RU2715488C1 - Anchor for fixation of pipeline - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transportation.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to pipeline transport and can be used to secure pipelines from surfacing during operation. Anchor for fixation of pipeline includes two opening blades with ledges, movably connected in lower part by means of high-strength axis, extracted inventory rod with holes for ledges of expanding blades, as well as a rope, wherein the opening blades have a semi-cylindrical shape with upper edges in the form of sharpened oblique cuts, in the lower part they are made in the form of semi-cones equipped with reinforcing L-shaped elements and spiral plates and forming in the folded form a cylindrical head.EFFECT: increased structural reliability and bearing capacity of the anchor, provision of guaranteed opening of the anchor at the specified depth.1 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to pipeline transport and can be used to secure pipelines from ascent during operation.

In the art, screw anchor devices are known (for example, VAU-1), screwed in pairs into the soil of the trench base of a pipeline under construction or being repaired, to the right and left of the pipes, including buried heads with a spiral blade, as well as rods, the bottom part of which is rigidly attached to the buried heads and the upper one, located above the level of the bottom of the trench, to the ends of the power belt covering the pipes from above. [SP 107-34-96. Ballasting, ensuring the stability of the position of gas pipelines at design elevations. - M.: IRC Gazprom. - 1996].

The disadvantages of the above analogues are:

1) The inability to use screw anchors in disconnected loose dry or water-saturated soils due to the small area of spiral blades in contact with the soil, and, accordingly, the insufficient bearing capacity of the anchor.

2) Reducing the bearing capacity of soils above the anchor due to their loosening (structural disruption) crashing into the ground when installing the anchor with a spiral blade.

A known method of securing the pipeline at design elevations and a device for its implementation [RF Patent No. 2406002, F16L 1/06, E02D 5/80, E02D 5/54, publ. 12/10/2010, bull. No. 34], which consists in installing screw anchors in the ground, including reusable mounting rods, as well as hollow rods with hollow screw tips, the screw blades of which additionally contain retractable fasteners made in the form of single-stage multi-stage telescopic hydraulic cylinders pressed into the ground under the action of a curable fluid that is supplied under pressure into the internal cavity of the rods and screw tips.

The disadvantages of this analogue are:

1) The inability to use the device in loose, incoherent soils due to the relatively small contact area with the soil of retractable fasteners, the small dimensions of which are due to the need to place hollow screw tips in the thickenings of the blades.

2) The increase in the complexity of securing the pipeline due to the need to enter additional operations for supplying pressurized cured working medium to the cavity of the rods and hollow tips.

Known pile opener anchor AR-401, which is a rod in the form of a pipe with a pointed tip at the bottom, containing located in pairs, in two tiers, pivotally mounted on the rod, four trapezoidal blades. An anchor plunges into the ground under the action of an impact load applied to the tip located in the upper part of the rod. The disclosure of the anchor blades occurs during the reverse partial removal of anchor from the soil by the pipe layer [SP 107-34-96. Ballasting, ensuring the stability of the position of gas pipelines at design elevations. - M.: IRC Gazprom. - 1996].

The disadvantages of this analogue are:

1) Significant material consumption and weight of the structure, due to the pulsed shock method of deepening, and, as a consequence, the need to use massive steel parts (rods, blades) of increased strength.

2) Possible incomplete disclosure of all or some of the blades during reverse partial removal of the anchor, for example, due to significant compaction of the soil during the drum installation.

3) The possibility of destruction of the anchor in the presence of, for example, large stones in the soil, due to the use of a pulsed shock method of installation (indentation), which does not allow a smooth change in the parameters of the force impact and their control during the installation of the anchor.

4) The need to use flat blades to reduce the resistance of the soil to deepening the anchor, respectively, due to the shape of the blades, their insufficient strength and rigidity.

Known drop-down anchor [USSR Author's Certificate No. 890004 F16L 1/04, publ. 12/15/81, bull. No. 46], including a head with rotary blades in the form of rigid trapezoidal grooves, an umbrella mechanism for driving blades with a movable sleeve, knitting needles and struts, as well as a rod. The anchor is immersed by the shock method to a predetermined depth, after which mechanically acting on the blade drive mechanism, they cause their opening.

