RU2716964C1 - Vehicle technical condition monitoring telemeasure system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: control systems.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to monitoring devices. Telemetric system for control of technical state of vehicle comprises power synthesizer, navigation module, communication module and central microprocessor module. Additionally, there is an analogue-to-digital converter connected to oil pressure sensors installed on the vehicle, pulse speed and fuel flow rate sensors, thermometers and thermocouples. Power synthesizer is connected to the central microprocessor module, as well as to the navigation module and the analogue-to-digital converter, which is connected to the central microprocessor module, which is additionally connected to the navigation module. Navigation module is connected to communication module.

EFFECT: improving control efficiency.

4 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices for monitoring the technical condition and functioning of vehicles.

Currently, traffic should be considered as one of the most difficult components of the socio-economic development of states. Road safety is playing an increasingly important role, as the flow of cars in all countries is rapidly becoming denser. Today, accidents are one of the main causes of death and disability in the world.

The concept of transport management, based on the use of mechanization and automated control, has exhausted itself. An innovative development path requires the creation of new methods of operation, management and control. The modern approach to the restructuring and modernization of roads should be qualitatively new approaches, one of which is the use of intelligent transport systems (ITS). The use of ITS in many countries is dictated by the modern technical development of society, the level of technology and the requirement for the qualitative development of transport systems.

The prior art device for monitoring vehicle motion parameters (patent RU No. 2434291, publ. 20.11.2017). The device equipment located on the vehicle contains a magnetic recording apparatus, first, second and third drives of the mechanism for transporting the magnetic recording medium, universal magnetic a head that erases a magnetic head, an erase generator, a control unit, a time relay, a vehicle wheel, first and second switches, a playback unit, first and second distribution b oki, metal sensor, source of recording signals, sensors of the state of the brake system, alarm devices, headlights, driver pressure sensor, steering wheel, master oscillator, first and second phase manipulators, frequency manipulator, amplitude modulator, power amplifier, transmitting antenna, multiplier, narrowband filter, receiving antenna, GPS receiver and computer.

As disadvantages of the known invention should be recognized a narrow range of functionality of the device.

A known method for remote diagnosis of a mechanical vehicle (patent RU No. 2615806, publ. 11.04.2017), which consists in the following. For diagnosis, a subsystem of a mechanical vehicle and its operational characteristics are distinguished. Signals displaying registration data and parameters are transmitted from a mechanical vehicle to the diagnostic complex. In the diagnostic complex, the received data is identified, faults and hidden emerging defects are identified. Using the factor analysis method, the value of the integral indicator is calculated for the selected subsystem. Save the values of operational characteristics and calculated integral indicators in the respective drives. At equal intervals of time, the rate of change in the value of the integral indicator is compared with the initial rate during operation, and the conclusion about the appearance of latent emerging defects leading to a precautionary state is made when the rate of change is more than three times. They transmit signals via telecommunication means to a motor vehicle with an assessment of the technical condition of the selected subsystem and recommendations for repair.

The main disadvantage of this method is the limited control parameters.

A known system for monitoring vehicles and movement of personnel (patent RU No. 2442220, publ. 10.02.2012), including a unit for collecting and transmitting information about the object of control. The information collection and transmission unit contains a communication device connected with a bi-directional microprocessor bus with audio interface units, a receiver of the positioning system, a block for interfacing with primary information transmitters, an analog signal processing block, a pair with executive devices, a port for connecting to a personal computer, and an autonomous power supply unit. The system additionally includes a communication server, many radio modems, a server for storing and archiving data, a map server, many personal computers for inputting and outputting information, a data transmission network, and servers for corporate information systems. The unit for collecting and transmitting information about the monitoring object is connected to the communication server via a radio network, the Internet and radio modems. The communication server is connected through a data transmission network to a server for storing and archiving data, servers of corporate information systems and many personal computers. Many personal computers are connected to a map server and servers of corporate information systems. All servers and many personal computers are connected by a data network.

The disadvantages of the known system are its multicomponent and weight and size characteristics.

