RU2704570C1 - Shaft plant for heat transfer over long distances at low temperature differences - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to heat engineering, in particular to systems for providing thermal conditions based on contour heat pipes. Shaft unit for heat transfer over long distances at small temperature drops comprises thermoelectric battery and contour heat pipe. Cold junction of thermoelectric battery is conjugated with cooled object, and switching plate of hot junction is with evaporator of contour heat pipe. In the shaft installation located in the vertical mine structure, the cooled object with the contacting cold junction of the thermoelectric battery is placed in the upper part of the mine structure with a higher temperature, and the contour heat pipe capacitor is located in the lower part of the mine structure with low temperature and is in heat exchange by radiation and convection with walls of the mine structure.

EFFECT: creation of a reliable device with a simplified design, operable at any orientation in the field of gravity forces and capable of transmitting heat over long distances at low temperature drops and low power consumption.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The technical solution relates to heat engineering, in particular to systems for providing thermal conditions based on contour heat pipes.

In some cases, it is necessary to ensure the thermal regime of equipment operating for a long time under ground conditions with insignificant heat release. This solves the problem of transferring excess heat over long distances with a small temperature difference between the source of thermal load and the cooler.

Known heat pipe according to copyright certificate No. 389364, 1973, F25B 19/04, F25D 7/00, containing a sealed enclosure with a capillary-porous filler on its inner surface, separated by transverse partitions made in the form of thermoelectric batteries into compartments filled with a working fluid with condensation zones and evaporation. This device is able to transfer heat over long distances at small temperature differences, however, it has disadvantages:

the design implements the coupling of the coolant flows in the liquid and vapor phases in the working cycle of the tube. This, as well as the large length of the capillary section, create large hydraulic losses and limit the length of the tube compartments. The small length of the compartments leads to an increase in their number and the use of a large number of thermoelectric batteries, which greatly complicates the device, reduces its reliability, increases mass and leads to large additional energy costs;

the device is made in a single housing, which complicates both the assembly of the tube itself and its installation on a cooled object;

the heat pipe contacts the object to be cooled directly with the hot end, which increases the temperature difference between the object to be cooled and the cooler, and also significantly complicates the regulation of the transferred heat flux from the object being cooled (with a variable heat load) to the cooler, which does not allow maintaining the object temperature in a narrow range;

the known heat pipe functions in zero gravity and in the field of gravity only in a horizontal position and with a slight excess of the condensation zone over the evaporation zone.

The objective of this technical solution is to eliminate these disadvantages.

The technical result consists in the creation of a simple device that provides reliable heat transfer with low hydraulic losses and energy costs over long distances at low temperature differences for any orientation in the field of gravity.

The technical result is achieved in that in a device for transmitting heat over long distances at small temperature differences, containing heat pipes and a thermoelectric battery, the heat pipes are made contour, the connection plate of the cold junction of the thermoelectric battery is paired with the cooled object, and the connection plate of the hot junction is fixed to the evaporator the first (closest to the cooled object) contour heat pipe, while the evaporator of each subsequent connected in series loop heat pipes are connected to the previous condenser, and the condenser of the last heat pipe is in heat exchange with its environment.

As the heat transfer units in the proposed device, loop heat pipes (CTT) are used, which are sealed two-phase heat transfer devices having ultra-low thermal resistance and operating in a closed evaporation-condensation cycle using a “capillary mechanism” for pumping the coolant. Structurally, the KTT consists of an evaporator and a condenser connected by transport lines - a steam pipe and a condenser pipe. Contour heat pipes have all the main advantages of conventional heat pipes. Additionally, due to the separation of the coolant flows in the liquid and vapor phases, they are able to effectively transfer heat to a distance of several meters for any orientation in the gravitational field and up to several tens of meters - in a horizontal position or in zero gravity.

The location of the thermoelectric battery in the proposed device, when the cold side of the battery is paired with the cooled surface, and the hot side with the evaporator of the first contour heat pipe, allows you to maintain a constant temperature on the cooled surface on the one hand, and artificially create the temperature difference required for CTT operation between the first evaporator and the last condenser CTT.

Maintaining a constant temperature on the cooled surface, i.e. thermal stabilization, can be realized by a change passing through a thermoelectric battery of electric current.