The disadvantages of this analogue are:

1) The complexity of the design due to the presence of elements of the drive mechanism of the blades (bushings, spokes, struts).

2) Unreliability of the structure caused by possible damage to the blade drive mechanism during impact deepening of the anchor.

3) The inability to provide a large effective area of contact between the blades and the soil due to the limited size of the drive mechanism located in the head.

A known method of installing a screw anchor with drop-down stops [USSR Author's Certificate No. 672291, E02D 5/80, E02D 5/56, publ. 07/06/1979, bull. No. 25], which consists in screwing a screw anchor into the soil with the help of a disassembled hollow rod, including screw blades, movably fixed stops on the body and flexible traction, opening the stops due to soil resistance during incomplete reverse extraction of the anchor under the influence of a pulling force applied to the flexible rod, attaching the anchor to the fixed object.

The disadvantages of this analogue are:

1) The impossibility of guaranteed fixation of the anchor at a given depth due to the risks of incomplete opening of the stops and pulling with the anchor of the soil volume above the spiral blades of the body during the reverse extraction of the anchor.

2) Insufficient reliability of the anchor due to the likelihood of destruction and deformation of the stops with asymmetric disclosure.

Closest to the claimed invention is a drop-down pipe anchor [USSR Author's Certificate No. 1569499, F16L 1/028, publ. 06/07/90, bull. No. 21], including a driven inventory rod, paired rotary blades connected at the bottom with a transverse articulated finger, as well as a flexible loop rod closed around the pipeline, covering the finger from the bottom. When installing paired blades adjacent to the walls of the inventory rod, while the rod itself with its lower end abuts against the finger connecting the blades. After reaching the specified depth, the inventory rod is removed, while the initial rotation of the blades is provided due to the interaction of the protrusions of the inventory rod with the edges of the windows made in the blades. The full disclosure of the blades is achieved due to the pulling force applied to the flexible loop rod, enveloping the finger connecting the blades from below.

The disadvantages of the prototype are:

1) Difficulty in observing the design trajectory of the deepening of the drop-down anchor when it is driven in heterogeneous soils, for example, layered sloping or with solid inclusions.

2) Low reliability, high likelihood of structural deformation when pulling the head of the drop-down anchor at the final stage of installation, due to the geometry of the rotary blades.

3) The low bearing capacity of the opening anchor, due to the presence of longitudinal windows in the blades.

4) The impossibility of fixing the anchor in a dense soil, due to insufficient force to push the blades into the soil, communicated by the protrusions of the retrieved inventory rod to the edges of the windows of the blades, respectively, the folded blades linked to the protrusions of the inventory rod, have the risk of being removed together with the retrieved rod fully or partially to a certain depth .

The objective of the invention is the creation of an anchor for securing the pipeline, eliminating the above disadvantages of analogues and prototype.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the structural reliability and bearing capacity of the anchor, ensuring guaranteed disclosure of the anchor at a given depth.

The task and the technical result in the anchor for securing the pipeline, including two expandable blades with protrusions, movably connected in the lower part using a high-strength axis, a retrievable inventory rod with holes for the protrusions of the expandable blades, as well as a cable, are solved by the fact that the expanding blades have a semi-cylindrical shape, with upper edges in the form of pointed oblique slices, in the lower part are made in the form of semi-cones equipped with reinforcing L-shaped elements and spiral plates and forming a folded cylindrical head.

The invention is illustrated in FIG. 1-8. In FIG. 1 shows a ground anchor. In FIG. 2 shows the fastening of a pipeline using a drop-down anchor. In FIG. 3 shows the blade. In FIG. 4 shows the connection of the blades. In FIG. 5 shows cable fastening. In FIG. 6 shows the anchor in the installation position. In FIG. 7 shows a preliminary opening of the blades at a small angle. In FIG. 8 shows the full disclosure of the blades.

Anchor has the following construction.