Also known is a device for monitoring vehicle control (patent RU No. 2664094, publ. 08/15/2017), comprising a device for processing information associated with speed sensors, longitudinal and lateral accelerations and fuel consumption, associated with him a device for displaying information with a display and a control tool. The information processing device is capable of comparing the measured values of the maximum speed, the mean square deviation of the longitudinal and lateral accelerations from the average value with the optimal values of these indicators calculated by the program and determining the deviations of these indicators from the optimal values of the control risk factors and displaying the largest of the coefficients hazard management.

This device is characterized by a disadvantage - limited opportunities in relation to improving the quality of driving a vehicle during transportation.

The closest analogue of the developed system is the intelligent transport system (ITS) and the method of its use (patent RU No. 2533645, publ. 20.11.2014). An intelligent transport system is installed in a complex on a motor vehicle, fully adapted to its electric system, using continuous automatic and manual mode, together with cellular communications, the Internet and navigation satellite systems, and they carry out video surveillance and control of the vehicle from a distance using a cellular device supporting 3-G technology. Intelligent transport system consists of the following basic, interconnected structural elements: a video surveillance system, a DVR, a touch screen, a processor board with a SIM module, a transceiver, an emergency unit, an anti-theft system module, an uninterruptible power supply, a multimedia device, a distance meter, and preventive security systems. Achieving comprehensive protection of the vehicle, driver, passengers, pedestrians and creating favorable conditions for traffic in general.

The disadvantage of this invention is the lack of autonomy of ITS.

The technical problem solved using the developed telemetry system is to increase the efficiency of monitoring the technical condition of vehicles.

The technical result consists in the fact that a telemetry system for monitoring the technical condition of vehicles has been developed, which allows minimizing the human factor in the operation of equipment and minimizing the risk to humans and vehicles during operation.

To achieve the specified technical result, it is proposed to use the developed telemetry system for monitoring the technical condition of vehicles. The developed telemetry system for monitoring the technical condition of the vehicle, comprising a power synthesizer, a navigation module, a communication module, and a central microprocessor module, characterized in that it further comprises an analog-to-digital converter, the information inputs / outputs of which are connected to the sensors installed on the vehicle, and namely, an oil pressure sensor, pulse sensors of revolutions and fuel consumption, thermometers, thermocouples, while the inputs / outputs of the power synthesizer with are dined with the outputs / inputs of the central microprocessor module, as well as the outputs / inputs of the navigation module and the outputs / inputs of the analog-to-digital converter, the inputs / outputs of which are connected to the outputs / inputs of the central microprocessor module, which is additionally connected to the inputs / outputs of the navigation module, navigation module Inputs / outputs connected to the outputs / inputs of the communication module.

A pulse voltage converter with an efficiency of at least 90% and output voltages of 3.3 and 5.0 V can be used as a power synthesizer, a GPS / GLONASS receiver as a navigation module, and a GSM / 3G modem as a communication module.

The telemetry system may further comprise a module connected to a power synthesizer and collecting data from thermocouples, processing them and transmitting information to a central microprocessor module.

In some embodiments, the telemetry system is configured to connect additional modules.

The telemetry system is designed for: (1) collecting data on the operation of the engine and vehicle (TS) as a whole using analog and digital sensors, as well as using satellite GPS / GLONASS systems; (2) transfer of all collected and accumulated information to the server to display the current state of the vehicle and the history of operation of the vehicle for the entire period of operation.

Functionally telemetry system includes the following components:

1. A power synthesizer (a power unit that converts the input voltage to the voltage necessary to power the device itself, sensors, charge the backup battery). It is a pulse voltage converter with an efficiency of at least 90% and output voltages of 3.3 and 5.0 V. The supply voltage of the backup battery is transmitted to the central controller through a separate input of an analog-to-digital converter (ADC).

2. As a navigation module (GPS / GLONASS receiver), the uBlox NEO6 module can be used. The experimentally measured consumption on the 3v3 line does not exceed 80 mA at the start.

