RU2716408C1 - Crushing machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: crushing or grinding of various materials.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for grinding solid, including high-strength materials and can be used for crushing hard-to-grind materials in various production and processing industries, in particular, chemical, metallurgical, construction materials industry, during processing of mineral raw materials, food industry, as well as in agriculture. In particular, the invention can be used for grinding of slag formed in a process of galvanic slime recycling by aluminothermy. Grinder comprises a housing with a cover and an unloading opening overlapped by a separating plate with through holes, a vertical feed pipe connected to the housing, a rotary working member in form of a knife from curved plates, at that on the inner surface of the cylindrical housing walls and on the rotary working member additional cutting elements from the hard alloy are fixed, bumpers on the upper housing cover, as well as receiving bin for finished product, equipped with bag filter, placed in pipe with exhaust fan and hermetically connected to said bin, on inner wall of which magnetic trap is mounted. Grinder is equipped with a control device regulating operation of the electric motor, for protection of the latter against short circuit and overheating.

EFFECT: grinder ensures higher efficiency of grinding, including during processing of materials of high strength, and quality of the obtained product due to improvement of homogeneity of its composition and removal of magnetic fraction from it.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a device for grinding solid, including especially strong, materials and can be used for crushing difficult to grind materials in various mining and processing industries, in particular, chemical, metallurgical, building materials industry, in the processing of mineral raw materials, food industry and others, as well as in agriculture.

In addition, the invention can be used for grinding slag formed in the process of disposal of galvanic sludge by the method of aluminothermy. The sinter resulting from the aluminothermic reaction contains a metal in the form of an ingot, which is suitable for use in metallurgy, and slag in the form of conglomerates (pieces) of sintered material, which have a very high strength. The main component of the slag is mainly aluminum oxide (corundum).

Thus, the slag obtained during the processing of galvanic sludge using aluminothermy can be used in industry as an abrasive material (for example, for sandblasting). The technological sequence of obtaining abrasive powder from slag waste includes grinding and classification of the obtained abrasive according to fractional composition.

Most of the known types of grinders (disk, ball, rotary, roller, hammer, etc.) are expensive, complex and large-sized devices, and highly specialized, not designed to simultaneously solve several problems. In particular, for grinding particularly hard materials, their classification, separation of the magnetic fraction from non-magnetic, it is necessary to use a whole complex of equipment, including, for example, a grinder for coarse grinding, a mill for fine grinding, a screen for classification, a magnetic separator for separating magnetic and non-magnetic fractions. There is a need for devices of this purpose, but more adapted to the conditions and capabilities of small or medium-sized production.

Known chopper containing a housing with a cylindrical grinding chamber and windows for loading and output of the product [RU 2483805, publ. 06/10/2013], in the grinding chamber of which the leading and driven elements with grinding teeth are installed, forming a gear train of internal gearing. The driving element is made in the form of a pinion shaft and is installed in two bearing units. The rotating driven element is made in the form of a hollow cylinder with windows and is equipped with internal gearing teeth formed by the side surfaces of adjacent windows. A disadvantage of the known device is the inability to grind and classify with its help materials of high strength, as well as materials for which overheating is unacceptable, since grinding of the raw material is provided only by compression and shear during the mutual rotation of the leading and driven elements.

Known chopper-classifier, which includes a rotating perforated drum mounted on the drive and supporting rollers, and placed inside the drum, the working element in the form of a shaft-grinder with removable working relief pads [RU 2531438, publ. 10/20/2014]. The material is subjected to grinding, falling into the gap between the lining of the shredder shaft and the perforated walls of the massive drum. The surfaces of interchangeable embossed linings allow you to effectively grind fragile materials, as well as viscous and plastic. However, the known device does not provide effective grinding of non-brittle materials of high strength, while the sorting of the crushed material by fractional composition is limited by the size of the holes of the perforated drum. In addition, the use of additional equipment is necessary to separate the magnetic fraction. In addition, a disproportionately large amount of electricity is consumed to bring the massive drum and the chopper shaft of the known device into rotation.

Closest to the claimed of the known devices is a material shredder [RU 2397019, publ. 08/20/2010], comprising a housing with a lid and an unloading window, covered by a deck in the form of a separating plate with through holes, a vertical supply pipe connected to the housing, a rotary working body in the form of a knife plate with curved edges, mounted radially plate chippers, and receiving hopper for the finished product, equipped with a bag filter.

In the known device, grinding occurs from the action of two cutting surfaces of a knife-plate and the impact of particles with each other and chippers, which ensures the grinding of sufficiently hard materials, such as agar chips, and which is insufficient when processing materials of high strength. The operation of the device becomes ineffective, productivity drops, the processing time of the material increases. In addition, the known device does not provide the selection of the crushed material of the magnetic fraction. In addition, the directed gas-dispersed flow generated in the device during the rotation of the knife-plate and formed using a bag filter is not powerful enough and its pressure is not enough to effectively push the crushed material through the holes of the separating plate. And besides everything else, the device does not provide for engine protection from jamming and overheating, which causes unplanned interruptions in operation, affects productivity, worsens working conditions and safety precautions.

The objective of the invention is the creation of a grinder with advanced technological capabilities, providing efficient grinding of high strength materials.