An anchor consists of a drop-out cylindrical head 2, screwed into the ground 1 (Fig. 1), equipped with spiral plates 3, attached to the inventory rod 4, dismantled after reaching a predetermined depth by the drop-out cylindrical head 2, and also a cable 5 connecting the open-ended cylindrical head 2 (Fig. .2) with a power belt 6 of the fixed pipeline 7.

The expanding cylindrical head 2 (Fig. 1) consists of two pivotally connected to each other in the lower part, having semi-cylindrical shape of the blades 8 (Fig. 3), the upper edges of which are made in the form of pointed oblique slices 9, and the lower ones - in the form of semi-cones 10, the cut plane of which is rotated relative to the cut plane of the blades 8 by 90 °. On the outside of each blade 8 there are spiral plates 3, on the inside there is a protrusion 11 and a reinforcing L-shaped element 12 (Fig. 3) with an opening 13.

The protrusion 11 (Fig. 3) is a prism in which one face from the side of the half cone 10 and the reinforcing L-shaped element 12 is made oblique, opposite to it, located on the side of the pointed oblique cut 9 of the blade 8 - a straight line with a rectangular cavity 14, the rest - straight, perpendicular to the base of the protrusion 11.

The reinforcing L-shaped element 12 (Fig. 3) completely covers the section plane of the half-cone 10 and partially the cross section of the blade 8 at the transition point of the blade 8 into the half-cone 10. The hole 13 is made in the part of the reinforcing L-shaped element 12, overlapping the plane of the section of the half-cone 10 while the axis of the hole 13 intersects at a right angle the axis of the blade 8.

To ensure the movable connection of the blades 8 (Fig. 4), a high-strength axis 15 is used, which is installed in the holes 16 made in the wall of the blades 8 along the axis of the holes 13 of the reinforcing L-shaped element 12. The rotation of the interconnected blades 8 on the high-strength axis 15 occurs along the plane half-cone section 10.

The cable 5 (Fig. 1) with paired loops 17 (Fig. 5) at the lower end is connected to the high-strength axis 15 connecting the blades 8, as well as to the power belt 6 enclosing the pipeline 7 (Fig. 1).

Deepening the anchor is performed by the rotation method, for which the folded blades 8 (Fig. 6) forming the expanding cylindrical head 2 (Fig. 1) are attached to the reusable inventory rod 4 (Fig. 6), made in the form of a thin-walled pipe. The inventory rod 4 is connected with the upper part to the rotary feed mechanism (not shown in FIG.), And the bottom, by means of rectangular holes 18 made in the side wall of the inventory rod 4, engages with the protrusions 11 that transmit the rotational force from the inventory rod 4 , to the blades 8. in the folded state. At the same time, the upper boundaries of the rectangular holes 18 enter the rectangular cavities 14 of the faces of the protrusions 11 located on the side of the oblique sections of the blades 8, thereby preventing POSSIBILITY disclosure blades 8 during burial.

The movement of the anchor in the ground (not shown in FIG.) During screwing occurs due to spiral plates 3 penetrating into the ground 1 (FIG. 1) on the lateral surfaces of the blades 8 (FIG. 6). When installing the anchor, the cable 5 is pulled through the inner cavity of the inventory rod 4.

When the anchor reaches a predetermined depth, the inventory rod 4 (Fig. 7) is removed, while the lower edge of the rectangular holes 18 of the inventory rod 4, interacting with the inclined faces of the protrusions 11 of the blades 8, ensures that the tapered oblique sections 9 of the blades 8 are pressed into the soil loosened by spiral plates 3 1 (Fig. 1), thereby achieving a preliminary opening of the blades 8 (Fig. 7) at a small angle.

The full opening of the blades 8 (Fig. 8) is achieved by transmitting to the cable 5 a tensile force 19 controlled by a dynamometer (not shown in Fig.). In this case, the blades 8 are opened by cutting into the ground 1 (Fig. 1) of pointed oblique sections 9 , and at the initial stage of disclosure, also due to the turning moment 20 formed when the soil 1 (Fig. 1) acts in the direction 21 (Fig. 8) on the upper surface of the spiral plates 3.

