RU2705611C1 - Method of stopping fire in steppe fires and preventing peat fires - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire safety.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to methods for prevention of fire or fire containment and can be used in arid regions to stop steppe fires on approaches to populated areas and other objects, as well as for peat fires prevention. Proposed method comprises creation of fire strips around settlements boundaries, use of moisture in the ground to stop fire, according to the invention, heat pipes with a coolant inside them are buried in the ground around settlements at the depth of seasonal soil warming of 1.5–2 m and with pitch of 3–6 m depending on the climatic zone, wherein upper parts of heat pipes with condensation zone are located above ground and on them radiators are fixed, and lower parts of heat pipes with evaporation zone are buried in ground and radiators are also fixed on them, in winter heat is removed from soil by circulation of coolant in heat pipes, using low temperatures of external air, soil is frozen around heat pipes, freezing also roots of plants located in upper layer of soil, as a result, during defrosting of soil around heat pipes under the effect of solar radiation in spring-summer period, a moistened strip of land without vegetation cover is obtained and steppe fire front is stopped and peat fires are prevented.

EFFECT: as a result of using the proposed method, there is a possibility of stopping fire during steppe fires on approaches to settlements and other fire hazardous facilities, as well as prevention of peat fires, without using heavy equipment and chemical fire retardants.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to methods for preventing fire or containing fire, and can be used in arid regions to stop the steppe fires at the approaches to settlements and other facilities, as well as for the prevention of peat fires.

The climate of the Russian steppes is temperate continental, it is very dry, so the steppe lands suffer from a lack of moisture, and in the spring after the snow cover melts, solar radiation and strong winds provoke a spontaneous, uncontrolled spread of fire over the dry vegetation cover of the steppes. At the same time, water bodies can still be chained with ice.

The thickness of seasonal permafrost within Russia varies from a few centimeters to 1-2 m. At mid-latitudes, the depth of seasonal freezing is 0.6-0.8 meters.

A known method of pile construction with thermal stabilization of the soil around each supporting pile in order to preserve the natural frozen state of the soil, including the use of encapsulated submersible thermal stabilizers with refrigerant (Dolgikh G.M., Okunev S.N., Kintsler Yu.E. Practical experience in building foundations buildings and structures in the conditions of the VMG. Tyumen. LLC NPO Fundamentstroyarkos, 2002). Encapsulated immersion thermostabilizers with refrigerant are placed in special wells drilled near the supporting piles to create a permafrost massif. The radius of the freezing zone of soil around such average winter heat stabilizers at ^-15 ° C is 1.5 m and has the form of a truncated cone freezing depth with a diameter at the base of about 0.5 m. TBG is placed in a semi hermetically sealed sleeve in which pour a certain amount of low-viscosity coolant type HNT-HB based on propylene glycol with surfactants as a buffer heat transfer agent.

Known overhead cord charge for localization of lower forest and steppe fires, in which the fire is extinguished by undermining the soil, the shock wave rushes through the incision towards the combustion front and acts on the flame, and the shock wave reflected from the surface further enhances the extinguishing effect (RF patent No. 2496539, IPC A62C3 / 02, publ. 12/27/2013).

The disadvantage of this method is the complexity of placing and fixing at the required height from the underlying surface and preparation for undermining. This process requires the implementation of a large amount of manual labor in the danger zone along the path of the spread of the fire front. Ensuring high performance in the process of preparing the device for operation is difficult. The implementation of technical systems that provide a high speed of creating a barrier strip on the basis of this device is difficult.

A known method of stopping the front of a forest bottom fire by annealing (firing an oncoming fire) without laying a support strip, in which one of the operators lights the ground cover along the intended annealing line with a wick and drip apparatus, the second operator, using a manual blower, directs the air flow to the back edge of the burning strip, as a result of aerodynamic flame failure and removal from the edge of the smoldering fragments of combustible materials on the burned strip (RF patent No. 2170118, IPC A62C 3/02, publ. 10.07.2001).

The disadvantage of this method is the need for a large number of operators to effectively extinguish a fire, as well as highly skilled operators engaged in oncoming fire, compliance with the rules, the influence on the course of extinguishing a fire in a known manner a large number of factors: direction and speed of the wind, time of day, etc.