3. Communication module (GSM / 3G modem). In the telemetry system, SIM800 (4-band GSM / GPRS), AIThinker A6 (4-band GSM / GPRS with voice call support), Huawei El550 (GSM / GPRS / 3G) modules can be used. Experimentally measured power consumption is up to 700 mA via 3v3 line in transmission mode. Using the communication module in stand-alone power mode is not recommended due to the high power consumption.

4. The central microprocessor module provides for the collection, initial processing and sending of telemetric information. The module is made in a sealed metal case with dust and moisture protection. On the external metal case there are mounts for mounting the unit on a vertical or horizontal surface. Internal elements (boards, contacts, various connections, etc.) are closed in a plastic case and rigidly fixed to a metal case, which creates additional protection against external factors, including mechanical damage to the board and contacts. The central microprocessor module consists of two main boards - the main control circuit and the data processing module for display. The measured power consumption averages about 80 mA on the 3v3 line in normal operation and less than 1 mA in standby mode during emergency power.

5. An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) collects data from thermocouples, processes and transmits data to a central unit or independently to a server (depending on settings and configuration). Inside this module, one card is rigidly fixed for connecting up to 16 thermocouples and an interface to it connections to the central module.

6. These elements interact with each other as follows. The inputs / outputs of the power synthesizer are connected to the outputs / inputs of the central microprocessor module, as well as the outputs / inputs of the navigation module and the outputs / inputs of an analog-to-digital converter, the inputs / outputs of which are connected to the outputs / inputs of the central microprocessor module, which is additionally connected to the inputs / outputs navigation module, while the navigation module inputs / outputs connected to the outputs / inputs of the communication module.

The interaction scheme between the components of the telemetric system is shown in the figure.

The telemetry system device is expandable due to modularity and has the ability to connect additional modules.

The basic description of the telemetry system and the vehicle elements interacting with it:

1) Hardware.

1.1) MicrocontrollerUnit (MCU).

The base unit of the designed device, based on the requirements defined for it, is implemented on a microcontroller manufactured by ST Microelectronics STM32F103. This controller is based on the ARM Cortex-M3 architecture, has a rich set of peripherals, sufficient hardware resources, low price, is widespread and operates in an extended temperature range.

1.2) Navigation.

As a GLONASS / GPS navigation module for maximum flexibility, a module that supports the standard NMEA exchange protocol and works via the standard UART interface is selected. Unlike implementations working with closed protocols, such an implementation acts as a “protection of investments”, reducing the cost of replacing the receiver if support for additional navigation systems (GALILEO / BEIDU) is required. The base unit as a receiver uses the widely distributed and well-proven U-Blox NEO-6 module, capable of operating in the required temperature range.

1.3) Communication.

As a GSM / GPRS communication module, a module is used that connects to the standard UART interfaces of the controller, which supports a standardized set of AT commands for control and has a built-in IP stack. Based on the requirements for reliability and power supply, for the base module, the choice was made in favor of the proven SimCom SIM800 module, widely used in built-in appliances, having a low price and a wide range of operating temperatures.

1.4) Nutrition.

The module is powered from the vehicle’s on-board network with a voltage of 12-24 V. The main LM2590, issuing 5 V with a current of up to 2 A for powering sensors, displays and indicators, and RT 8183, issuing 3V3 for powering the MCU.

1.5) Display.

The device uses an industrial display on the ST7920 controller.

1.6) Sensors.

The sensors are serviced by the MCU peripheral controllers and are connected, respectively, to the controller's input / output ports. The connection interface depends on the type of sensor.

Regular sensors have an analog output with a voltage of 0-30 V and are connected to the ADC ports of the controller through a 1:10 divider to protect the port from overloads. The voltage measured by the ADC of the controller refers to the calibration tables of the sensor as 1:10, this coefficient can either be indicated in the program code in advance or applied to the customer’s server.

The oil pressure sensor (OI001NWA), the result of which is a change in resistance, is connected via a bridge circuit to the controller's ADC port. The measurement result is correlated with the reference table as 1: 1.

