RU2719526C1 - Method of servicing small-calibre gun barrel channel - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons.

SUBSTANCE: method of servicing barrel channel of small-calibre small-barrel weapon, at which for barrel channel cleaning from guns and gunpowder combustion products, instrument is used for cleaning of barrel channel of small arms, having tip of square cross-section for attachment of patch by stringing and hyperbolic assembly, which provides tight attachment of patch to walls of inner surface of barrel bore, and means for removal of shot products. Patches are used one-time with visual control of purity when leaving the barrel bore. At the end of cleaning, a single uniform movement of the patch with oil is performed to cover the barrel bore with oil.

EFFECT: technical result is increased service life of 5,45 mm Kalashnikov assault rifle, higher quality of service.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a method for servicing a small caliber small arms barrel.

Small arms are divided into small, normal and large caliber weapons.

Small-caliber small arms include weapons of caliber up to 6.5 mm.

Small arms of normal caliber include weapons of caliber from 6.5 to 9 mm.

Small arms of large caliber include weapons of caliber from 9 to 14.5 mm [1,2].

The basis for the reliable operation of any mechanism, including small arms, is the timely and proper care of it. With insufficient preparation of the weapon for firing, long-term operation, with non-compliance with the firing mode and failure to comply with the prescribed rules for caring for the AK 74M, the barrel survivability decreases, which is determined by the established standards for reducing the initial flight speed of the bullet, increasing the radius of dispersion of bullets, the appearance of oval holes [3].

When firing small arms in the barrel as a result of the shot, both combustion products of gunpowder and the capsule of the cartridge (carbon deposit) and particles of the shell material of the bullet — tompak ¹ ( ¹ “Big Encyclopedic Dictionary”, Moscow, 1997) are deposited [4]. Under the action of high temperatures, tompac particles are partially oxidized, covering the bore with a thin layer of plaque of hardly soluble oxides. As a result of this, the bullet adherence density to the walls changes, which affects the characteristics of its movement inside the barrel, which leads to a decrease in accuracy and accuracy of fire. The salts contained in the sugars easily absorb moisture from atmospheric air and turn into saturated solutions of salts, causing increased corrosion of the barrel metal. Particularly quickly, corrosion damage (shells) is formed in the immediate vicinity of copper-plated areas, since copper and steel coated with carbon salts such as electrolyte form a galvanic cell, where steel is a rapidly degrading negative electrode. In order to prevent negative phenomena, the channels of small arms trunks must be cleaned at regular intervals to remove contaminants from bullets and combustion products that accumulate in the barrel.

Service 5.45 mm Kalashnikov assault rifle and, accordingly, its components is carried out at the barracks or camp (field) location of units. The barrel bore of the machine is cleaned by the installed cleaning materials in the manner specified in chapter 5 of the Guide to the 5.45 mm Kalashnikov assault rifle [5].

Applicable materials:

A. Solution of RFS (solution for cleaning the bore):

- water suitable for drinking - 1 l;

- ammonium carbonate ((NH ₄ ) ₂ O ₇ ) - 200 g;

- potassium dichromate (chrompeak) (K ₂ Cr ₂ O ₇ ) - 3-5 gr.

Disadvantages of the RFS solution:

- ammonium carbonate ((NH ₄ ) ₂ O ₇ ) is not stable in air, emits ammonia at room temperature;

- potassium dichromate ((K ₂ Cr ₂ O ₇ )) is highly toxic, carcinogen, fire and explosion hazard, the need for special personal protective equipment;

- accuracy in weighing the ingredients ((NH ₄ ) ₂ O ₇ ) and (K ₂ Cr ₂ O ₇ ));

- use of a special room in the unit;

- improving sanitary standards and safety requirements for the storage of ingredients;

- short life of solution 1 (one day);

- high demands on storage (not more than 7 days in glass vessels clogged with cork, in a dark place and away from heating appliances, not in metal grease fittings);

- in accordance with the Intersectoral restrictive list of fuels, oils, lubricants, special fluids, preservation materials and additives approved for use in armaments, military and special equipment (MOS - 1313500-01-2018), it is allowed to use only RZh oil; ammonium carbonate and potassium dichromate are currently not supplied for the manufacture and subsequent use in a solution of RFS in the service of fuel and lubricants. These ingredients are not supplied in the RAB service. The process of servicing the barrel of small arms is carried out using only RJ oil, which cannot affect the state of the barrel of the weapon and its ballistic properties.

B. Gun grease (RG).

The recommended RG gun oil in the Guide [5] in accordance with TU 38.1011315-90 [6] consists of I-20A industrial oil (GOST 20799-88) [7], T-1 fuel (10227-86) for jet engines [8 ], various additives and thickeners. In accordance with GOST 17479.4-87 [9], the accepted designation of I-20A oil is designated according to the standard as I-G-A-32.

The T-1 fuel (GOST 10227-86) for jet engines [8], which is used in the maintenance of RJ oil, is nothing but kerosene, in which salts (soot) do not dissolve.

