RU2549723C1 - Rifled barrel of artillery and small-arm systems - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: rifled barrel of artillery and small-arm systems has a channel which consists of a rifled part, a lead-in cone and a chamber. The smooth part of the lead-in cone is made in the form of a removable sleeve, the angle at the vertex of the lead-in cone is determined from the expression: $$2\alpha \le 2arctg\frac{d_{dd}-d_{dr}}{2X_n},$$

where 2α is the angle at the vertex of the lead-in cone of the rifled barrel channel; d_dr is the channel diameter of the rifled barrel at the bottom of the rifles; X_n is the length of the smooth part of the lead-in cone of the rifled barrel channel, d_dd is the diameter of the driving device of the munition.

EFFECT: increased resource of the rifled barrel, improvement of the conditions for its repair.

4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of armament, namely, to the barrels of firearms, can be used in the development of artillery and small arms, and can also be used in machines and mechanisms having pairs of sliding friction, operating at high sliding speeds and high pressure in contact.

The rifled barrel of artillery-rifle systems is known, the internal cavity of which, called the channel, consists of a rifled part, a lead-in cone (connecting cone, a bullet inlet) and a chamber (chamber) (see Larman E.K. Design and manufacture of artillery systems. 1. - M .: Military publishing house of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs, 1949, p. 48-54, fig. 12). Almost all rifled barrels, from pistols to artillery, have similar designs (so-called monoblock barrels).

The resource of rifled barrels of artillery and rifle systems of such a design significantly limits the increase in the combat effectiveness of artillery and rifle systems, provided by an increase in the pressure of powder gases and rates of ammunition and the use of shell material in the designs of leading munition devices to increase their load capacity and reduce the cost of manufacturing munition shells, and this As a rule, various steel grades, the mechanical and tribotechnical characteristics of which differ markedly from ristich traditional materials leading belts - copper and its alloys.

It is known that the life of rifled barrels of rifle-artillery systems is measured by the number of shots made before a significant change in the ballistic qualities of the weapon, deterioration of the accuracy of fire, before cases of unsatisfactory functioning of ammunition, fatigue destruction of the barrel. The main causes causing the wear of the barrels of artillery and rifle systems (reduction of their resource) are: high pressure, temperature and corrosion activity of the powder gases; pressure of the leading device of the projectile (bullet) on the elements of the rifling during insertion and with further guidance of the projectile along the channel of the rifled barrel the pressure of the centering bulges from the imbalance of the projectile and from its initial bias in the rifled barrel channel to the rifling fields.

An increase in the life of a rifled barrel of rifle-artillery systems of the aforementioned design is achieved by creating protective antifriction coatings (material layers, films) on their inner surface that have increased hardness, low tendency to abrasion and sticking, and corrosion resistance: for example, deposition on the inner surface of the bore a layer of chromium; special types of cementing of the inner surface of the bore; the hardening provided by the surface metal layer, as a result of which it is possible to increase the barrel life sometimes from one and a half to two times (see Blagonravov A.A. Effect of a shot on gun barrels. - L .: Publishing house of the Artillery Academy of the Red Army, 1933, pp. 2-49) . An increase in the life of the rifled barrel of artillery and rifle systems is also provided by the use of progressive slicing.

The main disadvantage of the rifled barrel of artillery and rifle systems of this design is the use of special equipment, the cost of coating and the implementation of the original rifling in many cases are not justified by the level of increase in barrel life. The technological process of barrel electrochemical chromium plating is harmful to the health of staff and also requires solving environmental problems of wastewater. For monoblock rifled trunks, the wear of a certain section of the bore requires the replacement of the entire barrel.

Closest to the proposed rifled barrel of artillery and rifle systems is, adopted for the prototype, the rifled barrel of artillery and rifle systems, consisting of three parts: the muzzle, middle and chamber, and the channel of which has a rifled part, an entry cone and a chamber, for example a barrel of 105 mm Flak 38 and 39 anti-aircraft guns (see Shirokorad AB, God of War of the Third Reich. - M .: Iz-in ACT, 2003, p. 407). Chamber and middle parts of the rifled barrel of these artillery systems are connected in the upper part of the chamber, the joint between them is blocked by a sleeve. The middle and muzzle parts of the rifled barrel of these artillery systems are connected in the rifled part and the joint between them does not overlap. The advantage of the composite rifled barrel of these artillery-rifle systems is the ability to replace during its repair only the middle part, the most susceptible to wear, instead of changing the entire barrel.

