RU2796899C1 - Device for irradiation of farm animals in the premises for their maintenance - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medical equipment in animal husbandry.

SUBSTANCE: irradiation unit in the animal stall has a housing that includes two infrared and three ultraviolet lamps: two erythemal and one bactericidal, and the radiation flux of IR and erythema lamps is directed to the area of wooden flooring on the concrete floor under the cow's udder, and the radiation of the bactericidal lamp with the help of a guide cap — to the manure conveyor. In order to exclude the effect of photoreactivation, all radiation sources operate separately in time by means of a time relay, and for reliability and electrical safety, the device is mounted in a window opening or on the wall of the room behind the cow.

EFFECT: device provides comfortable keeping of stall farm animals due to IR radiation.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The present device relates to the field of animal husbandry, in particular, to equipment for two-row stall keeping of animals and can be used for four-row stall keeping of cows (Fig. 1).

The irradiation unit in the animal stall has a housing that includes two infrared and three ultraviolet lamps: two erythemal and one bactericidal, and the radiation flux of IR and erythema lamps is directed to the area of wooden flooring on the concrete floor under the cow's udder, and the radiation of the bactericidal lamp with the help of a guide cap - on the manure protractor, while in order to exclude the effect of photoreactivation (attenuation by longer-wavelength radiation by shorter-wavelength radiation), all radiation sources operate separately in time by means of a time relay, and for reliability and electrical safety, the device is mounted in a window opening or on the wall of the room behind the cow, excluding the presence of wires in the stall area. In the case of a four-row stall keeping of cows, the devices in the central rows are mounted on racks located along the axis of the barn. The location of the irradiators provides drying and floor heating with IR radiation, as well as UV-A and UV-B irradiation of the cow's udder, while the IKUF source is turned on daily at 24, 3, 6, 13, 18 and 20 hours, and the erythema source - at 4, 7 , 14, 19, 21 and 23 hours in exposures of 30 minutes. General lighting is used at an illumination level of E = 150 lux, provided with natural radiation EO coming from tape windows, with the addition of artificial lighting by discharge lamps of the HP type DNaT-40, the design of which includes:

1 - base, 2 - holder, 3 - burner base, 4 - burner, 5 - main electrode, 6 - outer bulb, [Fig. 2a]. Lighting of feeders when feeding cows is carried out with filament LED lamps that replace inefficient LN. Filament LED lamps in their design use: 7 - LED filament, 8 - glass flask with gas, 9 - glass leg and base with a driver inside (Fig. 2b).

This device ensures comfortable keeping of stall farm animals due to IR radiation, otherwise the concrete floor remains cold, the animal freezes and gets wet, often gets up, tired, lies down again - and so throughout the night, which negatively affects its health, resistance and, accordingly, milk productivity.

A known machine for infrared (IR) ultraviolet (UV) irradiation of piglets with local air ionization, containing racks, a floor suspended by means of spring-loaded supports to the upper ends of the racks, one of which has a stop, which is equipped with IR, UV irradiators, local air ionizers and electronic a relay for controlling the operating modes of the irradiators of air ionizers, and the stop is installed with the possibility of turning on the said electronic relay (Patent RU No. 2155477, A01K 1/02 22.06.1998). Such a device has the following disadvantages:

- creates a safety violation in the service area due to high voltage in the premises of increased danger, which are pigsties and cowsheds;

- insulation of the substrate is achieved by complicating and increasing the cost of the installation design;

- air ionizers, purifying the air, do not contribute to its disinfection;

- IR radiation reduces the effectiveness of the UV emitter when they are combined due to the heating of the latter and the effect of photoreactivation.

A device for irradiating farm animals is known, containing a block for the formation of optical radiation as part of IR and UV erythema emitters, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with an air disinfection unit as part of a bactericidal emitter and an air blower, the executive body of which, as part of an air duct and a fan, is designed as follows: that the direction of the air flow in the zone where farm animals are located coincides with the direction of propagation of radiation from the erythema emitter, and the radiation from the bactericidal emitter is oriented upwards and is introduced into the air flow outside the zone of radiation propagation from the optical radiation formation unit [Patent RU No. 36934, AO01K 1/00, 04.12.2003].

This device has a number of disadvantages caused by the fact that:

- a significant proportion of the UV radiation flux of bactericidal lamps is reflected from the inner surface of the body in the direction of animals and personnel, and this is dangerous for their health, especially for the eyes, in addition, bactericidal radiation is prohibited in rooms in the presence of biological objects;

- IR radiation leads to overheating of bactericidal and low-pressure erythema lamps, and, consequently, to a decrease in their effective fluxes.

- the design of the installation is laborious and metal-intensive, there is no timer for separate switching on of emitters;

- the combined effect of IR, UV-B and UV-C radiation is weakened by the effect of photoreactivation;

- Irradiation is directed at the head and back of the animal, while the udder and belly remain cold, especially when placed on a concrete floor.

Known irradiator for animals, containing lighting fittings installed in it source of infrared radiation, the source of UV radiation is made in the form of a ring in the inner cavity of which is installed a circularly symmetrical source of UV radiation, equipped with a cap with channels in the shape of a crescent and made with the ability to move along the vertical axis due to bimetallic plates, which are located above each channel and are fixed with one end motionless to the body, and with the other to the outer surface of the cap, while the body of the irradiator is made in the form of a hemisphere with a round base, and the channels are located in the upper part of the cap along the axes opposite each other [ Patent RU No. 2261593, A01K 31/20, 12.05.2004].

