RU2714708C1 - Method for outdoor breeding of broiler chickens - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: cattle breeding.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to poultry breeding, namely to a method for outdoor breeding of broiler chickens on a mat. Method includes application of intermittent lighting mode, which is supplemented with UV-radiation of air. UV radiation source is a screened ultraviolet emitter with power of 300 W with an amalgam low-pressure lamp with power of the bactericidal flow with wavelength of 253.7 nm - 87–90 W, applied by indirect irradiation method, in which direct UV radiation flow is directed to upper part of room. Irradiator operates in the presence of broiler chickens in a mode: from daily on 7^th day of life of chickens - 1 hour 6 times a day; from 8^th to 28^th day - 10 minutes 12 times a day; from 29^th day to slaughter - 15 minutes 12 times a day.

EFFECT: method makes it possible to reduce microbial population of air in a poultry house and to increase productive indicators of a bird.

1 cl, 6 tbl

Description

The invention relates to poultry, and in particular to an outdoor method of growing broiler chickens on a bed using ultraviolet irradiators in the presence of a bird in order to increase its productivity and reduce microbial contamination of air in the house.

A known method of ultraviolet irradiation of hens of the breed Adler silver mercury-quartz lamps of the DRT-375 type with a lamp height of 1.2 m from the floor, the radiation dose of 95-190 mer.h / m ^{2 with an} exposure of 10 minutes (Gezalov YG Ultraviolet irradiation as a factor of air disinfection in poultry facilities. Zootechny, 2012, No. 10, S. 27-28). The disadvantages of this method of air disinfection in the presence of poultry is that the power of the ultraviolet flux (240-320 nm) of the DRT lamp is 39 W, of which only 11% is due to the bactericidal radiation spectrum (253.7 nm), therefore, in order to reduce the microbial airborne contamination with the outdoor method of growing broiler chickens, they are not effective enough. It should also be borne in mind that UV lamps of this type during operation generate most of the radiation in the visible spectrum, so when they are turned on in the room, the overall illumination increases. This factor significantly affects the productivity of poultry, especially with the outdoor way of keeping, since increased illumination after 21 days of life has a depressing effect on broiler chickens, inhibiting their growth and development (Yaskova E.V. Efficiency of modern technologies for growing broiler chickens. Biology in Agriculture, 2015, No. 2, S. 47-58). In addition, DRT lamps produce ozone, which according to toxic properties belongs to the first hazard class and requires extremely careful handling (Sisin E.I. We compare air disinfection technologies in medical organizations. Sanitary and Epidemiological Control. Labor Protection. - 2016. - No. 2. - S. 75-83).

As a prototype, a method of outdoor rearing of birds up to 120 days of age was developed, developed at the Petelinsky Poultry Factory in the Moscow Region, in which IKUF-3 installation consisting of a bactericidal lamp DB-30 and an erythema lamp LE-30 was used to reduce microbial airborne contamination in the presence of a bird and infrared lamps IKZK 220-250. The UV bactericidal lamp worked for 7.5 hours per day, and the author specified that the regime with fractional activation of bactericidal lamps for 30-60 minutes was the most effective. According to the results of experiments, it was found that with this method of growing, the weight gain of chickens increases by 1-1.7%, the safety by 2.3%, and the microbial contamination of the air decreases by 55-72%. (Prokopenko A.A. Application of the IKUF-3 installation in rooms for raising chickens. Veterinary Medicine, 1997, No. 2, S. 27-31). The disadvantage of this method is the use of DB-30 lamps in the design of the installation, the bactericidal flux of which from ultraviolet radiation is only 10 watts. When broiler chickens are grown outdoors, a large amount of suspended dust is found on the litter in the air of the house, therefore, for the inactivation of aerogenic microorganisms by such lamps, a long period of UV radiation is necessary, which has a negative impact on the productivity of broiler chickens, as UV radiation enhances the processes of lipid peroxidation in the body of the bird (Konovalov VV Justification of the effective timing and doses of ultraviolet radiation of the bird. Veterinary Medicine, 1984, No. 11, pp. 23-25), bringing the antioxidant defense system into tension. Long-term UV radiation provokes “oxidative stress” in the body, which initiates the development of many diseases and pathological conditions (Simonova N.V. Influence of different doses of ultraviolet radiation on the intensity of lipid peroxidation of biomembranes in calves. Vestnik KrasGau, 2010, No. 5, P. 90-94; Yurtaeva E.Yu. Oxidative stress under ultraviolet irradiation and its correction. Bulletin, 2016, No. 59, P. 64-68).

Currently, ozone-free low-pressure amalgam lamps are widely used, in which mercury is in a “bound” state. Compared to the mercury vapor lamps DRT and DB, which were previously used in poultry farming, they are more environmentally friendly and safe. The output of UV radiation with a wavelength of 253.7 nm in amalgam lamps is over 35% of the consumed electrical energy. The service life of these lamps is at least 12,000 hours [Sisin E.I. We compare air disinfection technologies in medical organizations. Sanitary and Epidemiological Control. Labor Protection, 2016, No. 2, pp. 75-83]. Amalgam lamps are used in medical institutions, pharmaceutical and food industries, and public transport.

The basis of the present invention is the development of intermittent UV irradiation to reduce microbial contamination of the air of the house, which allows to reduce the operating time of UV equipment in the presence of poultry during outdoor rearing of broiler chickens without loss of air disinfection efficiency, using 300 W shielded ultraviolet irradiators with amalgam low-pressure ozone-free lamp with a bactericidal flux power with a wavelength of 253.7 nm - 87-90 W and to increase the productive qualities of birds .