However, for a rifled trunk of the aforementioned design, an increase in the resource of the replaceable middle part of the trunk remains an urgent unsolved problem, as well as for the previously mentioned monoblock trunks. The complexity of manufacturing this part of the rifled barrel, due to the presence of rifling in it, is also great. The need to ensure accurate and tight mating of the middle and muzzle parts along the channel at the junction causes a noticeable increase in the cost of not only their manufacture, but also subsequent repairs due to the need for accurate fitting of the new middle part when replacing a worn one. Performing such repairs requires qualified personnel.

The problem solved by the invention is to create the design of the rifled barrel of artillery and rifle systems of increased resource and providing a reduction in the cost of its subsequent repairs.

The problem is achieved in that in the proposed threaded barrel of artillery and rifle systems, the channel of which consists of a threaded part, a lead-in cone and a chamber, the smooth part of the lead-in cone is made in the form of a replaceable sleeve, and the angle at the top of the lead-in cone is determined from the expression

,

,

where 2α is the angle at the apex of the entry cone of the rifled barrel channel;

d _days - the diameter of a rifled barrel rifling on the bottom;

X _n - the length of the smooth part of the entry cone of the rifled barrel channel, the passage of which provides the ammunition when inserted at the moment of firing a set of speed equal to or greater than the rate of viscoplastic flow of the material of the munition master device;

d _WU - diameter of the leading device of the munition.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows the proposed rifled barrel artillery and rifle systems, in the channel of which ammunition is placed; in Fig. A, Fig. 1 is a fragment of the proposed rifled barrel of artillery and rifle systems, the channel of which has a lead-in cone with an angle of 2α ₁ at the apex and a smooth part made in the form of a replaceable sleeve, and a fragment of the munition housing located in it with a lead device; figure 2 is a fragment of the proposed rifled barrel of artillery and rifle systems, the channel of which has a lead-in cone with an angle of 2α ₂ at the apex and a smooth part made in the form of a replaceable sleeve, and a fragment of the munition housing located in it with a lead device; figure 3 is a graph of the velocity V (L) of the ammunition during a shot in the channel of the rifled barrel of artillery-shooting systems, for example, a 30 mm grenade automatic grenade launcher AG-30; figure 4 - the dynamics of the wear of the rifling fields of the rifled barrel of artillery and rifle systems, for example, 12.7 mm OSV-96 rifle when using a cartridge with a single-element steel bullet.

The proposed rifled barrel of artillery and rifle systems (Fig. 1) has a channel, which consists of a threaded part 1, a lead-in cone 2, the smooth part of which is made in the form of a replaceable sleeve 3, and a chamber 4, and ammunition 5 is placed in it; Fig. A in Fig. 1 shows a fragment of the proposed rifled barrel of artillery and rifle systems, the channel of which consists of a rifled part 1 and a lead-in cone 2 with an angle of 2α ₁ at the apex (½ of this angle is shown on the fragment) and consisting of conical slopes of 6 rifling fields 7 having a size of d _days on the bottom 8 and the smooth part 9 which is formed as a removable insert 3, the right end 10 of which does not reach the start 11 of grooves 7 and the chambers 4 and fragment located in the channel body trunk 12 munition 5 leading device 13 made, for example, of material of the housing 12 and combined with it in the form of a set of alternating annular protrusions 14 having a size d _wu1 , when the housing 12 of the ammunition 5 is moved at a distance X ₁ along the rifled barrel of the artillery and rifle systems when the ring protrusion 14 of the master device 13 is inserted at the time of the shot, it is crushed smooth tapered part 9 of the replaceable sleeve 3 to size d _n1 ; figure 2 shows a view A of figure 1 of the proposed rifled barrel of artillery and rifle systems, the channel of which consists of a rifled part 1 and a lead-in cone 2 with an angle of 2α ₂ (2α ₂ > 2α ₁ ) at the apex (a fragment shows ½ of this angle) and consisting of tapered ramps 6 fields grooves 7 having a size of d _days on the bottom 8 and the smooth part 9 which is formed as a removable insert 3, the right end 10 of which does not reach the start 11 of grooves 7, the chambers 4 and fragment located in the channel of the barrel of the housing 12 of the munition 5 with the host device 13, made, for example, of material a housing 12 and integrally with it in the form of a plurality of alternating annular ridges 14 having a size d _By2, when moving the housing 12 munition 5 by a distance X ₂ = X ₁ channel rifled barrel artillery shooting systems for insertion in the moment of firing the annular projection 14 leading device 13 is crumpled by a smooth conical part 9 of the replaceable sleeve 3 and a conical slope 6 of the rifling fields 7 of the entry cone 2 of the channel of the proposed rifled barrel of artillery-shooting systems to size d _n2 ; figure 3 is a graph of the velocity V (L) of the munition during a shot in the channel of the rifled barrel of artillery and rifle systems, for example, a 30 mm grenade of an AG-30 automatic grenade launcher (knowing the speed of the viscoplastic flow V _{n of the} material of the host device, according to the graph of the velocity of the munition V ( L) the movement of ammunition X is determined along the rifled barrel channel at which its velocity V will reach or exceed the rate of viscoplastic flow V _{n of the} material of the host device); figure 4 - the dynamics of the wear of the rifling fields of the rifled rifle barrel of artillery and rifle systems, for example, a 12.7 mm OSV-96 rifle when using a cartridge with a single-element steel bullet.

