack of suitable substrates, their installation contributes to the enrichment of flora and fauna, feeding of fish, including juveniles of valuable commercial fish obtained from artificial breeding and released into the sea, the creation of artificial spawning grounds, and also the intensification of the processes of natural purification of sea water from pollution by filtering organisms that populate the substrates of artificial reefs [1].

Sturgeons are listed in the Red Book as endangered. To grow rare species of sturgeon, which are now on the verge of extinction to conserve these populations and increase their numbers, the search for ways to optimize reproduction is a task of national importance.

More than 30 million specimens of sturgeon juveniles are produced annually by hatcheries in the Caspian, but the efficiency of artificial reproduction of these species remains low. One of the most important points determining the increase in the survival rate of factory juveniles is the rational and effective distribution of the obtained juveniles at the feeding grounds in the Northern Caspian.

Known invention No. 2 236 124 Published: 09/20/2004 Bull. No. 262 236 124.

The invention relates to methods for breeding valuable species of fish and crustaceans and can be used to protect and restore the natural populations of aquatic organisms in a changing environment and biotopic degradation of fishery reservoirs. In local ecosystems, a compact variety of biotopes is created for the full-system life support of different types of hydrobionts. To complicate the bottom with depths of less than 2 m, flowing and non-flowing excavations and dams are created; at depths of more than 2 m and less than 5 m, semi-permeable or impermeable streamlined obstacles are created at an angle of 15-30 ° to the flow. In zones with depths greater than 5 m, a network of anchored floating reefs is being deployed.

The closest to our solution was chosen invention No. 2 202 881 Published: 04/27/2003 Bull. No. 122 202 881

The invention relates to the fishing industry, and in particular to devices for the formation of biocenoses, the reproduction of aquatic organisms, the habitat and feeding of valuable fish and invertebrate species, and can be used in mariculture farms. An artificial biotope contains an artificial substrate, an anchor and a float. The artificial substrate is made in the form of a rope with fibrous elements woven into it from synthetic material in the form of a fringe. Fibrous elements 60-70 mm long are made of a material with different modulus of elasticity.

Both of these inventions have a significant drawback - the lack of bottom substrate necessary for the restoration and recolonization of zoobenthos communities, attachment, movement and propagation of communities of organisms migrating and sliding under the action of the current (drift) that feed on juveniles, as well as for the delay and accumulation of all fodder biomass plankton and algae brought by the stock flow, which favorably affects the development of subsequent links of the trophic chain.

The present invention relates to the fishing industry, and in particular to devices for the formation of biocenoses, the reproduction of aquatic organisms, the habitat and feeding of valuable fish and invertebrate species, and is intended for the organization and management of feeding of fish with the maximum use of all organisms of the food base inhabited in the reservoir, as settled and migratory, and as a result, a determining increase in fish productivity.

It was found that during large floods, the vast majority of benthic organisms are blown off the ground. As a result, there is a sharp decrease in the number and even complete disappearance of some litho-rheophilic components of benthic fauna [4, 5].

The restoration of zoobenthos communities, which play an important role in the nutrition of sturgeon juveniles, after the destruction of biotopes in extreme natural situations (floods), is carried out by recolonization in newly populated bottom sections by zoobenthos organisms that need substrates for attachment, movement, and reproduction [6, 7].

The technical task of this invention is the creation of a habitat for sturgeons in the North Caspian, providing:

- the presence of the bottom substrate necessary for the attachment, movement and propagation of communities of organisms that migrate and slide under the influence of the current (drift), for the restoration and recolonization of the zoobenthos communities that feed on juveniles, as well as for the delay and accumulation of all biomass of fodder plankton and algae brought runoff, which favorably affects the development of subsequent links of the trophic chain;

- creating conditions that are as close as possible to natural for adaptation and feeding of juvenile sturgeon and favorable for survival and, as a result, causing an increase in fish productivity of the reservoir;

- an increase in biomass and the number of inhabitants, providing new opportunities for increasing bio-productivity;

- acceleration of the processes of self-purification and restoration of an ecosystem subject to anthropogenic impact.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the method of constructing an artificial underwater pasture for feeding young sturgeon in the region of the Northern Caspian. ”

The artificial underwater pasture for feeding young sturgeon in the Northern Caspian region consists of artificial algae (Fig. 1). Artificial algae is a collector made of polypropylene rope with bundles of polypropylene fibers woven along the entire length in the form of ruffs. Algae collector tapes constituting a substrate of the bottom part (1), at least 10,000 cm long, are laid every 500 cm parallel to each other in an amount of at least 100 pcs. at a depth of not more than 1000 cm on the bottom surface perpendicular to the stock flow and each collector is fixed to the bottom every 500 cm by a metal pointed pin (3) with a length of at least 70 cm and a diameter of at least 1.5 cm, having a hook bend at the end, which catch the collector, and the pointed end is introduced into the ground. On each collector of the substrate of the bottom part, a similar collector 200-500 cm long is knitted between the strands of rope every 500 cm, equipped with a float (4) to hold vertically in the water column, forming a substrate of the pelagic part of the pasture (2).