Pulse sensors of engine speed (Cummins 034572) and fuel consumption (DFM 500 DK) are connected to the controller timers for hardware counting of the number of pulses in order to minimize the use of computing resources of the controller. Also, the presence of pulses on the speed sensor gives reason to believe that the engine is started, and is used to calculate engine hours.

Thermometers A thermometer integrated in the MCU is used to monitor its own temperature. Monitoring your own temperature will allow you to signal an emergency when critical values are reached and put the device into standby mode to prevent damage to the device. To control the temperature on the engine, the common 1-wire ds18b20 devices with dedicated power are used. To the MCU, the entire range of 1-wire devices is connected to the USART port using the reference connection diagram from dallassemiconductor.

High-temperature thermometers are thermocouples connected to the controller's analog ports.

1.7) Permanent memory.

To store settings and telemetry information, a permanent memory is used based on SD cards connected to the controller, the cards have a standard FAT file system, which will allow reading such cards without using special equipment.

1.8) Emergency mode.

In the event of an emergency (supercritical temperature values, loss of main power), the device goes into emergency mode.

When going into emergency mode, the following actions are performed:

- All data of the last measurements are recorded in read-only memory.

- An alarm signal is sent to the telemetry server indicating the cause of the alarm.

- All controller peripherals are turned off.

- The alarm flag is written to the controller backup memory

- A timer starts to wake up the device.

- The device goes into sleep mode.

- Upon the occurrence of a timer event, the device wakes up from sleep mode, checks if the emergency situation persists. If the situation persists, the device proceeds to step 4.

- If the emergency disappears, the device sends a signal to the telemetry server and switches to the normal operation mode.

2) Software.

The telemetry system software provides reading sensors, responding to changing operating modes, transmitting sensor readings to the customer’s server.

2.1) The operating system.

Resource management tasks are assigned to the FreeRTOS operating system. FreeRTOS is a hard real-time free operating system that supports both cooperative and preemptive multitasking and provides switching of the execution context in a predetermined time.

2.2) The basic program.

The basic program of the device is FreeRTOS tasks, divided by priority.

Processing of pulse sensors is performed in an interrupt, power control is also tied to an interrupt, the remaining sensors are interrogated by a timer.

Telemetry information is transmitted to the customer’s server either every N minutes (seconds) or every N meters, depending on the settings. Before transmission, each packet of information is recorded in the device’s permanent memory, which ensures the functionality of the “black box” and even in the case of uncertain communications, it will prevent the loss of important telemetric information.

The main parameters of the telemetry system:

a) Data collection from analogue channels - at least 8 channels.

The analog ports are ADC inputs connected through a 1:15 voltage divider, which allows you to measure the DC voltage at the ADC input in the range 0-45 V with a resolution of at least 12 bits (~ 0.01 V). The polling rate is at least 10,000 times per second.

b) Data collection from discrete channels - at least 8 channels.

A discrete channel is a port that reads values

“On” or “off”. It includes limit switches, reed switches, a variety of opening / closing sensors, shock sensors. The polling rate is at least 10,000 times per second.

c) The presence of discrete control ports - at least 8 ports.

The discrete control port allows you to apply control voltage to the connected device. It consists of an LED, relay, fan, pump. Direct load capacity is 20 mA per port. To connect a high current load, you must use power switches. Switching speed - at least 10,000 times per second.

d) Data acquisition from 1-wire sensors.

Support for standard 1-wire devices, both with phantom and dedicated power.

e) CAN bus support.

The ability to connect to the CAN network, read or write network messages in case the exchange protocol is known.

f) Support for connecting external devices via RS485 protocol.

Support for the RS485 standard allows you to connect to devices with the RS485 Interface, read the status or manage these devices if the protocol is known.

g) Support for RS232 connection.

Support for the RS232 standard allows you to connect to devices with an RS232 interface.

h) Support USB-HID.

Allows you to connect to a PC to diagnose, configure, or upgrade firmware.

i) Support for GPS / GLONASS navigation system receivers.

