RU2703173C1 - Household gas consumption and leakage monitoring system in apartment buildings - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: computer engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to systems and devices for generating measurement and control information based on primary parameters, which determine consumption of natural gas and control its leaks in apartment buildings. Result is achieved by suppressing false signals (interference) received via additional channels, and eliminating phenomenon of "reverse operation" of the second type. To suppress false signals (interference) received over additional channels, double frequency conversion of received signals is used. During the first conversion, the receiving frequency of the received signals is converted "up" using the frequency of the first heterodyne and voltage of the first total frequency is picked up. At the second conversion, the first total frequency is converted "down" using the frequency of the second heterodyne and intermediate frequency voltage is selected. Elimination of the "reverse operation" phenomenon of the second type is achieved by stabilizing the phase of the reference voltage using a frequency detector, a flip-flop and a double balanced switch. Frequency detector provides detection of the moment of occurrence of "reverse operation" of the second type, and the flip-flop and the double balanced switch remove it.

EFFECT: high noise-immunity of coherent reception of PSK signals and reliability of determining the number N₁ apartment building and number N_1i apartment, in which excess of allowable level of gas content is recorded.

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Description

The proposed system relates to the field of instrumentation, in particular to systems and devices for the formation of measuring control information according to primary parameters that determine the consumption of natural gas and control its leakage in apartment buildings.

It should be noted that several dozen accidents and fires with human casualties as a result of leakage of domestic gas occur in the country each year, the majority of which are untimely signaling of an emergency or its complete absence.

Known systems and devices for monitoring the flow and leakage of domestic gas in apartment buildings (RF patents No. 2.037.797, No. 2.0.08.036, No. 2.124.745, No. 2.141.626, No. 3.147.145, No. 2.161.785, No. 2.281.614 , No. 2.289.229, No. 2.370.823, No. 2.414.003; US patents No. 5.493.272, No. 6.741.174, No. 6.774.802, No. 6.856.253, No. 6.892.751; French patents No. 2.811.117, No. 2.850.772; German patent No. 4.412.447; patent EP No. 0.523.655; patent WO No. 86 / 08.431 and others.

Of the known systems and devices, the closest to the proposed one is a control system for the consumption and leakage of household gas in apartment buildings (RF patent No. 2.414.003, G08B 17/10, 2009), which is selected as a prototype.

The known system provides increased safety of the operation of gas equipment in the entrances of apartment buildings due to continuous real-time monitoring of the levels of total gas contamination and imbalance in gas consumption, both in individual apartments and in the entrances as a whole, with the transmission of alarming information to residents' cell phones and operational dispatching service by using a radio channel and complex signals with phase shift keying.

However, this device is inherent in the phenomenon of reverse work, which can be of two types. The first type of “reverse operation” is due to the uncertainty of the initial phase of the reference voltage, which is extracted directly from the received PSK signal of intermediate frequency. With equally probable values of the variable component of the phase of the signal:

ϕ1 = 0 and ϕ2 = π there is no sign that would allow you to "bind" the phase ϕpr reference voltage to one of the signal phases. Therefore, the phase of the reference voltage always has two stable states: ϕup (Fig. 4c) and ϕup + π (Fig. 4k). This is easy to show analytically. If division is performed similar to the previous one, but having previously added an angle of 2π to the argument, which does not change the initial voltage, then after division by two, the voltage is shifted in phase by π (Fig. 4k).

Consequently, the ambiguity of the phase of the obtained reference voltage follows from the fission process itself. The physically indicated two-valued phase is due to the unstable operation of the phase divider 65 into two.

Thus, even having a reference voltage with a constant phase and a frequency equal to the intermediate frequency of the received PSK signal at the receiving point, one can distinguish an analog of either the source modulating code M _Σ2 (t) (Fig. 4i) or the inverse (reverse) modulating code M _Σ3 (t) (Fig. 4l), depending on how the input PSK signal of intermediate frequency (Fig. 4b) and the reference voltage (Fig. 4c, k) are phased.

However, by analyzing an analog of the modulating code M _Σ1 (t) (Fig. 4a) extracted from the received PSK signal of intermediate frequency (Fig. 4b), in direct M _Σ2 (t) (Fig. 4i) or in the reverse code M _Σ3 (t) (Fig. 4L), it is possible to reliably determine the number N _{1 of the} apartment building and the number N _{1i of the} apartment, in which the excess of the permissible level of gas contamination is recorded. Moreover, the analog of the modulating code M _Σ1 (t) (Fig. 4a) is analyzed unprincipled in the forward M _Σ2 (t) (Fig. 4i) or in the reverse code M _Σ3 (t) (Fig. 4l) code. It is necessary that the constancy of the phase of the reference voltage, and, consequently, the analog of the modulating code be ensured during the entire time of reception and analysis. This is precisely the situation that arises in those real reception conditions when there is no a priori information about the parameters of the received FMN signal. Therefore, in the process of coherent reception and synchronous detection of PSK signals, there is a need to disclose the uncertainty of the phase of the reference voltage, which is an internal property of these signals.

Thus, the first type of “reverse operation” does not reduce the noise immunity of the coherent reception of PSK signals and does not affect the reliability of determining the number N _{1 of an} apartment building and the number N _{1i of an} apartment, in which an excess of the permissible level of gas contamination is detected.

