RU2718624C2 - Household gas catastrophe counter - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: monitoring of gas medium parameters.

SUBSTANCE: domestic gas catastrophe emergency counter, in the housing of which a standard measurement and indication unit is installed, as well as gas cutoff device made in form of electromagnetic valve and installed at input of standard measurement and indication unit, and control device, which includes a microcontroller, a built-in gas sensor and wireless external gas and smoke sensors for controlling the room, transistor keys, one of which is intended for connecting the built-in gas sensor to the microcontroller, a light and sound warning module, a GSM module, 433 MHz radio reception module for receiving signals from wireless gas and smoke sensors and transmitting the associated microcontroller.

EFFECT: technical result is aimed at increasing the level of vital activity safety during operation of gas-using equipment.

8 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of monitoring the parameters of the gas environment, as well as to the field of control and regulation, and is intended to determine the volume of gas consumed with the gas supply being interrupted when determining the presence of hydrocarbon gases in the air in the room, toxic products of their combustion, or when receiving signals from wireless external sensors, with the issuance of both individual light and sound alerts, and remote alerts using a wireless cellular network with broadcast alerts via SMS and tcp / ip.

Application area:

- prevention of accidents during the operation of gas-powered equipment in apartments and individual houses, hostels and hotels;

- control of air safety for humans at the locations of gas-powered household heating equipment;

- gas supply management in apartment buildings, individual residential buildings and at enterprises by remote shutdown if necessary.

Every year in Russia there are a large number of accidents associated with the use of gas equipment designed for heating, water heating and cooking. This is due to the fact that improper operation of gas-powered equipment or breakdown of gas-consuming devices can lead to the appearance in the air of both hydrocarbon gas entering the equipment, which is fraught with fires, poisoning and explosions, and to the appearance of toxic combustion products, for example, carbon monoxide.

The operation of autonomous apartment heating systems in apartment buildings and gas boilers in individual cottages requires continuous monitoring of the operation of gas equipment, since during operation it is possible to blow the burner flame, which can lead to gas leakage with the likelihood of a subsequent explosion, or to a violation of gas removal, which can lead to the appearance and accumulation in the premises of life-threatening products of gas combustion.

A device for remote monitoring of gas equipment and domestic gas leaks in apartment buildings (RF Patent N 2486595 G08B 17/10, publ. 06/27/2013), which contains gas appliances, gas flow meters, gas detectors, volumetric air flow, oxygen, scaling and differential amplifiers, comparators, digital-to-analog converters, volumetric minimum air flow adjusters, permissible unbalance value adjuster, gas flow totalizer, time delay blocks, cut-off valves for gas supply, OR elements, a cellular modem and apartment radio modems with a set of information inputs and outputs. The device allows you to remotely analyze the operation of gas equipment and determine gas leaks. The advantages of this device include improving the safety of natural gas in apartment buildings by continuously monitoring the balances of gas flows, leaks and combustion products with automatic or remote shutdown of gas supply in the event of unacceptable disruptions in the operation of gas equipment. The disadvantages of the device include insufficient reliability of notification in the event of gas leaks, which is associated with a serial connection of two wireless networks, since the presence of an internal data transmission network from primary registration devices to a GSM radio modem reduces the reliability of notification, since a serial connection of networks leads to a resulting probability failure, defined as the product of the probability of failure of each network. In addition, the device does not automatically shut off the gas supply during leak detection, which can lead to accidents at the time from the leak notification to the leak elimination by operational services.

A device is known for the automatic control of methane and other combustible gases (RF Patent N2013565 E21F 17/00, publ. 05/30/1994), which contains a thermocatalytic bridge sensor, in the diagonal of which an amplifier is connected, the output of the latter is connected to a rectifier bridge, to the output of which an analog a device showing the concentration of methane, and a voltage to frequency converter, a diagnostic control unit, a methane concentration limit comparator, an audible alarm unit. The advantages of this device include the high accuracy of determining the concentration of methane, and the disadvantages are the lack of a wireless channel, which significantly limits the warning distance, as well as the lack of the ability to automatically eliminate gas leaks.