The main reason for the wear of contact surfaces in the initial stage of movement is setting. Studies have established that for self-regulation of the friction process (exclusion of gripping) in a highly loaded contact, they are achieved when the sliding velocity V exceeds the rate of visco-plastic flow of material V _n , from which the “counterbody” (munition master device) is made. For steel V _nc > 17.2 m / s, for copper V _pm > 317 m / s (maximum values calculated for the melting temperature of the material) (see N. Bush, Fedorov S.V. Friction contact condition and properties metals in setting conditions // Friction and wear. - 1991. T.12. - No. 1. - S.46-55). Using a numerical model linking the friction coefficients with the thermophysical properties of materials and the geometric parameters of the contacting surfaces, it is shown that when certain values of speed and pressure in a contact are reached, the friction coefficient decreases by an order of magnitude or more (see Ettls S. M. The effect of thermal effects on friction at high sliding speeds // Transactions of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Problems of Friction. M .: Mir. - 1986. - No. 1. - P.71-79). Similar data are given in other works (see Balakin V.A., Pereveraeva O.V. Problems of friction and wear on rocket tracks // Friction and wear. - 1991. V.12 - No. 5. - S.896-903 ) It has also been shown that for a 155 mm howitzer, the melting of a thin surface layer of the material of the master device, and hence the self-regulation of the friction process in contact, begins to occur even at V≥20 m / s (see Montgomery RS Surface Melting of Rotating Bands. Wear, Vol. 38, 1976, pp. 235-243). Creation of conditions for self-regulation of the friction process in the “barrel-munition master device” contact, in which the friction coefficient in this contact decreases by an order of magnitude or more, can significantly increase the survivability of the rifled barrel of artillery-shooting systems. In this case, wear occurs only at the munition master, since its elements are constantly in contact with the grooves of the barrel channel, and the wear of the groove elements of the barrel channel is insignificant due to the fact that they are in contact with the master at each time point with a new section of their surface.

In the proposed rifled barrel of artillery and rifle systems (Fig. 1), the channel of which consists of a rifled portion 1 and a lead-in cone 2 with an angle of 2α ₁ (view A of Fig. 1) at the apex and consisting of conical slopes 6 of the rifling fields 7 and the smooth part 9, which is formed as a removable insert 3, the right end 10 of which does not reach the start 11 of grooves 7 having a size of d _days on the bottom 8 and the chambers 4, for insertion in the moment of firing ammunition 5, consisting of the housing 12 with the driving device 13 made, for example, from the material of the housing 12 and combined with it in the form of a combination of eduyuschihsya annular projections 14, whose diameter d _vu1, accelerated to a speed V _1, to create a contact "barrel - the master device munition" conditions for self friction process requires that this velocity V ₁ has reached the value V _n, it occurs at a distance X ₁ (determined by the schedule V (L) - figure 3), while the annular protrusion 14 of the master device 13, wrinkled by the smooth conical part 9 of the replaceable sleeve 3 to size d _n1 , will be in the smooth conical part 9 of the replaceable sleeve 3 of the entry cone 2 of the channel proposed rifled barrel artillery rifle systems, i.e. before the start of the rifling 11 (d _n1 > d _days ).

If in a rifled barrel of artillery and rifle systems (Fig. 1), the channel of which consists of a rifled part 1 and a lead-in cone 2, having an angle 2α ₂ at the apex (Fig. 2) and consisting of conical slopes 6 of the rifling fields 7, the size of the bottom 8 of which are d _days , and the smooth part 9, which is made in the form of a replaceable sleeve 3, the right end of which 10 does not reach the beginning of 11 grooves 7, and the chamber 4, the angle 2α ₂ at the top of the entry cone 2 exceeds 2α ₁ (2α ₂ > 2α ₁ ) (view A of Fig. 1), then in this case, when cutting ammunition 5 at the time of the shot, consisting of a housing 12 with a master device 13, made, for example, from the material of the hull 12 and connected with it in the form of a set of alternating annular protrusions 14, the diameter of which d _w2 = d _w1 , is accelerated to a speed of V ₂ to create conditions for self-regulation in the “barrel - munition master ammunition” contact the friction process, it is necessary that the speed V ₂ reaches the value of V _n , this occurs at a distance of X ₂ (determined by the schedule V (L) - figure 3), and since in this case the angle 2α ₂ at the apex of the entry cone of the bore is increased, this leads to the fact that the annular protrusion 14 of the leading mustache trinity 13 will crumple to size d _n2 not only with the smooth conical part 9 of the removable sleeve 3, but also with conical slopes 6 of the rifling fields 7 of the inlet cone 2 of the rifled barrel channel (d _n2 <d _days ), i.e. it will already be behind the beginning of 11 grooves 7 (outside the removable sleeve 3).

