RU2717169C1 - Device for measuring hardness of soil - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: measuring equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to instruments for measuring physical properties of soil, in particular, for determination of hardness of soil with fixation of indicators on paper carrier (hardness meter). Device for measuring hardness of soil comprises upper and lower support plates with guide bars with movable plate fixed between them, detachable plate for paper and telescopic bar with replaceable tip, spring, carriage, writing mechanism, handle and fixing screw. Between the horizontal tie-rod and the spring-loaded bracket of the writing mechanism there is additionally a rotary assembly consisting of a body with a lever, a small cylindrical spring, an axis with a washer and nuts. On the guide bars on one side under the upper support plate a locking assembly is fixed, made of cylindrical clamps with bolts and a hole in the center under the fixing screw, and on the other above the lower edge of the base plate of the clamp there is a spring clamp with pressure clamps, inside which a disk with a flat spot adjacent to the guide rod is installed in the center of the lower cylindrical turning of the base plate.

EFFECT: improving reliability of device design and facilitating operation with a hardness meter.

1 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The proposed device relates to tools for determining the hardness of the soil with fixing indicators on paper to a depth of 50 cm.

One of the most important physical characteristics of the soil is hardness, i.e. its ability to resist squeezing and wedging.

The most widely used for measuring soil hardness are hardness testers, the constituent parts of which are springs with a predetermined compression force, plungers and recording mechanisms fixing the ratios of the compression force of the spring when moving the plunger in the soil.

A device for measuring the hardness of the soil of the root layer of herbaceous plants [1]. The device includes a base with guide rods fixed to it, a multi-section working rod with a spring and a writing mechanism. A disadvantage of the known device is the low reliability and complexity in operation.

Known field soil hardness tester design Tarasenko-Babitsky [2], consisting of a rack with handles, a rod with a plunger and a protective tube, traction, spring, support shoe and recording device. In the known hardness tester, an attempt was made to separate the forces of crushing the soil with the end face of the plunger and the friction forces of the side walls of the plunger against the ground. However, in most hardness testers, the diameter of the plunger is significantly greater than the diameter of the rod, the rod moves in the cylinder formed by the plunger and therefore its lateral friction is negligible. And the presence of a guide tube reduces the reliability of the device due to clogging of the gap between the tube and the rod with moist soil.

The Revyakin hardness tester [3] is known, due to its simplicity and reliability, it gained the greatest distribution and gradually replaced other devices in the Soviet, and subsequently in the post-Soviet space. Part of the working device is a replaceable tip screwed onto the lower end of the telescopic rod, which is connected via spring to the push handle. The deformation of the spring through the system of rods and levers is transmitted to the spring bracket and forms a pencil chart on a paper tape.

The well-known hardness tester has been used for many years to determine the hardness of the soil. At the same time, the need was identified for the quick transfer of the pencil to the working and idle positions, the use of quicker and simpler paper fixing, as well as increasing the rigidity of the entire structure when working on solid soils. To eliminate the above disadvantages, the Revyakin hardness tester was finalized, as described in the description of the inventive device.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the reliability of the design of the device and facilitate the work with the hardness tester.

To eliminate the above disadvantages and solve the problem, a device for determining the hardness of the soil (hardness tester) is proposed, consisting of two guide rods fixed between each other by the upper and lower support plates. A sliding plate with a handle, a telescopic rod, a large spring and a replaceable tip is installed on the guide rods. The telescopic rod is covered by a carriage with rods, a spring clip and a pencil. In this case, the spring bracket at the end of the horizontal traction with flat is fixed through a rotary assembly consisting of a housing, a lever, a small coil spring and an axis with a washer and nuts. On one of the guide rods, a base plate is fixed with rivets with an upper U-shaped grip for a removable plate and with a lower end bent into a tube, in the center of which a disk with a flat is fixed with a pin. The removable paper plate has grooves on both sides for securing the paper from movements in the transverse directions. Moreover, in the upper part it is fixed relative to the rivet in a U-shaped grip, and below it is centered relative to the flat with the flat and pressed by the clamping unit, additionally fixed with a clamp on the guide rod.

In addition, locking units are additionally installed in the hardness tester under the upper support plate, consisting of connected cylindrical clamps with bolts, between which a hole for a fixing screw is made in the center.