A device for determining the concentration of combustible gases (RF Patent No. 91762 IPC G01N 27/04, publ. 02/27/2010) containing a power supply unit, a scaling amplifier, analog-to-digital converter, means for digital signal processing, means for controlling executive bodies, is connected to a scaling amplifier, and a resistive voltage divider (RDN), one of the arms of which includes an active sensing element having a resistance depending on the concentration of combustible gas. The disadvantages of this device is the inability to remotely alert about a gas leak and automatically stop the gas supply when recording a leak.

A device for measuring gas concentration is known (Patent US 7242309, IPC G08B 17/10, publ. 07.10.2007), comprising a sensor unit, a control and communication unit and a power unit. In this case, each device includes a heater for heating the sensor, a microcontroller (for controlling the on-off mode of the heater) and a comparator (for comparing the measured value with a threshold). A distinctive feature of this device is that it communicates with the management server wirelessly. The disadvantages of this device is that the control server directly collects data from the measuring devices. As a result, measuring devices must be in direct line of sight of the server. Therefore, in order to cover a large territory, it is necessary to increase the power of the transmitter, which entails an increase in power consumption and, accordingly, a decrease in battery life. In general, this limits the scope of the device. In addition, there is no way to automatically stop the gas supply when registering the presence of gas in the air.

Known device "gas detector Kenar GD100-N" (https://t41.ru/brand/Kenar), connected by a connecting wire to the solenoid valve Kenar GV-80. When the alarm is triggered, a control action is applied to the electromagnetic valve, which leads to its closure and the gas supply to the room ceasing. The disadvantages of this device include the lack of the ability to connect wireless sensors, which does not allow you to control the composition of air in residential buildings with apartment heating and individual residential buildings in which the gas inlet, kitchen and boiler room are located in different places of the room.

Closest to the described is a portable intelligent environmental monitoring device, known from the source CN205785300U, published 05/23/2016, disclosing a device for analyzing the parameters of the air of a human environment with a wireless alert, comprising: a microcontroller, a power supply, a module for connecting to a mobile cellular network, a sensor gases, temperature sensor, humidity sensor, light-sound annunciator, backup battery, moreover, the device contains in one housing measuring gas sensors, t temperature, humidity, microcontroller, whose software provides continuous recording and analysis of air parameters with periodic transmission of information packets with sensor readings via tcp / ip protocol via a wireless mobile cellular network to predefined servers, as well as with automatic sending of a short text message (SMS) to pre-set phone numbers when exceeding pre-set sensor values or when the device is disconnected from the mains power. The disadvantages of this device include the impossibility of preventing catastrophic situations when the concentration of gases in the air of the human environment exceeds the established limits, since this device does not have the ability to stop the gas supply to the room.

The technical task of the proposed device is to take into account the volume of gas entering the room with continuous recording of gas impurities in the air using both built-in gas sensors and stand-alone wireless external gas and smoke sensors, with automatic shutdown of the gas supply to the room when the gas and smoke levels exceed the established limits.

The technical result consists in increasing the level of life safety during the operation of gas-powered equipment.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that a standard gas meter is used (gas is supplied through “1. Inlet”, passes through the device and exits through “2. Outlet” - see Fig. 1), which includes a gas-cutting device made in in the form of an electromagnetic gas valve ("3. Valve" - Fig. 1), installed at the entrance to the standard meter measurement and display unit ("4. Standard measurement and indication module" - Fig. 1) and a control device (5. UU - Fig. . one). The control device includes a power supply unit that provides power to the device from an autonomous and (or) external power supply, a microcontroller, a gas sensor, a transistor switch, a GSM module, a radio reception module with a frequency of 433 MHz. During operation, the microcontroller continuously analyzes the signal from the gas sensor and signals from external wireless gas and smoke sensors. If the limits are exceeded, the microcontroller sends a control signal to the solenoid valve, which leads to its closure and the gas supply to the room to cease.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the gas meter includes an electromagnetic valve installed on the meter’s meter input and a control device that provides analysis of the integrated gas sensor, receives signals from external wireless sensors and, when the permissible level of gases and smoke is exceeded, provides wireless notification gas supply cut-off and, as a result, increased level of life safety during the operation of gas-using equipment. In addition, the device notifies the owner of the home and (or) special services, which can further increase the level of life safety, eliminate the threat of fire, explosion and poisoning by timely notification of responsible persons.