A standard USART interface and standard NMEA protocol are used to interface with the receiver. The circuitry of the device involves connecting an external active antenna to improve reception quality if the sensitivity of the built-in antenna is not enough.

j) Support for data transmission via GPRS channels of mobile operators.

To interface with the modem, the standard USART interface and the basic subset of the AT protocol are used, supported by all GSM modems available on the market. At the software level, the device supports sending CMC, which can be used, for example, to send emergency messages if the telemetry server is not available.

k) Support for connecting a graphic display.

Allows you to display telemetry information or messages (CMC or telemetry server) on an external display.

1) Work in an extended temperature range.

The telemetry unit is powered from the vehicle's on-board network with a voltage of 6-40 V DC. The device Provides emergency autonomous power supply, ensuring the real-time clock of the device and preserving the necessary telemetry data until external power appears. Full-featured operation from backup power is not provided.

The general algorithm of the telemetry system consists of the following steps:

1. Initialization (power on / reboot):

1.1. Reading configuration from non-volatile memory (set of connected sensors, parameters of remote servers, transmission parameters, boundary / emergency conditions of readings).

1.2. Registration on the telemetry server.

1.3. Transition to a working cycle.

2. Duty cycle:

2.1. Poll sensors - three times more often than the frequency specified in the configuration. Of the three measurements, the mean is taken for noise filtering; the default is 1 second in the configuration, which means that the poll is performed every 0.3 s.

2.2. If the data does not go beyond the boundary conditions and the transmission time has not arrived (taken from the configuration; 2 options are available: once every N seconds or once every N meters), the data is stored in the buffer for sending.

2.3. If the measured data goes beyond the boundary conditions, the data is transmitted immediately.

2.4. If an event (time or distance traveled) occurs, data is transmitted, the send buffer is cleared, data is transferred to non-volatile memory (black box).

2.5. A power failure during operation leads to the generation of a controller interrupt; the following actions are performed in the interrupt handler:

- Immediate transmission of a power failure signal to the telemetry server;

- saving the buffer of the last telemetry values to non-volatile memory;

- power off peripheral devices;

- Putting the microcontroller into sleep mode, waiting for external power.

In the work cycle, external events such as GMC reception and messages from the telemetry server are processed.

The telemetry system is designed to be installed on vehicles: cars, rail, water, etc.

Using the telemetry system will ensure complete autonomy in monitoring the technical condition of vehicles that does not require human intervention in the operation of the system. Monitoring the functioning of the telemetry system can be carried out remotely using any device (computers, smartphones). Thus, it is possible to minimize the human factor in the operation of equipment and minimize the risk to humans and vehicles during operation.

Claims (4)

1. A telemetry system for monitoring the technical condition of a vehicle, comprising a power synthesizer, a navigation module, a communication module, and a central microprocessor module, characterized in that it further comprises an analog-to-digital converter, the information inputs / outputs of which are connected to sensors installed on the vehicle, and namely, an oil pressure sensor, pulse sensors of revolutions and fuel consumption, thermometers, thermocouples, while the inputs / outputs of the power synthesizer are connected to the outputs the inputs / outputs of the central microprocessor module, as well as the outputs / inputs of the navigation module and the outputs / inputs of the analog-to-digital converter, the inputs / outputs of which are connected to the outputs / inputs of the central microprocessor module, which is additionally connected to the inputs / outputs of the navigation module, the I / O navigation module is connected to the outputs / inputs of the communication module. 2. The telemetry system according to claim 1, characterized in that a pulse voltage converter with an efficiency of at least 90% and output voltages of 3.3 and 5.0 V is used as a power synthesizer, a GPS / GLONASS receiver as a navigation module, and as a communication module - GSM / 3G modem. 3. The telemetry system according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a module connected to a power synthesizer and collecting data from thermocouples, processing them and transmitting information to a central microprocessor module. 4. The telemetry system according to claim 1, characterized in that it is configured to connect additional modules.

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