It follows from the foregoing that by varying the angle of the inlet part of the rifled barrel channel, i.e. having the ammunition master device at certain distances X from the beginning of the threaded portion of the entry cone of the barrel channel, the ammunition can be accelerated to speeds reaching or exceeding the viscoplastic flow rate of the material of its master device V _n even in the dimensions of the smooth part of the barrel cone channel entrance, which will exclude the creation of conditions for grasping in the contact "barrel - the leading device of the munition" with the further movement of the munition along the threaded portion of the barrel channel, i.e. significantly reduce the wear of this, more labor-intensive, part of the rifled barrel channel, and, as a result, create a rifled barrel of artillery and rifle systems of increased life. Knowing the dependence of the velocity of the munition V (L) on the distance X traveled through the channel of the rifled barrel of artillery and rifle systems (this dependence is known for each system) and by setting 2α and (or) d _wu , you can always get this position of the munition X in the channel of the rifled barrel artillery - shooting systems from the beginning of the rifling of the entry cone, which will provide a set of speed V, which will reach or exceed the value of V _n in the smooth part of the entry cone of the barrel channel even before the start of the conical slope of the rifling fields. For example, the path X of a grenade with a steel master when inserting a 30 mm automatic grenade launcher AG-30 at a point of shot along the barrel to a speed set of V _n = 17.2 m / s is about 2 mm (Fig. 3).

Using the known values of the diameter of the channel of the rifled barrel of artillery and rifle systems along the bottom of the rifle, the amount of movement of the munition master on the smooth part of the lead-in cone when embedding at the time of the shot and the diameter of the lead of the munition, you can design a rifled barrel of artillery and rifle systems with an angle at the apex of the lead-in cone whose value is determined from the expression

,

,

where 2α is the angle at the apex of the entry cone of the rifled barrel channel;

d _days - the diameter of a rifled barrel rifling on the bottom;

X _n - the length of the smooth part of the entry cone of the rifled barrel channel, the passage of which provides the ammunition when inserted at the moment of firing a set of speed equal to or greater than the rate of viscoplastic flow of the material of the munition master device;

d _wu is the diameter of the munition master device, and which will ensure the ammunition when inserted at the time of the shot, gain a speed V equal to or greater than the speed V _{n of the} viscoplastic flow of the material of its master device even before the threaded portion of the barrel channel (in the dimensions of the replaceable sleeve), i.e. . will create conditions for self-regulation of the friction process in the “barrel-munition master” contact, which will reduce the coefficient of friction in this contact and, consequently, increase the life of the rifled barrel of the artillery-shooting systems of the proposed design.

Analysis of the wear of the rifled barrel of the artillery and rifle systems of the proposed design (figure 4) allows us to draw the following conclusions:

- in the muzzle and middle parts of this rifled barrel, wear is practically absent;

- the wear of the beginning of the rifling is small and is ordered in nature, since the depth of the rifling remains almost unchanged;

- the smooth part of the lead-in cone of the threaded barrel is worn out.

The wear of the smooth part of the inlet cone of the rifled barrel channel is compensated by the fact that this section, in comparison with the rifled part of the rifled barrel channel, is simpler in shape and does not require high-precision manufacturing, special orientation for combining fields and rifling, ensuring tight joints and difficult fitting, as a result of which it can be performed as a separate part (replaceable sleeve), including from a more wear-resistant material, and can be replaced even before wear of the threaded part begins. The operation of replacing a removable smooth sleeve is simple, does not require special knowledge and skills, and can be performed by unskilled personnel outside the factory environment, which reduces the cost of repairing a rifled barrel of artillery-shooting systems of the proposed design.

Claims (1)

A rifled barrel of artillery-shooting systems, the channel of which consists of a rifled part, a lead-in cone and a chamber, characterized in that the smooth part of the lead-in cone is made in the form of a replaceable sleeve, and the angle at the top of the lead-in cone is determined from the expression:

,
where 2α is the angle at the apex of the entry cone of the rifled barrel channel;
d _days - the diameter of a rifled barrel rifling on the bottom;
X _n - the length of the smooth part of the inlet cone of the rifled barrel channel;
d _WU - diameter of the leading device of the munition.

Images