The technical result of the claimed device is to increase the grinding efficiency, including in the processing of high strength materials, to improve the quality of the crushed product by obtaining a more uniform composition and removing the magnetic fraction from it, while increasing productivity, improving safety and improving working conditions.

The specified technical result is achieved by a grinder, comprising a housing with a lid and an unloading window, blocked by a separating plate (deck) with through holes, a vertical feed pipe connected to the housing, a rotary working body, chippers from the inside of the upper housing cover, and also a receiving hopper for the finished product equipped with a bag filter, hermetically connected to the said hopper, in which, in contrast to the known, on the inner surface of the walls of the cylindrical body and on the rotor m additional working body fixed cutting members of carbide on the inner wall of the hopper mounted magnetic catcher bag filter is placed into the tube with an exhaust fan.

In an optimal embodiment of the shredder, the AC electric motor is equipped with a motor control device that performs the function of a short circuit and overheat protection system with a possible jamming of the shredder working body.

The essence of the claimed technical solution is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows a general view of the device, FIG. 2 is a general view of a magnetic catcher; FIG. 3 - segment of the separating plate.

The grinder contains a loading pipe 1 through which the material to be crushed is fed into the working space inside the cylindrical body 2 mounted on the bed 3. The diameter of the cylindrical body 2 is approximately three to four times its height. An electric motor 4 of an alternating current with a speed of at least 3000 rpm sets in motion a rotary working element 5 mounted inside the housing 2 in the working space and mounted on the motor shaft 5 — a knife, which is a plate with curved ends, made of especially durable material (for example, wear-resistant steel grades 08X13, 12X13, 25X13H2, etc.), on which additional cutting elements 6 of hard alloy are fixed. On the lid 7 of the housing 2 from the inside there are chippers 8 in the form of four rectangular plates. On the walls of the cylindrical body 2 from the inner side along the entire radius in a checkerboard pattern fixed additional cutting elements 9 of hard alloy.

An unloading window is made in the wall of the casing 2, closed by a separating plate 10 with holes in the form of truncated cones, facing smaller bases inward, through which particles of crushed material enter the pipeline 11, and then into the hopper 12 for the finished product. The hopper 12 is equipped with a magnetic catcher 13 mounted on the side wall, made in the form of a removable plastic container with neodymium magnets fixed inside.

A nozzle 14 is mounted on a removable cover of the receiving hopper 12, inside which a bag filter 15 is placed. On top of the nozzle 14, a low-power exhaust fan 16 is installed, creating a weak vacuum in the receiving hopper 12 and a directed air flow.

The electric motor 4 is equipped with a control and protection device 17, which is designed to adjust its rotation speed and protect it from possible overheating during jamming, which can occur if large pieces of material fall between the knife and the body.

The device operates as follows.

The material to be crushed, for example, aluminothermic slag, is fed into the working space inside the cylindrical body 2 mounted on the bed 3 through the loading pipe 1. The material inside is exposed to a knife 5 rotating with high speed with additional cutting elements 6, which leads to the grinding of the material and the simultaneous formation of swirling flow of a gas-powder mixture. Slag particles carried away by the swirling flow, with high speed, hit the cutting elements 9 on the wall of the cylindrical body 2 and chippers 8, which ensures intensive grinding of particles.

The resulting slag powder under the action of centrifugal force is discarded to the walls of the housing 2 and, carried away by the air flow, is discharged through the discharge window in the housing wall, closed by a separating plate 10 with holes in the form of truncated cones facing smaller bases inside the housing 2. To obtain powders of various degrees dispersion use interchangeable separating plates 10 with the required hole size. Particles of powdered slag that have reached an appropriate size pass through the holes in the separating plate 10 and are sent through a pipe 11 to the hopper 12 for the finished product. The hopper 12 is provided internally mounted on a side wall of a magnetic catcher 13.

A bag filter traps the smallest pulverulent fraction of the material to be ground.

The movement of the gas-dispersed stream, which is formed during rotation, occurs from the loading pipe 1 from top to bottom, then in the working chamber of the grinder from the center to the periphery and falls on the separating plate 10, then, in the pipe 11, from top to bottom in the hopper 12 for the finished product. The directional movement of the gas dispersed stream is intensified when the fan 16 is turned on, accelerating the separation of particles through holes in the separating plate 10.

Thus, connecting a fan increases the productivity of the grinder by reducing the residence time of the crushed particles in the workspace, and also minimizes the dustiness of the workplace, which improves working conditions.

Due to the additional cutting elements made of hard alloy, the grinding efficiency is increased, including especially strong materials. The separation of the magnetic fraction from non-magnetic also contributes to the improvement of the quality of the crushed product.

Claims (2)

1. A shredder comprising a housing with a lid and an unloading window blocked by a separating plate with through holes, a vertical feed pipe connected to the housing, a rotary working body, chippers on the upper housing cover, and also a receiving hopper for the finished product, equipped with a bag filter, hermetically connected with the said hopper, characterized in that on the inner surface of the walls of the cylindrical body and on the rotary working body are fixed additional cutting elements of hard alloy, A magnetic catcher is mounted on the inner wall of the receiving hopper, a bag filter is placed in a pipe with an exhaust fan. 2. The chopper according to claim 1, characterized in that the alternating current electric motor is equipped with a motor control device that performs the function of a short circuit and overheating protection system with a possible jamming of the working body of the chopper.

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