Disadvantages of gun grease (RG) solution:

- in the recommendations of the scope of application of GOST 17479.4-87 for oil And GA - 32 the purpose is defined: as for machines and mechanisms, conditions, the operation of which do not impose special requirements on the antioxidant and anticorrosive properties of oils; creates only a protective film on the metal surface;

- salts of carbon deposits do not dissolve in kerosene, and T-1 fuel is one of the main components of RJ oil.

B. Tow (a short fiber, peeled from a bone).

Disadvantages of using tow in maintenance:

- with repeated movement in the bore of the ramrod with the rubbing and tow fixed on it, rubbing with the ramrod is possible (due to the structure of the tow), which will lead to the sending of weapons to the repair shop.

The maintenance method for the 5.45 mm Kalashnikov assault rifle shown in Figure 1, which consists in cleaning the bore after shooting (at the shooting range) (1) with an RF solution or liquid gun grease (2) with mandatory processing of the barrel with an RF solution after it is used upon returning to the barracks (room) (3) or field service (without firing) (4) only with liquid gun grease (5) and the use of gun grease (6) to lubricate the bore of a small-caliber small arms after using an RFM solution or liquid gun grease m into the barrel bore over the entire length several times with a ramrod with rubbing and tow (a short flax fiber peeled from bones) or a brush, fixed on it, until the tow or brush comes out of the barrel without blackness from powder deposits or yellow from rust.

The disadvantages of the produced method of cleaning the bore are indicated in the material of the patent for utility model No. 149215 RU [10].

In foreign armies, in the technological process of servicing small-caliber small arms barrels such as M16, M4 assault rifles and their modifications [11, 12, 13], only CLP (Cleaner lubricant Preservative) oil is used for servicing [14], and tomback removal means barrel bores are not used when cleaning it.

A technical solution to the process of servicing foreign small arms aimed at removing soot and tompak after firing without the use of oil and means of “thawing” is an invention [15] close to the claimed technical solution, which is a small, compact device with thread on one end for mounting on a ramrod having cutting edges at the other end, which will clean off soot and tompak in the barrel of the weapon by scraping.

The disadvantages of this invention are:

- small size;

- maintaining the edges in working condition and proper care for them;

- violation of the cutting edges of the inner surface of the bore;

- not uniform removal of soot and tompak from the bore during scraping.

A technical solution to the process of servicing weapon trunks aimed at removing soot and tompak after firing without mechanical cleaning is an invention close to the claimed technical solution [16]. As a material for cleaning the bore, a foam or aerosol composition is placed in the barrel for a while. In this case, the developers declare the creation of an effective method of cleaning a new type, which will increase the life of the barrel.

The disadvantages of this invention are:

- not uniform application and distribution of the foam-aerosol composition in the barrel channel will create a district cleaning;

- it is necessary to further improve the ammunition for storage, carrying foam aerosol containers with a composition for each military man.

Distinctive features of the proposed method of servicing the barrel bore of small arms of small caliber from those described are [17]:

- an analytical dependence of the accuracy of fire on the quality of service of the barrel of small arms of small caliber is formulated;

- a new method of servicing the bore of the bore of the barrel of small arms of small caliber made it possible to maintain the ballistic properties of the 5.45 mm Kalashnikov assault rifle with the declared resource;

- a new method of servicing the bore of the bore of the barrel of small arms of small caliber increased the resource of 5.45 mm Kalashnikov assault rifle by 15%.

The technical result of the invention is aimed at changing the method of servicing small arms of small caliber in order to protect the bore of the barrel of small arms of small caliber from firing products without losing ballistic characteristics throughout the claimed resource, increasing the combat readiness of the unit due to an increase in resource and reducing the time for servicing 5.45 mm Kalashnikov assault rifle.

The technical result is achieved by the use of a tool for removing shot products and lubrication on the inner surface of the bore of a small-caliber small arms barrel, a tool for cleaning the bore of small arms, having a square tip for attaching the patch by stringing and a hyperbolic assembly that makes the patch snug to the walls of the inner surface of the bore of a small-caliber barrel, a means is applied to remove the products of the shot on the patch and, holding one hand small arms of small caliber behind the muzzle, and the other, without bending the ramrod with a screwed-on tool for cleaning the barrel of small arms, produce a uniform uniform advance along the entire length of the barrel of small arms of small caliber, remove the patch that appears from the chamber side and repeat the procedure until until the product for removing the products of the shot covers the entire bore of a small-caliber small arms barrel, they wait, produce a single uniform advance along the entire length of the bore with small caliber small arms and conduct visual inspection of the patch, clean the bore of the small caliber small arms until the patch leaves the small bore of the small caliber without traces of firing products, make a uniform uniform advance to cover the small bore with small arms caliber, provide complete purification of the chrome coating during maintenance of the barrel bore of small arms of small caliber.

Distinctive features of the experimental method of servicing the bore of a small-caliber small arms barrel [17] is to increase the survivability of the bore as a result of the integration of modern domestic operational materials and the cycle of actions into a single system.

Sources of information:

1. Vilinov, L.I. Fundamentals of the device and operation of small arms and grenade launchers [Text]: methodological manual / L.I. Wilinov. - M. Voe-nizdat, 1978.- 195 p.