The block diagram of the control device is shown in FIG. 2. The device includes a 6.BP power supply unit), which provides power to the 7.MCU microcontroller and its peripherals, a battery (8.Accum.), Which provides independent power supply, a GSM module (9.GSM module), light and sound annunciator (“10. Annunciator”), gas sensor (“11.D1”), 433 MHz radio channel receiver (“12. 433 MHz receiver”), voltage converter (“13. PN”), transistor switch (14 . TK2).

The device is powered by the 6.BP power supply unit, which can be any standard mobile phone charger that converts the mains voltage to a supply voltage of 3-5 volts. In parallel with the power supply, a battery is connected (“8. Akkum”), the functions of which include autonomous power supply of the device when the power supply is de-energized, which allows, on the one hand, to ensure uninterrupted operation of the device in the event of a power supply failure, on the other hand, use the user notification power outages.

The 11.D1 gas sensor is connected through the 15.TK1 transistor switch controlled by the microcontroller, which allows you to control the on and off switch of the gas sensor with the microcontroller software. The sensor signal is fed to an analog-to-digital converter built into the microcontroller. The microcontroller software provides continuous switching on the gas sensor with external power supply or short-term, periodic connection of the gas sensor when powered by a battery or battery. Atmega 328p, Atmega 128p, PIC16 and others can be used as a microcontroller. As a gas sensor, a semiconductor gas sensor with a tin dioxide-based sensor, for example, a wide spectrum MQ2 hydrocarbon gas sensor.

The serial UART interface of the microcontroller is connected to a GSM module, which can be a SIM800L microassembly with an installed SIMS microSD card slot, which allows you to receive and make phone calls, exchange short text messages and use the GSM mobile network to connect to the Internet.

When you turn on the device for the first time, you need to send a short text message of zero or unit length to the SIM card of the GSM module. The software of the microcontroller, having received this message, selects a phone number from it and saves it in its non-volatile memory as a phone number for SMS alerts. It is possible to set additional numbers by sending an SMS message of a certain format to the device’s SIM card, which allows you to save the required number of phone numbers for SMS alerts in the non-volatile memory of the microcontroller. When manufacturing the device, the server’s domain name or its ip address and port for data transfer via tcp / ip protocol are entered into the non-volatile memory of the microcontroller in advance. In the future, it is possible to change the domain name and port by sending a certain format SMS to the SIM card of the device.

The control device includes a 433 MHz radio channel interface, which provides information from standard wireless sensors for hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, smoke. The interface is the micro-assembly of the receiver of the radio module WL101-341, which ensures the transfer of information to the microcontroller via the serial 1-wire protocol.

The control unit includes a voltage conversion module "13. PN "(Fig. 2), whose function is to convert the voltage of the battery or power supply to a level sufficient to control the electromagnetic valve. The output of the module is connected to the transistor switch "14.TK2" (Fig. 2), which is controlled by the microcontroller. As a module of the voltage converter, the micro assembly MT3608 can be used, which performs the functions of a DC voltage converter with a configurable output of up to 36 V.

Module "10. Annunciator "(Fig. 2) is a miniature sound speaker with a parallel-connected LED. The functions of this module include the task of generating light-sound warning signals when a control signal is received from the microcontroller. The KY-006 passive buzzer module can be used as a siren.

In the process of operation of the microcontroller, its software continuously analyzes the sensor reading "11. D1 "(Fig. 2), comparing it with a value from the allowable range. In addition, information is received from the 433 MHz radio module with the search for codes of external wireless gas sensors stored in the microcontroller's permanent memory (EPROM). If the sensor "11.D1" (Fig. 2) exceeds the permissible range or a signal comes from an external wireless sensor, the code of which coincides with the code stored in the ROM, the control device ("5. UU" - Fig. 1) goes into the state anxiety, which leads to the following actions:

- the microcontroller produces a control voltage, which leads to the opening of the transistor switch "14. TK2 "(Fig. 2) and the voltage received from the module" 13. PN ”to an external standard gas solenoid valve, leading to its blocking and stopping the flow of gas to the input of the module“ 4. Standard meter measurement and indication unit ”(Fig. 1), and, as a result, gas supply to the room is interrupted.