The second type of “reverse operation” is due to transitions of the phase of the reference voltage from one state ϕ _OL to another ϕ _OL + π under the influence of interference, short-term termination of reception and other destabilizing factors. These transitions during the time of receiving the QPSK signal occur at random times, for example, t ₁ , t ₂ (Fig. 4d). At the same time, at the output of the phase detector 67, a distorted analog of the modulating code M ₄ (t) is highlighted (Fig. 4e). This type of “reverse operation” is very harmful in the technique of coherent reception and synchronous detection of the FMN signal and makes it impossible to reliably determine the above parameters. It is precisely because of this type of “reverse work” that classical phase-shift keying has not been widely used for a long time despite a number of advantages.

The presence of false signals (interference) received via additional channels, and the phenomenon of “reverse operation” of the second type leads to a decrease in the noise immunity of coherent reception of PSK signals and the reliability of determining the number N _{1 of an} apartment building and the number N _{1i of an} apartment, in which an excess of the permissible level of gas contamination is detected .

An object of the invention is to increase the noise immunity of coherent reception of PSK signals and the reliability of determining the number N _{1 of an} apartment building and the apartment number N _1i , in which an excess of the permissible level of gas _pollution is detected by suppressing false signals (interference) received through additional channels and eliminating the “reverse” phenomenon work ”of the second type.

The problem is solved in that the control system for the flow and leakage of domestic gas in apartment buildings, containing, in accordance with the closest analogue, apartment gas flow meters with pulse outputs, apartment gas sensors, gas cut-off valves, total gas supply adder for an apartment building entrance, block comparing the total gas contamination level with an acceptable value, the reference voltage source of the total gas contamination level, the unit for assessing the current gas flow imbalance in the stairwell of an apartment building, an unbalance adder, an unbalance module isolation unit, a reference voltage source of an allowable unbalance level, gas flow meters with pulse outputs, gas supply sensors, gas gas shut-off valves, gas and gas gas shut-off valves and gate control units, which are logical elements OR ”, apartment and drive-by blocks comparing the level of gas contamination with an acceptable value, apartment and drive sources of voltage reference levels are acceptable gas, apartment and drive pulse counters, apartment and drive converters of the pulse frequency into an analog signal and a cellular modem, while the outputs of the apartment and drive gas pollution sensors are connected through apartment and drive blocks comparing the gas level with an acceptable value to the first input of the apartment and drive blocks control valves cutoff gas supply, which are logical elements "OR", to the second input of the apartment and access blocks comparing the level of With the permissible value, the outputs of the apartment and drive sources of the reference voltage of the acceptable gas levels are connected, the second inputs of the apartment and drive control units of the gas cut-off valves, which are OR logic elements, are connected to the control outputs of the cellular modem, the third inputs of the apartment control units gas shut-off valves, which are OR gates, are connected to the output of the valve control unit by gas cutoffs, the outputs of the apartment and entrance gas pollution sensors are connected to the summing inputs of the total gas supply adder of the apartment building entrance, the output of which is connected to the input of the cellular communication modem and the third input of the gas supply cut-off valve control unit through the unit for comparing the total gas pollution with an acceptable value representing “OR” logic elements, the output is connected to the second input of the unit for comparing the level of total gas contamination with an acceptable value The source of the reference voltage source of the level of total gas contamination, the outputs of the apartment gas flow meters through the apartment pulse meters are connected to the inputs of the cellular communication modem and through the apartment pulse frequency converters to an analog signal to the subtracting inputs of the unbalance adder, the summing input of which is connected via the drive pulse frequency converter to the analog signal to the output of the gas flow meter with pulse output, the output of the unbalance adder through the block allocation module dis the balance and the unit for assessing the current imbalance of gas flow in the entrance of the apartment building is connected to the input of the cellular communication modem and the fourth input of the drive unit for controlling the gas cut-off valves, which are logical elements "OR", the second input of the unit for evaluating the current imbalance of gas flow is connected to the source of the voltage level reference allowable imbalance, the outputs of the apartment and access control units of the gas shut-off valves, which are OR gates, are connected accordingly It is connected to the control inputs of the apartment and entrance gas cut-off valves, in addition, the system is equipped with apartment signaling units, signaling access blocks, a pseudo-random sequence home generator, two OR logic elements, an adder, a master oscillator, a phase manipulator, a power amplifier, a transmitting antenna and panoramic receiver installed in the operational dispatching service, and each apartment alarm unit is made in the form of a key, a pseudo-random generator sequence, light and sound signaling devices connected to the output of the apartment block comparing the gas level with an acceptable value, the second key input is connected to the output of the pseudo-random sequence generator, and the output is connected to the input of the delay line, each access signaling unit is made in the form of a key, pseudo-random sequence generator, light and sound signaling devices, connected to the output of the driveway block comparing the level of gas with an acceptable value, the second key input connected to the output of the pseudo-random sequence generator, and the output connected to the input of the delay line, the outputs of the apartment blocks comparing the gas level with an acceptable value through the first logical element “OR” are connected to the first input of the house generator of the pseudo-random sequence, the second input of which is through the second logical element “OR” connected to the outputs of the access blocks comparing the level of gas with an acceptable value, and an adder is connected to the output, the other inputs of which are connected inens with the outputs of the apartment and entrance signaling units, a phase manipulator, the second input of which is connected to the output of the master oscillator, a power amplifier and a transmitting antenna, a panoramic receiver is made in the form of a series-connected receiving antenna, a high-frequency amplifier and a first mixer, the second input of which is through the first local oscillator connected to the output of the search unit, an intermediate frequency amplifier, a phase doubler, a second spectrum analyzer, a comparison unit, the second input of which is black in series Without the first spectrum analyzer, it is connected to the output of the intermediate frequency amplifier, a threshold unit, the second input of which is connected through its delay line to its output, a key, the second input of which is connected to the output of the intermediate frequency amplifier, phase detector and recording and analysis unit, to the output of the phase doubler in series the first narrow-band filter is connected, the phase divider is divided into two and the second narrow-band filter, the control input of the search unit is connected to the output of the threshold block, differs from the closest analogue in that the pan The first receiver is equipped with an amplifier of the first total frequency, a second local oscillator, a second mixer, a frequency detector, a trigger, and a double balanced switch, with an amplifier of the first total frequency and a second mixer connected in series to the output of the first mixer, the second input of which is connected to the output of the second local oscillator, and the output is connected to the input of the intermediate frequency amplifier, to the output of the second narrow-band filter, a frequency detector, a trigger and a double balance switch are connected in series, the second the input of which is connected to the output of the second narrow-band filter, and the output is connected to the second input of the phase detector.