Concrete example

The work was carried out at the Federal Scientific Center “VNITIP” RAS in the department of poultry products production technology and in the vivarium of the Zagorsk EPH Scientific Production Center. For research, two groups of analog chickens were formed, 200 goals in each group. Each group was grown in separate similar boxes on a bed of sawdust. The conditions of feeding and feeding were the same except for the studied factor and corresponded to the requirements of VNITIP (Methodology for conducting research on the technology for the production of eggs and poultry BC Lukashenko, A.Sh. Kavtarashvili, I.P. Saleeva, V.P. Lysenko, etc. Sergiev Posad , 2015 .; Guidelines for feeding poultry of VNITIP, under the general editorship of V.I. Fisinin and I.A. Egorov, 2015).

When growing chickens in the control and experimental boxes, an intermittent lighting mode was used, which is used for outdoor growing broiler chickens (table 1) (Buyarov BC Effect of lighting modes on the growth and development of broiler chickens. Biology in Agriculture, 2015, No. 1, С . 18-23; Mailyan ES The role of light in broiler poultry farming. RatVetInform, 2008, No. 10, S. 9-13). Lighting in the boxes was provided by LED lamps.

In the experimental box, the lighting mode was supplemented by UV radiation. The source of UV radiation was a shielded ultraviolet irradiator with a power of 300 W, with an amalgam ozone-free low-pressure lamp with a bactericidal flux power (at a wavelength of 253.7 nm) - 87-90 watts. The UV irradiator was suspended in the center of the experimental box, at a height of 2 m from the floor. Bactericidal treatment of air was carried out by indirect irradiation, in which a direct flow of UV radiation is directed to the upper part of the room. The ceiling in the experimental box was sheathed with a galvanized corrugated sheet, which contributed to the scattering and reflection of UV radiation in the lower part of the room. With this method of irradiation, the intensity of the bactericidal flow at the floor level is significantly reduced, which eliminates the possibility of burns on the surface of the skin and cornea of the bird’s eyes. With this method of using UV irradiators, the average irradiation in the room at the age of 24 chickens in the UV-C range was 200-300 mW / m ² , and at the bird level 7-11 mW / m ² depending on the distance from the UV irradiator. Aerogenic microorganisms were exposed to various doses of UV radiation, reaching either the upper or the lower part of the room, since the air in the house is in constant motion due to the operation of heat generators, accelerating fans, and a ventilation system.

UV irradiation of the air was carried out in the mode indicated in table 2. From the daily to the 7th day of life of chickens, the UV lamp worked for 1 hour 6 times a day, from 8th to 28th day for 10 minutes 12 times a day , from the 29th day to slaughter due to an increase in dustiness of the air and a related decrease in the power of the UV lamp by 30%, its operating time was increased to 15 minutes 12 times a day in the presence of broiler chickens. In total, during the growing period, from the daily to the 36th day, inclusive, the UV lamp burned for 114 hours. During operation of the UV lamp, the illumination intensity increased by 6-12 lux.

The results of studies to determine the total microbial number in the air of the control and experimental boxes are presented in table 3.

Note. The statistical significance of the data differences is significant: ^* - at p≤0.05; ^** - at p≤0.01; ^*** - at p≤0.001.

As can be seen from the table, UV irradiation of air in the presence of a bird with a shielded ultraviolet irradiator with a power of 300 W, with an amalgam ozone-free low-pressure lamp with a bactericidal flux power (at a wavelength of 253.7 nm) - 87-90 W, according to the new regime reduces the total microbial contamination air by 47.5-76.4%. The disinfection efficiency was more clearly visible when determining the concentration of Escherichia coli in the air of the control and experimental boxes, the results are presented in table 4.

Note. The statistical significance of the data differences is significant: ^** - at p≤0.01; ^*** - at p≤0.001

Productive indicators of broiler chickens are shown in table 5. The live weight of chickens in the experimental group significantly exceeded this indicator in the control (at p≤0.001) by 7%, feed costs per 1 kg of live weight gain in the experimental group were lower by 2.4% , and the safety is higher by 1%. The European efficiency index in the experimental group was ahead of control by 33 units.

Note. The statistical significance of the data differences is significant ^** - at p≤0.01; ^*** - at p≤0.001.

Table 6 shows the calculation of the economic efficiency and payback period of UV equipment in terms of a typical poultry house with a size of 18 × 96 m and a capacity of 26,000 goals.

From the data in table 6 it follows that the use of shielded ultraviolet irradiators with a power of 300 W with an amalgam ozone-free low-pressure lamp with a bactericidal flux power (at a wavelength of 253.7 nm) is 87-90 W to reduce the microbial contamination of air in the house in the presence of a bird in the proposed mode, increases the efficiency of growing broiler chickens on the litter. Efficiency per initial head was 5.94 rubles. Efficiency for one growing cycle amounted to 154.5 thousand rubles, taking into account this, the cost of UV equipment will pay off for 3.2 growing cycles of broiler chickens.

Claims (1)

A method of floor growing broiler chickens using an intermittent lighting mode, characterized in that the lighting mode is supplemented by UV irradiation of the air, the UV radiation source being a 300 W shielded ultraviolet irradiator with an amalgam low-pressure non-ozone lamp with a bactericidal flux of 253 wavelength , 7 nm - 87-90 W, used by the method of indirect exposure, in which a direct flux of UV radiation is directed to the upper part of the room, operating in the mode: from daily to the 7th day life of chickens - 1 hour 6 times a day; from the 8th to the 28th day - 10 minutes 12 times a day; from the 29th day to slaughter - 15 minutes 12 times a day, in the presence of broiler chickens.