In FIG. 1 presents a General view of the artificial pasture, where:

1 - collector of artificial algae of the bottom;

2 - collector of artificial algae of the pelagic part;

3 - pin;

4 - a float.

In FIG. 2 shows a pin - a general view.

Due to the bottom part, perpendicular to the stock flow, a bottom substrate is created where zoobenthos communities are trapped in algae of an artificial pasture, gaining a substrate for attachment, movement and reproduction and recolonization, as well as food plankton and algae that migrate and slide down, are retained and accumulate biomass current (drift), which feeds on juveniles, which favorably affects the development of subsequent links of the trophic chain.

Thus, an artificial pasture is created from artificial algae, which is inhabited by organisms of all levels of the trophic chain, providing conditions for fish that are as close as possible to natural conditions for adaptation and feeding of juvenile sturgeon and favorable both for spawning, feeding, and for habitat of fry and, as a result causing increase in fish productivity.

With the help of artificial pasture, the biomass and the number of inhabitants increase, providing new opportunities for increasing bioproductivity, as well as for accelerating self-cleaning processes due to biofilter fouling, which settle on artificial algae and thereby create prerequisites for restoration of an ecosystem subject to anthropogenic impact.

Elements of artificial pasture do not create obstacles for navigation, with ease of execution and low material consumption, they solve the global problem of creating the habitat of juvenile sturgeon, facilitate adaptation to natural conditions of juveniles obtained in the factory during artificial reproduction.

The creation of artificial pastures for feeding sturgeon juveniles in the Northern Caspian region will increase the efficiency and effectiveness in solving the problem of sturgeon rearing, which includes production processes for harvesting the producers, collecting, fertilizing and incubating eggs, keeping the larvae, growing the larvae and releasing the young.

The practical significance and relevance of the present invention is obvious, since the use of artificial reefs as an additional substrate in the North Caspian is carried out by the Scientific Research Institute of the Caspian Sea Problems LLC and leads to the formation of a local balanced ecosystem with characteristic trophic and biotic connections, increasing the ecological potential of the water area.

Literature:

1. Bioecological foundations and practical results of developing a system for protecting the biological diversity of the Caspian Sea from oil pollution. Sokolsky A.F., Popova N.V., Kolmykov E.V., Kurapov A.A. Astrakhan 2005.

2. Patent for invention No. 2 236 124 Published: 09/20/2004 Bull. No. 262 236 124.

3. Patent for invention No. 2 202 881 Published: 04/27/2003 Bull. No. 122 202 881.

4. Zoobenthos as an indicator of the ecological state of aquatic ecosystems in Western Siberia. Bogatov, 1978.

5. The effect of floods on the composition and structure of zoobenthos in the mountain rivers of the Northwest Caucasus. 2012 Shapovalov M.I., Motorin A.A. Adygea State University

6. Bogatov V.V. Some features of the flow dynamics of the benthos in rain floods. Systematics and Ecology of River Organisms. Vladivostok, 1989. P. 112-119.

7. Benthic fauna of small rivers and the influence of suspended solids from dredging water. Proc. of the Perm GosNIORKh laboratory. 1979. Is. 2. P. 128-131.

Claims (1)

An artificial underwater pasture for feeding sturgeon juveniles in the Northern Caspian region, consisting of artificial algae, forming substrates of the bottom and pelagic parts, where the artificial algae is a collector made of polypropylene rope with tufts of polypropylene fibers woven along the entire length, characterized in that the ribbons collectors that make up the substrate of the bottom part, at least 10,000 cm long, are laid every 500 cm parallel to each other in an amount of at least 100 pcs. at a depth of not more than 1000 cm on the bottom surface perpendicular to the stock flow, and each collector is fixed to the bottom every 500 cm by a metal pointed pin with a length of at least 70 cm and a diameter of at least 1.5 cm, having a hook bend at the end that hooks a collector, and the pointed end is introduced into the ground, and every 500 cm on each bottom collector, a similar pelagic substrate collector 200-500 cm long equipped with a float is tied between the strands of the rope.

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