The block diagram of a system for monitoring the flow and leakage of domestic gas in apartment buildings is shown in FIG. 1. The block diagram of a panoramic receiver installed in the operational dispatch service is shown in FIG. 2. A frequency diagram illustrating the formation of additional receive channels is shown in FIG. 3. Timing diagrams explaining the principle of operation of the panoramic receiver are shown in FIG. four.

The system contains sequentially connected room gas sensor 1.i, apartment block 5.i comparing the gas level with an acceptable value, the second input of which is connected to the output of an apartment source 6.i of a reference voltage of an acceptable gas level, modem 24 of the cellular communication, OR logic element 4.i and a room valve 3.i gas cut-offs, a room meter 2.i of gas flow with a pulse output and a room meter 7.i of pulses, the output of which is connected to a cellular modem 24, in series the gas supply door sensor 9.j, the gas supply unit 13.j for comparing the gas level with a permissible value, the second input of which is connected to the output of the input source 14.j of a reference voltage of the acceptable gas level, modem 24 of the cellular communication, OR logic element 12. j and the inlet valve 11.j of the gas cut-off, the inlet gas meter 10.j with a pulse output and the inlet pulse meter 15.j, the output of which is connected to the cellular modem 24, are connected in series via connected to the gassing sensors 1.i and 9.j totalizer 17.j of the total gas supply of the apartment building entrance, block 18.j comparing the total gas supply level with a permissible value, the second input is connected to the output of the voltage source of the total gas supply level 19.j, modem 24 cellular communication, serially connected to the output of the entrance meter 10.j of gas flow with a pulse output, the entrance converter 16.j of the pulse frequency to an analog signal, the unbalance adder 20.j, the other inputs of which are through the apartment The indicator 8.i of the pulse frequency to the analog signal is connected to the output of the apartment gas meter 2.i of the gas flow with a pulse output, the unbalance module allocation unit 21.j and the current gas flow unbalance estimation unit 22j at the entrance of the apartment building, the second input of which is connected to the source output 23j of the reference voltage of the level of allowable imbalance, and the output is connected to the cellular modem 24, the third input of the OR gate 4.i is connected to the output of the OR gate 12.j, the other inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the driveway block 13.j comparing the gas level with an acceptable value, unit 18.j comparing the total gas level with an acceptable value and unit 22.j evaluating the current gas flow imbalance connected to the output of the apartment block 5.i comparing the gas level with an acceptable value, apartment the light signaling device 26.i, the apartment sounding device 27.i and the key 29.i, the second input of which is connected to the output of the pseudo-random sequence generator (28) ii, and the output is connected to the delay line 30.i connected to the output of the drive unit 13.j comparing the gas level with an acceptable value, the drive light 33.j, the drive sound 34.j and the key 36.j, the second input of which is connected to the output of the drive generator 35.j PSP, and the output is connected to the line 37.j delays (i = l, 2, ..., n, j = 1,2, ..., m, where n is the number of apartments in the entrance of the apartment building, m is the number of entrances in the apartment building).

The light analyzer 38.j, the sound analyzer 39.j, the pseudo-random sequence generator 40.j and the key 41.j are connected to the output of the gas contamination level 18.j unit with the permissible value, the second input is connected to the output of the pseudo-random sequence generator 40.j, and the output is connected to the input of the delay line 42.j.

The apartment light signaling device 26.i, the sound signaling device 27.i, the PSP generator 28.i, the key 29.i and the delay line 30.i form an apartment signaling unit 25.i.

The access light signaling device 33.j, the sound signaling device 34.j, the generator 35.j, the key 36.j and the delay line 37.j form an access signaling unit 32.j.

