RU2711882C1 - Textile fabric for structural material - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: textile industry.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to textile industry, in particular to the field of creation of textile fabrics with specified technical characteristics, used as fillers of composite materials for high-technology industries (wind power engineering, shipbuilding, aviation, automotive industry, etc.). Textile fabric includes four layers of continuous parallelized threads laid with possibility of maintaining their initial physical and mechanical properties. Threads of outer layers of linear density of 1,200 tex are laid at angles of 0° and 90° in relation to longitudinal axis with density of 6–8 threads/inch, and threads of inner layers of linear density of 300 tex are laid at angles of +45° and -45° in relation to longitudinal axis with density of 10–13 threads/inch. Two inner layers are interconnected by piercings from synthetic threads, and all four layers are additionally stitched with same threads.EFFECT: increased specific breaking load of threads, reduced value of deflection of composite material and increased value of destructive stress at interlayer shift of composite material, in which textile fabric is used as reinforcing filler.3 cl, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the textile industry, in particular, to the field of creating textile fabrics with predetermined technical characteristics used as fillers of composite materials for high-tech industries (wind energy, shipbuilding, aviation, automotive, etc.).

Composite materials are based on technical textile materials that act as a reinforcing filler and consist of several layers of threads (rovings) with special differing properties and orientation in different directions.

The analogue of the patent RU 2542294, published on 02.20.2015, in which fiberglass reinforcing layers are successively laid on both sides of the core with bonding the layers impregnated with a binder, is known.

As layers of the reinforcing material of the shell used fiberglass with different angular orientation of the fibers with respect to the longitudinal axis of the core. The inner central layer is fiberglass, the fibers of which are laid at angles of 0 ° and 90 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the core, and the remaining layers are external with respect to the central layer, of fiberglass, the fibers of which are laid at angles of + 45 ° and -45 ° relative to the longitudinal axis of the core. A nanomodified epoxy compound was used as an impregnating binder.

The disadvantage of the analogue is the loss of strength of the threads in the process of producing fabric for all transitions of weaving. To ensure the required strength of the filler, an increase in its thickness is required, which leads to an increase in mass and an increase in the cost of textile reinforcing filler and the product as a whole.

The closest analogue of the invention is a textile web used in a method for manufacturing a wind wheel blade, in which layer-by-layer laying of fiberglass, impregnating with a binder, machining is performed. As fiberglass fabrics are used, in particular, fiberglass T10 and T14 (patent RU 2205130, published on 05.27.2003).

The disadvantage of the closest analogue is the decrease in the strength of the threads in the process of producing fabric for all transitions of weaving, as well as the difficulty of laying fiberglass with increased rigidity in the manufacture of products of complex configuration, which leads to a large time cost.

The technical problem of the proposed invention is the preservation of the strength properties of the threads, increasing the strength characteristics of the textile fabric and composite material, in which the fabric is used as a reinforcing filler.

This problem is solved in that the textile fabric for the structural material includes four layers of continuous parallelized yarns laid with the ability to preserve their original physical and mechanical properties, while the yarns of the outer layers of linear density 1200 tex are laid at angles of 0 ° and 90 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis with a density of 6-8 threads / inch, and the threads of the inner layers of linear density 300 tex are laid at angles of + 45 ° and -45 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis with a density of 10-13 threads / inch, with two inner layers bonded They are interconnected by firmware from synthetic threads, and all four layers are additionally stitched with the same threads.

Preferably, if the synthetic threads for firmware are made of polyester (polyethylene terephthalate), and glass, basalt, or a combination thereof is used as the threads.

The piercing threads can also be made of polyamide, polypropylene, copolyamide, copolyester and other suitable material.

The invention obtained the following technical results: an increase in the specific breaking load of the threads, a decrease in the deflection of the composite material and an increase in the breaking stress during the interlayer shear of the composite material, in which the textile fabric was used as a reinforcing filler.

In the claimed textile fabric, the yarns are laid with the possibility of preserving their original physical and mechanical properties. The initial physical and mechanical properties of a thread are the properties of each individual thread until a textile fabric is formed from it.