Known methods of protection against ground fires, which consists in creating fire barriers, by treating the vegetation cover and the surface of growing trees with weather-resistant fire-retardant fire retardant, along a section of the protected area and to a depth depending on the “leaf index” of the territory with fire retardant before the fire hazard season (RF patent No. 2686506 IPC A62C 3/02, publ., Chinese patent No. 101508899, IPC A62D 1/00, C09K 21/14, A01G 23/00, publ. 08/19/2009).

A disadvantage of the known methods is the low efficiency of flame retardant treatment.

The closest in technical essence to the present invention is fire opashka, the creation of mineralized strips around the boundaries of settlements using heavy equipment: bulldozers, tractors equipped with plows and cutters (RF patent No. 2170119, IPC A62C3 / 02, publ. 10.07.2001). A drainage gap is created and the lower part of the ditch is treated with a special composition against fires. Additionally, reduce the intensity of the fire with moisture formed at the bottom of the strip. In this case, the raised soil is discarded on the dry vegetation cover of the soil surface. Downstream forest fire, reaching the soil layer, reduces the intensity, and the burning of dry vegetation passes into decay under the soil poured on them. Having reached the drainage gap separating the layer with dry vegetation, combustion ceases. After the fire stops, the edges of the slots are closed by the passage of the sealing device, which eliminates the penetration of heat into the permafrost. For more effective fire resistance, the width of the mineralized strip should be from 3 to 4 meters.

The disadvantage of this method is that it is necessary to use specialized equipment, heavy equipment and skilled personnel.

The objective of the invention is to stop the fire on the approaches to settlements and other fire hazardous objects during steppe fires and the prevention of peat fires.

As a result of using the proposed method, it becomes possible to stop the fire in the steppe fires on the approaches to settlements and other fire hazardous facilities, as well as the prevention of peat fires, without involving heavy equipment, chemical fire retardants and fire extinguishing compounds, highly qualified specialists due to the fact that they create fire strips around the boundaries of settlements, use moisture in the ground to stop the fire, heat pipes with coolant are buried in the ground around the settlements on Loubinoux seasonal heating of the soil.

The above technical result is achieved in that the proposed method of stopping fire during steppe fires and preventing peat fires, including the creation of fire strips around the boundaries of settlements, the use of moisture in the ground to stop the fire, according to the invention, that heat pipes are buried in the ground with refrigerant inside them settlements to a depth of 1.5-2 meters before seasonal heating of the soil and in increments of 3-6 meters depending on the climate zone, while the upper parts of the heat pipes are condensed This zone is located above the ground and radiators are fixed on them, and the lower parts of heat pipes with an evaporation zone are buried in the ground, and radiators are also fixed on them, in the winter period heat is removed from the ground by means of refrigerant circulation in the heat pipes using low outdoor temperatures, the soil is frozen around the heat pipes, also freezing the roots of plants located in the upper soil layer, as a result of which, when the soil is thawed around the heat pipes, under the influence of solar radiation in the spring-summer season IRS obtained moistened strip of land without vegetation and steppe fires front stop on the approaches to settlements and other objects of fire hazard, and prevents the peat fire.

The essence of the proposed method of stopping fire during steppe fires and the prevention of peat fires is illustrated in the drawing, which shows a general diagram of the installation of heat pipes with refrigerant inside them around settlements to a depth of seasonal heating of the soil.

The method of stopping fire during steppe fires and the prevention of peat fires is as follows.