The outputs of the apartment blocks 5.i compare the gas level with an acceptable value through the first logical element "OR" 31.i are connected to the first input of the house generator 44 of the pseudo-random sequence, the second input of which through the second logic element "OR" is connected to the outputs of the drive units 32.j comparing the gas level with an acceptable value, and an adder 45 is sequentially connected to the output, the other inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the apartment 25.i and alarm access blocks 32.j, phase manipulator 47, the second the input of which is connected to the output of the master oscillator 46, a power amplifier 48 and a transmitting antenna 49.

The panoramic receiver installed in the operational dispatch service includes a receiving antenna 50 connected in series, a high-frequency amplifier 51, a first mixer 54, the second input of which is connected through the first local oscillator 53 to the output of the search unit 52, an amplifier 69 of the first total frequency, second mixer 71, and the second the input of which is connected to the output of the second local oscillator 70, an intermediate frequency amplifier 55, a phase doubler 58, a second spectrum analyzer 59, a comparison unit 60, the second input of which is connected to the first spectrum analyzer 57 Exit 55 of the intermediate frequency amplifier, a threshold unit 61, the second input of which is via line delays 62 connected to its output, the key 63, a second input coupled to an output 55 an intermediate frequency amplifier, a phase detector 67 and the register block 68 analysis. The first narrow-band filter 64, the phase divider 65 into two, the second narrow-band filter 66, the frequency detector 72, the trigger 73 and the double balanced switch 74, the second input of which is connected to the output of the second narrow-band filter 66, and the output is connected to the output of the phase doubler 58, are connected in series the second input of the phase detector 67. The control input of the search unit 52 is connected to the output of the threshold unit 61.

Spectrum analyzers 57 and 59, a phase doubler 58, a comparison unit 60, a threshold unit 61, and a delay line 62 form a detector (selector) 56 for complex phase shift keyed signals (QPSK).

The system for controlling the flow and leakage of domestic gas in apartment buildings works as follows.

 In normal operation, all access 11.j (j = 1, 2, ..., m) and apartment 3.i (i = 1, 2, ..., n) gas cut-off valves are open, gas enters the apartments, access 10. j and apartment 2.i gas meters with pulse outputs through the respective meters 15.j and 7.i pulses transmit information about the total and apartment gas consumption to the modem 24 of the cellular communication and then through the cellular communication to gas facilities, operational dispatch services and cell phones of residents.

Application for the transmission of cellular information allows you to automatically or on demand simultaneously transmit it to an unlimited number of people interested in receiving this information and having access to its receipt.

In the event of any irregularities in the gas supply system of the apartment building, the domestic gas flow and leak control system automatically generates and transmits information containing data on the nature of the violation via cellular communication channels to gas facilities, operational dispatch services and cell phones of residents.

In the case of an increase in the level of gas pollution in an apartment of an apartment building, the apartment sensor 1.i (i = 1, 2, ..., n) of gas pollution generates a signal corresponding to this level. This signal on the apartment block 5.i (i = 1, 2, ..., n) comparing the level of gas contamination with an acceptable value is compared with the signal source 6.i (i = 1, 2, ..., n) of the voltage reference for the level of permissible gas contamination and in case of exceeding the permissible gas level, block 5.i generates a signal that is simultaneously fed through control block 4.i to the room valve 3.i of the gas cut-off, to the cellular communication modem 24 with further transmission of information via cellular communication channels to gas facilities, operational dispatch services and on cell vy telephone tenants of the apartment, where it was recorded increase the permissible level of gas concentration, into apartment light 26.i and 27.i audible alarm and generator control inputs 28.i and 29.i CAP key, opening it. In the initial state, the keys 29.i, 36.j and 41.j are always closed. Light 26.i and sound 27.i signaling devices are triggered and notify the residents of this apartment about an emergency.

The control signal from the output of block 5.i compares the gas level with an acceptable value simultaneously through the OR logic element 31.i and enters the control input of the PSP house generator 44 and starts it.

The apartment generator 28.i ПСП (i = 1,2, ..., n) generates the code M ₁ (t), which is the apartment number where the increase in the permissible level of gas pollution was recorded, and through the public key 29.i enters the input of line 30 .i a delay, the delay time τ ₁ i of which is equal to the duration T ₁ i of the code M ₁ i (t) (τ ₁ i = T ₁ i).

The PSP house generator 44 generates a code M ₁ i (t), which is the number of an apartment building, in one of the apartments of which an excess of gas level is recorded.

Modulating codes M ₁ i (t) and M ₁ (t) are fed to the inputs of the adder 45, the output of which is formed by the total code

M _Σ1 (t) = M ₁ (t) + M ₁ i (t),

which goes to the first input of the phase manipulator 47. Harmonic oscillation from the output of the master oscillator 46 is fed to the second input of the last

U ₁ (t) = V ₁ cos (W ₁ t + ϕ ₁ ), 0≤t≤T ₁ ,

where V ₁ , W ₁ , ϕ ₁ , T ₁ - amplitude, carrier frequency, initial phase and duration of harmonic oscillation.