The preservation of these properties is due to the fact that bending, twisting, pulling stresses and friction of the threads between themselves are excluded in the process of web formation. The threads are not intertwined and are not fastened together. In the manufacture of fiberglass, the yarn is subjected to all these influences, which leads to a decrease in their strength properties.

The preservation of the strength of the threads is a consequence of the fact that during the formation of the claimed textile fabric, the main covalent bonds along the macromolecules, the ordering of the macromolecules, intermolecular and fibrillar bonds are retained.

It was established experimentally that the laying of threads with the ability to preserve their original physical and mechanical properties in combination with the fact that the threads of the outer layers of linear density 1200 tex are laid at angles of 0 ° and 90 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis with a density of 6-8 threads / inch , and the threads of the inner layers of linear density 300 tex are laid at angles of + 45 ° and -45 ° relative to the longitudinal axis with a density of 10-13 threads / inch, while the two inner layers are bonded to each other by firmware of synthetic threads, and all four layers optional ity with the same threads, can significantly improve the physical and mechanical properties of the claimed textile fabric in comparison with the fabric of fiberglass T-10, used as fillers of composite materials.

The unexpected technical results obtained are confirmed by specific examples of the claimed invention.

Example 1

The proposed four-layer textile fabric based on glass fibers. The two outer layers are made of yarns of linear density 1200 tex. The upper and lower layers are laid in the canvas at angles of 0 ° and 90 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis with a density of 6 threads / inch. The threads of the two inner layers have a linear density of 300 tex. The inner second and third layers are laid at angles of + 45 ° and -45 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis with a density of 10 threads / inch. The layers are bonded together by firmware according to the claimed scheme.

Example 2

The proposed four-layer textile fabric based on basalt threads is made as in example 1, but the yarns of the outer layers of linear density 1200 tex are laid at angles of 0 ° and 90 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis with a density of 6 yarns / inch, and the threads of the inner layers of linear density 300 tex stacked at angles of + 45 ° and -45 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis with a density of 13 threads / inch.

Example 3

The proposed four-layer textile fabric based on glass and basalt yarns. The upper and lower outer layers are made of glass fibers of linear density 1200 tex. Layers are laid at angles of 0 ° and 90 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis with a density of 8 threads / inch. The inner second and third layers are made of basalt yarns with a linear density of 300 tex, laid at angles of + 45 ° and -45 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis with a density of 10 threads / inch. The layers are bonded together by firmware according to the claimed scheme.

Example 4

The proposed four-layer textile fabric based on glass fibers is made as in example 1, but the yarns of the outer layers of linear density 1200 tex are laid at angles of 0 ° and 90 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis with a density of 8 yarns / inch, and the threads of the inner layers of linear density 300 tex stacked at angles of + 45 ° and -45 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis with a density of 13 threads / inch.

In all examples, epoxy resin was used to form the composite material, and polyester threads were used as synthetic threads for firmware.

In composite materials based on standard T-10 fiberglass and the claimed textile fabric, the following values were determined: the amount of deflection and the breaking stress during interlayer shear. The specific breaking load of the threads in the claimed fabric and in the fabric of T-10 fiberglass was also determined. The data are given in the table.

All technological operations of production are carried out on known equipment.

The manufacturing technology of textile material includes the following operations: dressing creel threads with threads; layer stacking; high-strength stitching of layers with needle elements; knurling the web in rolls.

Using the proposed textile fabric as a reinforcing filler in composite materials will allow to obtain structural materials based on them with high strength properties.

Claims (3)

1. Textile fabric for structural material, comprising layers of continuous parallelized yarns, characterized in that the fabric contains four layers of yarns laid with the ability to maintain their original physical and mechanical properties, while the yarns of the outer layers of linear density 1200 tex are laid at 0 ° and 90 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis with a density of 6-8 threads / inch, and the threads of the inner layers of linear density 300 tex are laid at angles of + 45 ° and -45 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis with a density of 10-13 threads / inch, this two in the inner layers are fastened together by firmware of synthetic threads, and all four layers are additionally stitched with the same threads. 2. The textile fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that the synthetic threads for firmware are made of polyester. 3. The textile fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that glass, basalt, or a combination thereof is used as threads.