The essence of the proposed technical solution is illustrated by the drawing, which schematically depicts the proposed device for heat transfer over long distances at small temperature differences. The device removes heat from a device located, for example, in a mine structure.

The following notation is introduced in the drawing:

1 - cooled device;

2 - thermoelectric battery;

3 - patch plate of the "cold" junction;

4 - patch plate "hot" junction;

5 - CTT;

6 - KTT evaporator;

7 - CTT capacitor;

8 - steam line;

9 - condensate line;

10 - capacitor of the last CTT;

11 - mine construction.

The ambient temperature - air in the mine structure decreases with its depth, while the differential, as a rule, is insignificant and does not exceed several degrees.

The proposed device transfers heat from the cooled device 1, located in the upper part of the mine structure with high temperature, to the condenser of the last KTT 10, located in the lower part of the shaft with low temperature.

The proposed device operates as follows.

A thermoelectric battery 2 is mounted on the cooled surface of the device 1 with a cold junction patch plate 3. A first KTT 6 evaporator is attached to the hot junction 4 patch plate, and a second KTT evaporator is attached to the KTT 7 condenser. Next, the CTTs are connected in series with each other. The CTT 10 capacitor is the last in the heat transfer circuit.

The excess heat flux of the device 1 is conducted by a conductive method to the junction plate of the cold junction 3. The thermoelectric battery 2, working as a heat pump, provides both the required seat temperature of the device 1 and the temperature difference between the evaporator and the condenser required for CTT 5 operation. As a result, the instrument’s footprint is cooled, and the first KTT evaporator is heated. Then, according to the CTT duty cycle, the heat flux is transferred to the CTT condenser, from where it is conducted in a conductive manner to the next CTT evaporator. To ensure tight thermal contact of the mating evaporator and condenser, heat-conducting materials (gaskets, pastes), fasteners, and spring-loaded structural elements can be used. Thus, the heat flux is sequentially transferred from one CTT to another, to the condenser 10, which is in heat exchange by convection and radiation with air and the walls of the mine.

The following important circumstance should be noted: the inclusion of several consecutively combined heat exchangers in a new heat transfer device is preferable under certain design features and limitations, for example, if it is necessary to transfer heat through several pressurized compartments or if it is not possible to place one heat exchanger in several neighboring compartments. At the same time, one CTT is installed in each compartment, and the contact between them is carried out by pairing the evaporator of each of the next connected loop heat pipes with the previous condenser.

An exemplary new heat transfer device using several loop heat pipes can operate with a total heat transfer length of several meters to several tens of meters at any location in the field of gravity.

Compared with the analogue: in a horizontal position, the new device operates with one CTT at a distance of several meters, and the known one with three or more. In an upright position, when working against gravity, the analogue is not functional, unlike the proposed invention. In addition, in the proposed device uses one thermoelectric battery, and in the known - several, which several times increases energy consumption, weight and, accordingly, reduces reliability.

The combination of new features of the proposed technical solution — the use of contour heat pipes as heat transfer elements of the device, the location of the thermoelectric battery between the cooled surface of the device and the first KTT evaporator — allows us to obtain a new technical result due to the interconnection of features, which consists in creating a reliable device with a simplified design, operable for any orientation in the field of gravity and capable of transferring heat over long distances at m mated temperature drops and small energy consumption.

Claims (2)

1. Mine installation for the transfer of heat over long distances at small temperature differences, containing a thermoelectric battery and a contour heat pipe, while the cold junction of the thermoelectric battery is paired with a cooled object, and the hot junction patch plate with the evaporator of the contour heat pipe, characterized in that a mine installation located in a vertical mine structure, a cooled object with a contacting cold junction of a thermoelectric battery is located in the upper part of the mine structure Nia higher temperature, and the condenser contour of the heat pipe located in the bottom of the mine construction with reduced temperature and is in heat exchange by radiation and convection from the walls of the silo structure. 2. The mine installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the mine installation for heat transfer includes several successively connected contour heat pipes, the evaporator of each subsequent, starting from the second contour heat pipe, interfaced with the previous condenser, and the last heat condenser the pipe is in heat exchange by radiation and convection with the walls of the mine structure.

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