The output of the phase manipulator 47 produces a complex signal with phase shift keying (PSK)

U ₂ (t) = V ₁ cos [W ₁ t + ϕ _K1 (t) + ϕ ₁ ], 0≤t≤T ₁ ,

where ϕ _K1 (t) = {0, π} is the manipulated component of the phase that displays the law of phase manipulation in accordance with the modulating code M _Σ1 (t), and ϕ _K1 (t) = const for Kτ _E <t <(K + 1 ) τ _Э and can change abruptly at t = Кτ _Э , i.e. at the borders between elementary premises

(K = 1,2, ..., N _Σ1 ):

τ _E , N _Σ1 - the duration and number of chips that make up the signal duration.

T ₁ (T ₁ = τ _E N _Σ1 ): N _Σ1 = N ₁ + N ₁ i,

N ₁ - the number of the apartment building,

N ₁ i is the number of the apartment in which the excess of the permissible level of gas contamination is recorded,

which, after amplification in the power amplifier 48, enters the transmitting antenna 49 and radiates it to the ether at a frequency of W ₁ .

In the operational dispatching service, a panoramic receiver searches for PSK signals in a given frequency range Df. This is due to the adjustment of the local oscillator 53 according to a linear sawtooth law using the block 52 search, which can be used as a sawtooth voltage generator.

The received complex QPSK signal U ₂ (t) from the output of the receiving antenna 50 through the high-frequency amplifier 51 is fed to the first input of the mixer 54, the second input of which is the voltage of the local oscillator 53 of a ramp frequency

U _G1 (t) = V _G1 cos (W t + πγt _r1 ² + φ _r1) 0≤t≤T _P,

where W _G1 - the initial frequency of the local oscillator;

γ = Df / T _P - rate of change of the local oscillator frequency;

Df is the range of frequencies viewed;

T _P - period of tuning the frequency of the local oscillator.

At the output of the first mixer 54, combinational frequency voltages are generated. The amplifier 69 is allocated the voltage of the first total frequency

Where

- первая суммарная частота

- first total frequency

which is supplied to the first input of the second mixer 71. The voltage of the second local oscillator 70 is supplied to the second input of the last.

U _Г2 (t) = V _Г2 cos (W _Г2 t + ϕ _Г2 )

At the output of the second mixer 71, voltages of combination frequencies are generated. The amplifier 55 is allocated the voltage of the intermediate (differential) frequency.

U _PR (t) = V _PR cos [W _PR t + ϕ _К1 (t) + πγt ² + ϕ _PR ], 0≤t≤T,

Where

-промежуточная (разностная) частота

-intermediate (differential) frequency

which is fed to the input of the detector (selector) 56, consisting of a phase doubler 58, spectrum analyzers 57 and 59, a comparison unit 60, a threshold unit 61, and a delay line 62.

A voltage is generated at the output of the phase doubler 58

U ₃ (t) = V ₃ cos (2W _PR t + 2πγt ² + 2ϕ _PR ), 0≤t≤T ₁ ,

Where

in which phase manipulation is already absent, since

2ϕ _K1 (t) = {0.2π}.

The spectrum width Δf _{2 of the} second harmonic of the signal is determined by the duration T _{1 of the} signal

Δf ₂ = 1 / T ₁ ,

while the width of the spectrum Δf _{C of the} input QPSK signal is determined by the duration τ _{его of} its elementary premises

Δf _C = 1 / τ _E ,

раз меньше ширины спектра входного ФМн-сигнала.those. the width of the spectrum of the second harmonic of the signal in

times smaller than the spectrum width of the input QPSK signal.

раз. Это обстоятельство и позволяет обнаружить и отселектировать ФМн-сигнал даже тогда, когда его мощность на входе панорамного приемника меньше мощности шумов и помех.Therefore, when the phase of the QPSK signal is doubled, its spectral width “folds” to

time. This circumstance makes it possible to detect and select the PSK signal even when its power at the input of the panoramic receiver is less than the power of noise and interference.

The width of the spectrum Δf _{C of the} input QPSK signal is measured using a spectrum analyzer 57, and the spectrum width Δf _{2 of the} second harmonic of the signal is measured using a spectrum analyzer 59. Voltages V _C and V ₂ proportional to Δf _C and Δf _2, respectively, from the outputs of the spectrum analyzers 57 and 59 are fed to two inputs of the comparison unit 60. Since V _C >> V ₂ , a constant voltage is generated at the output of the comparison block 60, which exceeds the threshold level V _POR in the threshold block 61. If approximately equal voltages are applied to the two inputs of the comparison block 60, then there is no constant voltage at its output. The threshold voltage V _POR is selected so that it does not exceed random interference. With increasing threshold level V _POR , a constant voltage is generated in the threshold block 61, which indicates the detection of a complex QPSK signal and is fed to the input of the delay line 62, to the control input of the key 63, opening it, and to the control input of the search unit 52, turning it off. The key 63 in the initial state is always closed.

Upon termination of the tuning of the local oscillator 53 by the amplifier 55, the following voltage is released (Fig. 4b)

U _PR1 (t) = V _PR cos [W _PR t + ϕ _K1 (t) + ϕ _PR ], 0≤t≤T,

which through the public key 63 enters the first (information) input of the phase detector 67.