In FIG. 1 shows a device for measuring soil hardness (hardness tester) front view, FIG. 2 is a side view, in FIG. 3 is an enlarged section of the locking assembly AA, in FIG. 4 is an enlarged section of a writing unit BB, in FIG. 5 is a cross-section of the mounting of the recording unit on the other side of the CC.

The hardness tester contains two guide rods 1 (Fig. 1), on one of which the lower base plate 2 is riveted and the movable plate 3 can be moved along them. The guide rods 1 are rigidly fixed to each other by a locking unit 4 and an upper supporting plate 5 with a locking screw 6. Between the guide rods 1, through the movable plate 3, the handle 7 is attached to the telescopic rod 8. A vertical rod 9, a two-arm lever 10, a horizontal rod 11 and a housing of the rotary assembly 12 are pivotally mounted on the handle 7 a spring clip 13 with a pencil 14 is rigidly mounted. Additionally, the horizontal rod 11 is pivotally connected to the carriage 15 with an inclined rod 16. The carriage 15 is mounted on the telescopic rod 8 and connected by a pin to its inner part. The bottom base plate 2 has a U-shaped grip on top, in which a removable paper plate 17 with paper tape 18 is installed, and a removable paper plate 17 with paper tape 18 is fixed from below by a spring clip 19 with inclined pressure brackets 20, one of which is additionally secured with a clamp 21 on the guide rod 1. At the bottom, the guide rods 1 are held together by a base 22, in the center of which are located the lower part of the telescopic rod 8 with a replaceable tip 23. On the case of the rotary assembly 12 (Fig. 2) a lever 24 is finally fixed, and between the guide rods 1 under the carriage 15 on the telescopic rods 8 a large coil spring 25 is installed. The upper end is fixed to the outer part of the telescopic rod 8, and the lower end to the inside.

Additional fixation of the removable plate for paper 17 with paper tape 18 from lateral displacements is provided by the grooves in the removable plate for paper 17. The upper groove is held by a central rivet in the U-shaped grip, and the lower one covers the disk 26 with a bevel fixed with a pin in the center of the lower cylindrical base plate 2. The locking unit 4 (Fig. 3) is installed in the upper part of the hardness tester. Connected cylindrical clamps, squeezed by the locking bolts 27, cover both guide rods 1 and keep them from mutual rotation. In addition, in the center of the locking assembly, an opening was made for the locking screw 6. The housing of the rotary assembly 12 (Fig. 4) is mounted on a horizontal link 11 with an axis 28 with an internal nut 29, a washer 30, a small coil spring 31 and an internal nut 32. In doing so, horizontal draft 11 (Fig. 5) made rounded bevel (flat) 33, allowing the body of the rotary node 12 to rotate 90 degrees.

A device for measuring soil hardness (hardness tester) works as follows. The hardness tester is calibrated before work. To do this, a certain measured force is given to the handle 7 (Fig. 1) of a vertically mounted hardness tester. The large coil spring 25 (FIG. 2) is compressed and the writing mechanism deflects the pencil 14 (FIG. 1) in the horizontal direction. The ratio of force and deviation is measured and used for further calculations. Initially, the paper tape 18 is fixed in the hardness tester 18. For this, the pressure brackets 20 are compressed, the spring clip 19 is opened and the lower part, and then the entire removable paper plate 17, is removed from the clip 17. The paper tape 18 is laid on it longer than the removable the plate, wrap the ends of the paper tape and insert it first into the U-shaped upper grip of the base plate 2, and then into the spring clip 19. The pressure clip 20 is released and the spring clip 19, in which the second bracket is secured with a clamp 21 1, presses the paper tape 18 and centers the lower part of the removable paper plate 17 relative to the bevel (flat) 26 (Fig. 2), fixed with a pin in the center of the lower cylindrical bend of the base plate 2. Next, pencil 14 (Fig. 1) screw into the holder on the spring clip 13 until the rod touches the paper tape 18 and, unscrewing the locking screw 6, move the movable part of the hardness tester for the handle 7 and draw a zero line on the paper. Then, using the lever 24, rotate the housing of the rotary assembly 12 around the axis 28 (Fig. 4) with a small spring 31, the washer 30, the outer nut 29. The housing 12 is rotated relative to the horizontal link 11 (Fig. 5) around the axis 28 with the inner nut 32 along the flat ( bevel) 33 to 90 degrees. Together with the housing of the rotary assembly 12 (Fig. 4), the spring clip 13 also rotates, moving the pencil 14 away from the paper tape 18. The hardness tester is returned to its original position.