The maximum opening angle of the blades 8 (Fig. 4) is achieved with the emphasis of the half cones 10 in part of the reinforcing L-shaped elements 12, partially overlapping the cross section of the blade 8 at the transition to the half cone 10.

Example

An anchor must be installed to secure the pipeline from ascent.

On the route of the pipeline under construction 7 (Fig. 2), sets of disassembled anchors are delivered, containing two blades 8 (Fig. 4), a high-strength axis 15 with fasteners (not shown in Fig.), A cable 5 (Fig. 5) with paired hinges 17 at the lower end.

An installation rotary feed mechanism (not shown in FIG.) With a fixed inventory rod 4 (FIG. 6) is placed at the place of installation of the anchor, while the height of the lower end of the vertically oriented inventory rod 4 is determined by the condition that the height of the rectangular holes 18 matches the level of the soil surface 1 (Fig. 1) the distance between the end of the floor of the cone 10 (Fig. 6) and the protrusion 11 of the blade 8.

A cable 5 is drawn (Fig. 6) through the cavity of the inventory rod 4, laid under the inventory rod 4 and combined in the open position of the blade 8 (Fig. 4) along the section plane of the half-cones 10, a high-strength axis 15 is installed in the holes 13 and 16, using paired loops 17 (Fig. 5) attach the cable 5 to the high-strength axis 15, while for uniform application of the tensile force 19 (Fig. 8) to the high-strength axis 15, the paired loops 17 (Fig. 5) of the cable 5 are arranged symmetrically relative to the cut planes of the semiconics 10 combined open blades 8.

Fold the blades 8 (Fig. 6) so that the protrusions 11 enter the rectangular holes 18. While holding the blades 8 from opening, lower the inventory rod 4 by an amount sufficient for the upper edges of the rectangular holes 18 to enter the troughs 14 of the protrusions 11. Screw the folded blades 8 (Fig. 6) into the ground 1 (Fig. 1) to a predetermined depth, the inventory rod 4 is removed (Fig. 7), while the rectangular holes 18, acting on the oblique edges of the protrusions 11, press the pointed oblique sections 9 of the blades 8 in loosened spiral Lastin 3 (FIG. 1) primer 1.

The blades 8 are fully opened (Fig. 8), for which a tensile force 19 is applied to the cable 5. Moreover, at the initial moment, the rotational moment 20 formed due to the action of soil 1 (Fig. 1) on the mutual rotation of the blades 8 also contributes to the upper plane of the spiral plates 3. Next, the blades 8 (Fig. 8) cut into the ground 1 (Fig. 1), opening to the maximum possible position and thereby preventing further extraction of the anchor.

An increase in structural reliability is achieved through the use of expanding blades of increased rigidity and strength, ensured by the semi-cylindrical shape of the blades, as well as the use of L-shaped reinforcing elements that additionally increase the stiffness and strength of the expanding blades. Semi-cylindrical blades have a smaller amount of deformation under load than flat blades, provided that the geometric dimensions (length, width) are equal and the load value is identical.

The increase in bearing capacity is due to:

- the possibility of using expanding blades of large geometric dimensions, having a larger contact area with the soil, without the threat of deformation during installation and operation, due to the use of semi-cylindrical blades with increased strength and rigidity;

- reliable fixation of the blades in the open position, achieved by using reinforcing L-shaped elements, excluding the opening of the blades at off-design angles at which deformation of the anchor structure is observed.

Guaranteed disclosure of the anchor at a given depth is achieved by performing the upper edges of the blades that cut when opening the anchor into the ground, in the form of pointed oblique sections, which reduce the resistance of the soil compared to the flat straight edges of the prototype blades.

Claims (1)

Anchor for securing the pipeline, including two expandable vanes with protrusions, movably connected in the lower part using a high-strength axis, a retrievable inventory rod with holes for protrusions of the expandable vanes, as well as a cable, characterized in that the expandable vanes are semi-cylindrical with upper edges in the form pointed oblique sections, in the lower part are made in the form of semi-cones equipped with reinforcing L-shaped elements and spiral plates and forming a folded cylindrical s headroom.

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