The disadvantages of this device include:

- overheating of the UV lamp due to co-location with the IR lamp in the same reflector and the effect of photoreactivation lead to a decrease in the efficiency of UV radiation;

- a non-standard shape of the UV emitter, which can only be manufactured on special order using special equipment, which increases the cost of its manufacture and, as a result, the price of the entire device,

- the irradiation of the animal is carried out from the side of the back, and not from the udder.

There is a known method of IR UV irradiation of young pigs, including irradiation with IKUF sources, light and additional irradiation with a mercury-quartz lamp DRT-400, and the mode of exposure to sources of radiant energy IKUF and DRT-400 are separated in time by means of a time relay, while irradiation with an IKUV light source is carried out daily at 2400, 300, 600, 1399, 1800 and 2000 hours in exposures up to 30 minutes, and exposure to light of a mercury-quartz lamp DRT-400 - at 100, 400, 700, 1400, 1900 and 2100 hours in exposures of 30 minutes ( Patent RU No. 2319524, A61N 5/08, 07/10/2006).

The disadvantage of this design is that:

- bactericidal lamp BUF-15 and DRT-400 are used as sources of UV radiation, which in total emit a significant flow of bactericidal UV radiation towards animals and personnel, which is unacceptable without special means of protecting the skin, body and eyes;

- joint placement of IR and UV emitters in one reflector reduces the efficiency of the UV emitter due to its overheating, as well as the effect of photoreactivation.

A device for irradiating farm animals and decontaminating the air in the premises of their maintenance is known, containing a housing, sources of UV and IR radiation, lighting fittings, characterized in that the housing is made in the form of a hanging chandelier, the basis of which is an air recirculator with an ozone-forming bactericidal lamp located inside, with At the same time, at least four IR emitters in reflective shades made of a material opaque for lateral IR radiation, and two erythemal irradiators, in which the direction of the UV radiation flux coincides with the direction of the IR radiation flux, are installed on the recirculator body in two mutually perpendicular planes.

The disadvantages include:

- irradiation from above affects the head and back of the animal, while the most sensitive parts of the body - the udder and abdomen, are not irradiated;

- UV irradiation is attenuated by infrared due to the effect of photoreactivation;

- ozone-forming lamps are not the best option, because ozone, being a strong oxidizing agent, is unacceptable indoors when biological objects are found;

- complex design and increased metal consumption.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed device, which can be chosen as a prototype, is a device for irradiating farm animals [Patent RU No. Patent RU No. 2319524, A61 N5/08, 10.07. 2006.

This task is achieved by the fact that in the device for irradiating farm animals and destroying pathogenic microorganisms in the stalls, on the panel, for example, in the form of an aluminum circle B9511, a standard two-lamp irradiator of the LPO 2 * 36 type is attached, in which the fluorescent lamps are replaced by erythemal LE - 40, or LDTsUD, from both ends of the irradiator there are lamps of the type IKZK 215-225-150 in reflective shades, while the fluxes of UV-B and IR radiation are directed to the area of the wooden flooring under the cow's udder, creating the possibility of drying and heating it, as well as erythemal irradiation udder. A single-lamp irradiator of the OBN-150 type with a bactericidal lamp of the LB-30-1 type is located in the lower part of the installation and is intended for manure disinfection on a protractor, the direction of the UV-C flow is provided by a visor attached to the body of the single-lamp irradiator. To avoid mutual influence of sources of radiant energy, the modes of their influence on the animal are separated in time by means of a time relay 2 RWM, which operates on each channel according to a schedule at a mains voltage of 220 V. At the same time, all feeders are illuminated by LED filament lamps that replaced incandescent lamps. The technical result provided by the above combination of features is the achievement of a controlled effective flow of infrared, erythema and bactericidal emitters, which improves the comfortable keeping of animals, affects their productivity while saving electricity, simplifying the design of the irradiation installation, reducing the complexity of its manufacture and at the same time ensuring safety for personnel.

The proposed device in one stall of a four-row cowshed consists of a panel on which a two-lamp serial lamp for fluorescent lamps is mounted, into which two erythemal lamps of the LE type, or LDTsUD, are inserted, and at the ends are located along the 1st lamp of the type IKZK 215-225-150 V reflectors made of a material opaque for the side rays of the radiation flux distribution curve (CSI), while the flows of both irradiators are directed to the area of the wooden flooring under the udder of the cow, and the radiation flux of the bactericidal irradiator of the OBN-150 type located at the bottom of the panel with a DB-30 lamp 1, with the help of a special visor, is directed to a manure linear protractor (Fig. 3). The time relay, in order to avoid the mutual influence of radiation fluxes, as well as the technological modes of animals and personnel, separates their actions in time.

The operation of the proposed device provides a comfortable keeping of animals in stalls, increases resistance, reduces the impact of pathogenic microorganisms, providing quantitative and qualitative indicators of milk and meat productivity. The considered model is effective when used in large farms of the meat and dairy industry. With a large length of the room, it is advisable to place the UV irradiator on a self-propelled unit, for example, designed by P.A. Osetrov.

Claims (1)

A device for lighting and irradiating farm animals in stalls and disinfecting manure, containing a housing, ultraviolet erythema, infrared and bactericidal lamps, as well as lighting fittings, characterized in that the housing is made in the form of a panel, made with the possibility of fixing it on a wall or installing it in window opening and on which two ultraviolet erythema and two infrared lamps are fixed, made with the possibility of directing radiation to a wooden flooring under the udder of a cow, as well as a bactericidal lamp installed in the lower part of the panel, equipped with a guide cap for irradiating manure runoff, while all lamps are made with the ability to work separately by means of a time relay that separates their action in time.

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