In a steppe zone or in a forest with a peat type of soil, heat pipes 1 with refrigerant (freon, ammonia) inside them and with attached radiators are buried to the depth of seasonal thawing of the soil with a step of 3-6 meters depending on the climatic zone around the settlement or other fire hazardous facility 2 from both ends, so that the upper part of the heat pipe 1 with the condensation zone 3 remains outside above the ground, and the lower part of the heat pipe 1 with the evaporation zone 4 is buried to a depth of 1.5-2 meters. In winter, heat is removed from the lower soil layers with the help of a refrigerant at a depth to seasonal thawing with a temperature of -4 ° C to the outside. In the evaporation zone 4, the refrigerant boils at a temperature of -4 ° С and rises in the form of steam to the top in the condensation zone 3, where it is cooled due to low outdoor temperatures from -15 ° С to -25 ° С depending on the climatic zone, giving hidden the heat of vaporization through the radiators 2 into the outside air, which causes condensation of the refrigerant down into the evaporation zone. So, through the circulation of the refrigerant in the heat pipe, the intensity of heat removal from the soil is increased, using low outside temperatures, the soil is frozen around heat pipes 1. During the winter period, frozen soil with a diameter of 3-6 meters is formed around the heat pipe, depending on the climate zone, going deep into 2 meters. During the spring-summer period, due to intense solar radiation, frozen soil is thawed to the zone of seasonal thawing of the soil, moistening the soil as moisture evaporates from the upper layers. Thus, a fire strip is created with a width of 3-6 meters from moist soil, which does not allow grass-roots steppe fire in the direction to settlements and other fire hazardous objects, extinguishes the front of the fire.

An example of the method of stopping fire in the steppe fires.

To stop the fire during steppe fires in the eastern part of Transbaikalia around a settlement or other fire hazardous object, heat pipes with refrigerant (freon) are buried inside the soil to a depth of 3 meters and with radiators attached at both ends in increments of 6 meters. In winter, with the help of a refrigerant heat is removed from the lower soil layers at a depth to seasonal thawing with a temperature of -2.3 ° C to the outside. In the evaporation zone, the refrigerant boils at a temperature of -2.3 ° C and rises in the form of steam to the top in condensation zone 3, where it is cooled due to low outdoor temperatures - 24 ° C, giving off the latent heat of vaporization through radiators to the outside air, which causes refrigerant condensation down to the evaporation zone. During the winter period, frozen soil with a diameter of 6 meters is formed around the heat pipe, extending deep into 2 meters. During the spring-summer period, due to intense solar radiation, frozen soil is thawed to the zone of seasonal thawing of the soil, moistening the soil as moisture evaporates from the upper layers. Thus, a fire strip of 6 meters wide is created from moist soil, which does not allow grass-roots steppe fire in the direction to settlements and other fire hazardous objects, extinguishes the front of the fire.

An example of a method for the prevention of peat fires.

To prevent peat fires, when peat slowly burns out to the entire depth, which can reach 1.5–2 meters, heat pipes with radiators from both ends are buried in the soil to a depth of 2 meters and in increments of 3–6 meters, depending on the climate zone. . The lower part of the heat pipes with an evaporator is buried in peat to a depth of seasonal soil thawing up to 2 meters, and the upper part with a condenser is left on the ground. In the winter, heat is removed from the ground by means of circulation of the refrigerant in the heat pipe due to the difference in outdoor temperatures and soil temperatures, and thus, the soil is frozen around the heat pipes. Around the heat pipes are formed zones of frozen soil with a diameter of about 3 meters, having the form of a truncated cone of a truncated cone to the freezing depth with a diameter of about 0.5 meters at the base. In spring, solar radiation helps thaw frozen ground around heat pipes, keeping peat moist in the summer, when the risk of peat fires increases.

Claims (1)

A method of stopping fire during steppe fires and preventing peat fires, including creating fire strips around the boundaries of settlements, using moisture in the ground to stop the fire, characterized in that heat pipes with coolant are buried inside the settlements around them to a depth of seasonal heating of the soil 1.5-2 m and in increments of 3-6 m depending on the climate zone, while the upper parts of the heat pipes with a condensation zone are placed above the ground and radiators are fixed on them, and the lower parts are heat the outlet pipes with the evaporation zone are buried in the soil and radiators are also fixed on them, in the winter period heat is removed from the soil by circulation of the refrigerant in the heat pipes, using low outside temperatures, the soil is frozen around the heat pipes, also freezing the roots of plants located in the upper layer soil, as a result of which, when thawing soil around heat pipes under the influence of solar radiation in the spring-summer period, a moistened strip of land without vegetation is obtained and the fr ont of the steppe fire at the approaches to settlements and other fire hazardous objects and warn peat fires.

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