At the output of the phase doubler 58 in this case a harmonic oscillation is formed (Fig. 4c)

U ₄ (t) = V ₄ cos (2W _PR t + 2ϕ _PR ), 0≤t≤T,

which is allocated by the narrow-band filter 64 and fed to the input of the phase divider 65 into two. At the output of the latter, harmonic oscillation is formed (Fig. 4d)

U ₅ (t) = V ₅ cos (W _PR t + ϕ _PR ), 0≤t≤T ₁ ,

which is allocated by a narrow-band filter 66 and fed to the first input of the double balanced switch 74 and to the input of the frequency detector 72, which is designed to detect the occurrence of "reverse operation" of the second type. When the phase of the reference voltage jumps by 180 ° at time t ₁ (Fig. 4f), a short positive pulse appears at the output of the frequency detector 72, and when the phase jumps by 180 ° at time t ₂ (the reference voltage phase returns to the original state) - negative short impulse. Alternate pulses from the output of the frequency detector 72 (Fig. 4e) control the operation of the trigger 73 (Fig. 4g), in turn, controls the operation of the double balanced switch 74. In a stable state, when the phase of the reference voltage coincides, for example, with the zero phase of the received PSK -signal, a negative voltage is generated at the output of the trigger 73 and the balance switch 74 is in its original position at which the reference voltage from the output of the second narrow-band filter 66 is supplied to the second (reference) input of the phase det Ktorov 67 unchanged.

When the phase of the reference voltage jumps by 180 °, due, for example, to the unstable operation of the phase divider 65 into two under the influence of interference, the trigger 73 is transferred by a positive short pulse from the output of the frequency detector 72 to another stable state. The output voltage of the trigger 72 at time t ₁ becomes and remains positive until the next phase jump at time t ₂ , which returns the phase of the reference voltage to its original state. The positive output voltage of the trigger (Fig. 4g) transfers the balance switch 74 to another stable state, in which the reference voltage from the output of the second narrow-band filter 66 is supplied to the second (reference) input of the phase detector 67 with a phase change of -180 °. This eliminates the instability of the phase of the reference voltage caused by its abrupt change under the influence of interference, and the associated "reverse work" of the second type.

Therefore, the frequency detector 72 provides detection of the moment of occurrence of "reverse operation" of the second type, and the trigger 73 and the double balance switch 74 eliminate it.

As a result of synchronous detection at the output of the phase detector 67 low-frequency voltage is generated (Fig. 4i, l)

U _H (t) = V _H Cosϕ _K1 (t), 0≤t≤T ₁

,Where

,

proportional to the modulating code M _Σ (t) (Fig. 4a).

This voltage is supplied to the registration and analysis unit 68, where the number N _{1 of the} apartment building and the number N _{1i of the} apartment in which the excess of the permissible level of gas are registered are determined.

After the delay time τ _s has elapsed, the constant voltage from the output of the threshold block 61 is supplied to the reset input and resets it to the zero level. In this case, the key 63 is closed, and the search unit 52 is turned on, that is, they are transferred to their initial states.

When the next QPSK signal is detected at a different frequency, for example, W ₂ , the panoramic receiver operates in a similar way.

The operation of the panoramic receiver described above corresponds to the case of receiving false PSK signals on the main channel at a frequency W _C.

If a false signal (interference) is fed to the input of a panoramic receiver by mirroring at a frequency of W _W

U _З (t) = V _З cos (W _З t + ϕ _з ), 0≤t≤T _З ,

then the output of the first mixer 54 produces a voltage of the second total frequency

Where

- вторая суммарная частота;

- second total frequency;

which does not fall into the passband of the amplifier 69 of the first total frequency. This is because the tuning frequency W _{H of the} amplifier 69 of the first total frequency is selected equal to W _Σ1 (W _H = W _Σ1 , W _Σ2 - W _Σ1 = 2W _PR ).

Therefore, a false signal (interference) received on the mirror channel at a frequency of W _W is suppressed. For similar reasons, false signals (interference) received through other additional channels are also suppressed.

The restoration of gas supply can be carried out only after eliminating the source of increased gas contamination.

In the case of an increase in the level of gas contamination in the entrance of an apartment building, the entrance gas sensor 9.j (j = 1,2, ..., m) of gas contamination generates a signal which is compared to the source signal 14.j at the entrance block 13.j of comparing the gas level with an acceptable value the reference voltage of the level of permissible gas contamination in the case of an increase in the gas contamination level, block 13.j generates a signal that is simultaneously supplied through control block 12.j to the inlet valve 11.j of the gas cut-off, through control block 4.i to the room valve 3.i gas supply modems, to a cellular modem 24 with further transmission of information via cellular communication channels to gas facilities, operational dispatch services and to cell phones of all residents of this entrance, to light entrance 33.j and sound 34.j signaling devices and to control rooms the inputs of the generator 35.j PSP and key 36.j, opening it. Light 33.j and sound 34.j signaling devices are triggered and notify residents of this entrance about the emergency.

The control signal from the output of the block 13.j comparing the gas level with an acceptable value simultaneously through the logical element "OR" 43.j is fed to the control input of the house generator 44 PSP and starts it.

The access generator 35.j PSP (j = 1,2, ..., m) generates the code M ₂ j (t), which is the number of the entrance where the excess of the permissible level of gas content was recorded, and through the public key 36.j enters the line input 31.j, delays whose delay time τ _2j is equal to the duration T _2j when M _2j (t) (τ _2j = T _2j ).