2. GOST 28653-90. Small arms. Terms and Definitions. -Introduction. 1991-07-01. - M .: Standartinform, 2005 .-- 67 p.

3. Blagonravov, A.A. The basis for the design of automatic weapons [Text]: textbook / A.A. Blagonravov. - M. Oborongiz, 1940 .-- 490 p.

4. Kirillov, V.M. The foundations of the design and design of small arms. Properties, ballistic solution, cartridges, trunks [Text]: textbook / V.M. Kirillov. - Penza, 1963 - 343 p.

5. Manual for 5.45 mm Kalashnikov assault rifles AK74, AK74M, AKS74, AKS74U, AK74N, AK74CH1, AK74N2, AK74NZ, AKS74N, AKS74N1, AKS74N2, AKS74NZ, AKS74UN2 and 5.45 mm Kalashnikov R74PM, 74PKM, 74PM, 74MM, Kalashnikov light machine guns , RPKS74N, RPKS74N1, RPKS74N26 RPKS74NZ [Text]. - M: Military Publishing House, 2001 .-- 256 p.

6. Fuels, lubricants, technical fluids. Assortment and application [text]: reference book / I.G. Anisimov, K.M. Badyshtova, S.A. Bnatov et al .; under the editorship of V.M. Shkolnikov. - 2nd ed., Revised. and add. - Moscow: Tekhinform Publishing Center of the International Informatization Academy, 1999.

7. GOST 20799-88. Industrial oils. Technical conditions - Enter. 1990-01-01. - M .: Standartinform, 2005.

8. GOST 10227-86. Fuel for jet engines. Technical conditions - Enter. 1987-01-01., As amended 2018-02-18, - M .: Standartinform, 2005.

9. GOST 17479.4-87. Industrial oils. Classification and designation. - Enter. 1988-07-01. - M .: Standartinform, 2006.

10. Pat. No. 149215 RU, IPC F41A 29/02. Tool for cleaning the barrel bore of small arms [Text] / Korotaev DV /; Applicant and potential owner Korotaev D.V. - No. 149215; declared 08/11/2014; publ. 12/27/2014.

11.8. Daniel Defense: [electronic resource] / M4 carbine. Instruction / safety manual: [instructions for cleaning M4]. (08/01/13).

12. FM 3-22.9 (FM23-9): [electronic pecypc] / Rifle marksmanship M16A1, M16A2 / 3, M16A4 and M4 carbine. Headquarters Department of the Army, 2003.

13. STP 21-1-SMCT. Headquarters Department of the Army. Solders Manual of Common Tasks. Warrior Skills Level 1, 2009.

14. CLP [Electronic Resource] -Access Mode: http // www.safariland.com. - Cleaning kits. Gun cleaning kits and components. - (Date of treatment 02.15.2016).

15. Pat. 3765045 V, USPTO, IPC F41A 29/00, F41A 29/00. Fire arms cleaning tool [Text] / Munz R, Schneider F /; Applicant and Patent Holder MunzR, Schneider F. - US 3,756,045 B; declared 09/20/1971; publ. 10/16/1973.

16. Pat. 2128319 WIPO, IPC 6 F, 6 F 41 A. Method of cleaning of gun barrels and composition of cleaning agents [Text] / Paananen Markku /; Applicant and Patent Holder Kojvuluoma Mar'ja. - No.2128319; declared 01/10/1995; publ. 03/27/1999.

17. The act of conducting comparative tests of servicing machine gun shafts of Kalashnikov Concern OJSC, Izhevsk.

Claims (1)

A method of servicing a bore of a small-caliber small arms barrel, which consists in cleaning the bore of a small-caliber small arms exposed to powder gases by introducing a ramrod several times into the barrel bore with a brush fixed to it and applied with an RFS solution or rubbing it through the slot which a tow is passed through (short flax fiber, free from bones) with liquid gun grease applied on it until the brush or tow comes out of the barrel without yellow from rust reasons or blackness from powder deposits, but due to repeated movement in the barrel bore of small arms of small caliber, it is possible to get rubbed with a ramrod, which will lead to the sending of weapons to the repair shop, characterized in that they are used for applying small arms to the barrel bore caliber means for removing shots and lubrication products a tool for cleaning the bore of a small arms barrel having a square tip for attaching a patch by stringing and hyperbole A small unit that makes the patch fit snugly against the walls of the inner surface of the bore of a small caliber barrel, apply a means to remove the shot products on the patch and, holding with one hand small arms of small caliber by the muzzle, and the other without bending the ramrod with a screwed tool for cleaning the bore small arms, produce a single uniform advance along the entire length of the barrel bore of small arms of small caliber, remove the patch that appears from the chamber side and repeat the procedure until eye, the product for removing the products of the shot does not cover the entire bore of the small-caliber small arms barrel, wait, make a single uniform advance along the entire length of the bore of the small-caliber small arms and visually inspect the patch, clean the bore of the small-caliber small arms until the patch will not go out of the barrel of a small-caliber small arms without traces of firing products, produce a single uniform advance to cover the barrel of a small arms with oil weapons of small caliber, provide full purification of the chrome coating during maintenance of the barrel bore of small arms of small caliber.

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