In a given place, put the hardness tester with the base 22 (Fig. 1) on the soil in an upright position, return the case of the rotary assembly 12 with the spring clip 13 and the pencil 14 to the working position and press the lower part of the telescopic rod 8 with the tip 23 into the soil by the handle 7. In this case, the movable plate 3 moves along the guide rods 1 and under the action of the resistance force of the penetration of the tip 23, the large cylindrical spring 25 (Fig. 2) is compressed, and the telescopic rods 8 slide inside each other. The distance between the handle 7 and the carriage 15 is reduced and this is transmitted through the vertical rod 9 to the two-arm lever 10, pivotally mounted on the carriage 15, which moves the horizontal rod 11 (Fig. 1) in the transverse direction beyond the middle. At one end, the horizontal rod 11 through the inclined rod 16 is pivotally connected to the carriage 15, and the second end moves the pencil 14 through the rotary assembly and the spring bracket 13, both in the longitudinal and transverse directions, drawing a load curve on the paper tape 18.

When measuring hardness on highly compacted or shriveled soil, great efforts are applied to the handle 7 of the hardness tester to deepen the tip. The hardness tester increases the hardness tester, which loosens the attachment points of the guide rods 1 with the upper support plate 5 and the base 22. To increase the overall structural rigidity, a locking unit 4 with bolts 27 is installed under the upper support plate 5 of the hardness tester, which additionally has cylindrical clamps fixes the guide rods 1. In addition, the locking unit 4 limits the vertical movement of the telescopic rods 8, which eliminates the loss of the inner telescopic rod 8 with a small tip 23 from ENTRAL bottom of the hole 22.

After deepening the hardness tester into the soil, the pencil 14 is turned into the idle position by the lever 24 and the lower part of the telescopic rods 8 with the tip 23 is removed from the soil by the handle 7. Having installed the hardness tester in a new place and returning the writing unit to the working position, repeat the required number of measurements with fixing each curve. Pressing the pressure bracket 20, quickly remove the removable plate for paper 17 with the ability to quickly replace the paper tape 18 and return them to the base plate 2 under the spring clip 19.

After completing the measurements, the deviation values of the diagrams are taken at each depth, their average values are determined, and using the previously obtained calibration coefficient (individual for each hardness tester), the average value of hardness at different depths is determined.

The proposed device was manufactured by improving the Revyakin hardness tester and was successfully used in determining the hardness of the soil in the field.

List of references

1. Patent for utility model 106746 Ros. Federations: IPC G01N 3/00 Device for measuring soil hardness / Korpushov S.A., Petrov V.I., Zhdanov Yu.M .; Applicant and patent holder of GNU VNIALMI RAAS - No. 201051074/15; declared 12/13/2010, publ. 07/20/2011, bull. No. 20.

2. Patent for cinnamon, model 25914 UA, IPC G01N 1/02 Polovy hard ground primer of construction Tarasenko-Babitsky / Tarasenko B.I., Babitsky L.F .; Applicant and patent holder of the National Agrarian University - No. u200704449; declared 04/23/2007, publ. 08/27/2007, bull. No. 13.

3. Vadyunina A.F., Korchagina Z.A. Methods of studying the physical properties of soils. - M .: Agropromizdat, 1986 .-- 141 p.

Claims (2)

1. A device for measuring soil hardness, including upper and lower support plates with guide rods fixed between them with a movable plate, a removable paper plate and a telescopic rod with a replaceable tip, with a spring, a carriage, a writing mechanism, a handle and a fixing screw, characterized in that between the horizontal rod and the spring bracket of the writing mechanism, a rotary assembly is additionally made, consisting of a housing with a lever, a small coil spring, an axis with a washer and nuts, and on the one side, under the upper support plate, a locking unit is fixed, made of cylindrical clamps with bolts and a hole in the center for a fixing screw, and on the other, a spring clip with pressure brackets is fixed over the bottom edge of the base plate with a clamp inside which is in the center of the lower cylindrical lapel the base plate is mounted with a flat flat adjacent to the guide rod. 2. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that on a horizontal thrust made flat (bevel) around the circumference of 90 degrees relative to the axis of the rotary node.

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