PSP house generator 44 generates code M ₁ (t), which is the number of an apartment building, in one of the entrances of which an excess of the permissible level of gas contamination is recorded.

Modulating codes M _2j (t) and M ₁ (t) are fed to the inputs of the adder 45, the output of which is formed by the total code:

which is fed to the first input of the phase manipulator 47. In the future, the system operates as described above.

In the case of an increase in the total level of gas contamination in the staircase as a whole and in individual apartments of the staircase of the apartment building, the signals of apartment 1.i (i = 1,2, ..., n) and entrance 9.j (j = l, 2, ..., m) sensors the gas supply goes to the adder 17.j of the total gas content of the entrances of the apartment building, where they are summed up and then compared with the level of permissible total gas supply 19.j on the block 18.j of comparing the level of total gas pollution with the permissible value. Then, the signal through the control unit 12.j is supplied to the driveway 11.j and through the control units 4.i to the room valves 3.j of the gas cut-off. Also, from the unit 18.j for comparing the level of total gas contamination with an acceptable value, the signal is sent to the 24 cellular communication modem and through the cellular communication channels to gas management services, operational dispatch services and to cell phones of residents of this apartment building, as well as to light entrance 38.j and sound 39.j signaling devices and to the control inputs of the generator 40.j SRP and key 41.j.

Subsequently, the operation of the system occurs as described above.

If there is a significant discrepancy between the flows of gas entering the access network and gas consumed in the apartments, the unbalance adder 20.j, to the summing input of which there is a signal from the entrance 16.j, and to the subtractive inputs from the apartment frequency converters 2.j of the pulses into the analog signal, a signal is generated mismatch of incoming and consumed gas flows. This signal, through the unbalance module allocation unit 21.j, is fed to the estimator 22.j of the current gas flow unbalance at the entrance of the apartment building, where it is compared with the value of the allowable unbalance level generated by the source 23.j. If this level is exceeded, the signal through block 12.j is supplied to the driveway 11.j and through control blocks 4.i to the room valves 3.i of the gas cut-off. In addition, the signal from unit 22.j for estimating the current imbalance in gas consumption at the entrance of the apartment building is sent to the cellular modem 24 and through the cellular communication channels to gas facilities, operational dispatch services, and to cell phones of residents of this entrance.

The proposed system provides light and sound alarms when gas levels are exceeded, both in individual apartments and in entrances in general, and also improves the reliability and reliability of the transmission of alarm information to the operational dispatch service. This is achieved by using a radio channel and complex phase-shift keyed signals that are transmitted at different frequencies. Each apartment building has its own carrier frequency.

From the point of view of detection, complex QPSK signals have high energy and structural secrecy.

The energy secrecy of these signals is due to their high compressibility in time and spectrum with optimal processing, which reduces the instantaneous radiated power. As a result, a complex QPSK signal at the receiving point may be masked by noise and interference. Moreover, the energy of a complex QPSK signal is by no means small; it is simply distributed over the time-frequency domain so that at each point of this region the signal power is less than the power of noise and interference.

The structural secrecy of complex QPSK signals is due to the wide variety of their shapes and significant ranges of parameter changes, which makes it difficult to optimize or at least quasi-optimal processing of complex QPSK signals of an a priori unknown structure in order to increase the sensitivity of the receiver.

Complex QPSK signals allow the use of structural selection. This means that it becomes possible to separate signals operating in the same frequency band and at the same time intervals.

The proposed system provides increased safety of the operation of gas equipment in apartment buildings due to continuous real-time monitoring of the levels of total gas contamination and imbalance in gas consumption, both in individual apartments and in the staircase as a whole with the transmission of alarming information via cellular communication channels to gas facilities, operational dispatch services on both residents' and radio telephones using complex signals with phase shift keying, as well as using light and sound alarms in apartments and in the entrances of an apartment building.

The use of cellular communications for the transmission of alarming information allows automatic transmission or upon request to simultaneously transmit it to all persons interested in this information. Also, cellular communication allows you to inform residents about planned outages and other actions of gas services.

. А при втором преобразовании первая суммарная частота

преобразуется «вниз» с использованием частоты W_Г2 второго гетеродина и выделяется напряжение промежуточной частоты

Thus, the proposed system, in comparison with the known system and other technical solutions of a similar purpose, provides increased noise immunity of the coherent reception of PSK signals and the reliability of determining the number N _{1 of an} apartment building and the number N _{1i of an} apartment, in which an excess of the permissible level of gas contamination is recorded. This is achieved by suppressing false signals (interference) received via additional channels, and eliminating the phenomenon of "reverse work" of the second type. Reception To suppress false signals (interference) received via additional channels, double conversion of the frequency of received signals is used. During the first conversion, the carrier frequency W _{C of the} received signals is converted "up" using the frequency W _{G1 of the} first local oscillator and the voltage of the first total frequency is allocated

. And with the second conversion, the first total frequency

converted "down" using the frequency W _{G2 of the} second local oscillator and the intermediate frequency voltage is allocated

The elimination of the phenomenon of “reverse work” of the second type is achieved by stabilizing the phase of the reference voltage using a frequency detector, a trigger, and a double balanced switch. Moreover, the frequency detector provides detection of the moment of occurrence of the phenomenon of "reverse work" of the second type, and the trigger and double balanced switch eliminate it.

Claims (1)

A gas and gas leakage control system in apartment buildings containing apartment gas flow meters with pulse outputs, apartment gas contamination sensors, gas cut-off valves, a common gas adder for a multi-apartment building’s entrance, a unit for comparing the total gas contamination level with a permissible value, the reference voltage source of the total level gas supply, a unit for assessing the current imbalance of gas flow in the entrance of an apartment building, an unbalance adder, an unbalance module isolation unit, reference voltage source of permissible unbalance level, gas flow meters with pulse outputs, gas supply sensors, gas cut-off valves, apartment and gas cut-off valves control units, which are OR logic elements, apartment and drive gas-level comparison blocks with acceptable value, apartment and drive sources of voltage reference levels of permissible gas contamination, apartment and drive pulse counters, apartment and lift Real frequency converters of pulses into an analog signal and a cellular communication modem, while the outputs of the apartment and drive-in gas pollution sensors are connected through apartment and drive-in blocks comparing the gas level with an acceptable value to the first input of the apartment and drive-in gas cut-off valve control units, which are logical elements “OR ", To the second entrance of the apartment and access blocks comparing the gas level with an acceptable value, the outputs of the apartment and input voltage sources of acceptable gas levels, the second inputs of the apartment and entrance control units for gas shutoff valves, which are logical OR components, are connected to the control outputs of a cellular modem, the third inputs of apartment gas control valves for gas shutoff valves, which are logical OR ", Connected to the output of the access control unit of the gas cut-off valves, the outputs of the apartment and entrance gas sensors are connected to the summing input am of the total gas supply adder of an apartment building, the output of which is connected to the input of the cellular modem and the third input of the gas control valve control unit, which is an OR logic element, to the second input of the total gas pollution level comparison unit through a unit for comparing the total gas level with an acceptable value with a permissible value, the output of the reference voltage source of the total gas contamination level is connected, the outputs of the apartment gas flow meters through the apartment pulse counters are connected to the inputs of the cellular modem and, via apartment converters of the pulse frequency to the analog signal, to the subtracting inputs of the unbalance adder, the summing input of which is connected through the drive converter of the pulse frequency to the analog signal to the output of the drive gas flow meter with a pulse output, the output of the unbalance adder through the block the allocation of the imbalance module and the unit for assessing the current imbalance of gas flow in the entrance of an apartment building is connected to the input of the cellular modem to the fourth input of the entrance block for controlling the gas supply shut-off valves, which is an OR logic element, the second input of the unit for evaluating the current unbalance of gas flow is connected to the voltage source of the allowable unbalance level, the outputs of the apartment and entrance blocks for controlling the gas cut-off valves, which are "OR" logic elements are connected respectively to the control inputs of the apartment and entrance gas cut-off valves, in addition, the system is equipped with apartment blocks signaling units, drive-in signaling units, a pseudo-random sequence home generator, two “OR” logic elements, an adder, a master oscillator, a phase manipulator, a power amplifier, a transmitting antenna and a panoramic receiver installed in the operational dispatching service, each apartment signaling unit being made in the form key, pseudo-random sequence generator, light and sound signaling devices connected to the output of the apartment block of comparison of the gas level of validity, the second key input is connected to the output of the pseudo-random sequence generator, and the output is connected to the input of the delay line, each signaling access block in the form of a key, pseudo-random sequence generator, light and sound signaling devices connected to the output of the entrance block of comparing the gas level with the permissible value, the second key input is connected to the output of the pseudo-random sequence generator, and the output is connected to the input of the delay line, the outputs of the apartment block Comparing the gas level with an acceptable value through the first logical element, “OR” is connected to the first input of the house generator of a pseudo-random sequence, the second input of which through the second logic element “OR” is connected to the outputs of the drive units for comparing the gas level with an acceptable value, and are connected to the output in series an adder, the other inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the apartment and entrance signaling units, a phase manipulator, the second input of which is connected to the output by setting generator, power amplifier and transmitting antenna, panoramic receiver is made in the form of a series-connected receiving antenna, high-frequency amplifier and a first mixer, the second input of which through the first local oscillator is connected to the output of the search unit, series-connected intermediate-frequency amplifier, phase doubler, second spectrum analyzer , a comparison unit, the second input of which through the first spectrum analyzer is connected to the output of the intermediate frequency amplifier, a threshold unit, the second input of which is through the lines the delay is connected to its output, a key, the second input of which is connected to the output of the intermediate frequency amplifier, phase detector and registration and analysis unit, the first narrow-band filter, the phase divider into two and the second narrow-band filter, the control input of the search unit are connected in series to the output of the phase doubler connected to the output of the threshold unit, characterized in that the panoramic receiver is equipped with an amplifier of the first total frequency, a second local oscillator, a second mixer, a frequency detector, a trigger and a double balanced a switch, and an amplifier of the first total frequency and a second mixer are connected in series to the output of the first mixer, the second input of which is connected to the output of the second local oscillator, and the output is connected to the output of the intermediate frequency amplifier, the frequency detector, trigger, and double balance switch are connected in series to the output of the second narrow-band filter , the second input of which is connected to the output of the second narrow-band filter, and the output is connected to the second input of the phase detector.

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