- activation of the light-sound annunciator;

- the microcontroller software prepares a text message that includes information about the event, and sends a text message to mobile numbers stored in the non-volatile memory of the microcontroller using the GSM module;

- the microcontroller dials each telephone number and waits for the connection to be established (the presence of beeps) to make sure that the alerts are delivered successfully;

- using the tcp / ip protocol, a data packet is sent that contains the alarm code, sensor number, the parameters of which are beyond the specified limits and other information.

If the sensor reading is “11. D1 "(Fig. 2) does not exceed the allowable limit, and if there are no signals from external wireless sensors, the measurement cycle is repeated. After the time interval stored in the non-volatile memory of the microcontroller, the sensor values are sent to the server using the tcp / ip protocol. This allows you to control the operability of the device on the side of an external server, register the fact of a disconnection from the device, and also conduct remote monitoring of air parameters of the human environment.

To expand the detection range of the gas composition of the air can be in addition to the sensor "11. D1 "installed sensors D2, D3, etc.

If you make a call from a mobile phone to the device’s SIM card, this leads to the following actions:

- the microcontroller reads the message "9. GSM module ”(Fig. 2) about an incoming call and highlights the phone number from which the call was made;

- the microcontroller sends in "9. GSM module ”command to reject the call;

- the microcontroller prepares and sends a text message SMS, which includes the numerical values of the sensor "11. D1 ".

When a short text message of a predetermined format is sent to the device’s SIM card or when the device receives a command from an external server using the tcp / ip protocol, the microcontroller generates a control signal for the electromagnetic valve, which closes it and stops the gas supply to the room. This allows you to remotely control the gas supply process, which additionally leads to increased security by emergency shutdown of the gas supply.

The device provides the ability to install an additional GSM module with a SIM card of a backup communication operator, while the additional module is connected in parallel with the main one and duplicates the transmission of input and output information.

It is proposed to use devices such as Btcino L4525, gas valve cut-off Kenar GV-80, gas valve Sapsan V-1 and others as an electromagnetic valve.

Claims (8)

1. The gas meter is household catastrophic, in the case of which a standard measuring and indicating unit is installed, as well as a gas-cutting device made in the form of an electromagnetic valve and installed at the input of a standard measuring and indicating unit, and a control device, which includes a microcontroller, an integrated sensor gas and wireless external gas and smoke sensors for room monitoring, transistor switches, one of which is designed to connect an integrated gas sensor to the microcontroller, mod light and sound warning ul, GSM module, 433 MHz radio reception module, designed to receive signals from wireless gas and smoke sensors and transmit to the associated microcontroller, made with the possibility of cyclic measurements with constant monitoring of the admissible values of the built-in gas signals and wireless external sensors gas and smoke and with the search for codes of wireless external gas and smoke sensors stored in the permanent memory of the microcontroller (EPROM), upon receipt of signals from them, and after time for sending signal values from these sensors to the server, and in case of exceeding the allowable limit of the readings of signal values from these sensors, ensuring a transition to an alarm state in which the microcontroller is capable of opening another transistor key, through which the electromagnetic valve is designed to close gas at the input of a standard unit of measurement and indication, and activation of the light-sound warning module, as well as sending messages to phone numbers users using the GSM module. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the data transmission module is used to connect to a mobile cellular network, which is a transceiver with a SIM card that supports the standard of a mobile cellular network GSM generation 2G and / or generation 3G and / or generation 4G or any other generation (hereinafter referred to as the GSM module) that allows you to send and receive short text messages (SMS), make and receive calls, as well as send and receive data using the tcp / ip protocol, as well as turn off the gas supply to the room when receiving a control SMS and / or tcp / ip protocol commands. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that semiconductor sensors with a sensing element based on tin dioxide or another substance are used as gas sensors, allowing to determine a wide range of gases: hydrocarbon gases and carbon monoxide. 4. The device, characterized in that it includes a wireless interface that allows you to receive a signal from external standard wireless sensors of gases and smoke via a wireless radio channel. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that in the process of operation of the device with predetermined time intervals through the mobile cellular network using the tcp / ip protocol, a data packet is sent containing sensor readings to predetermined remote servers. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that during the operation of the device is a continuous monitoring of the parameters of the gas sensor to determine when the indicators go beyond the permissible limits. 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that when the sensor readings exceed the permissible limits or when receiving a signal from wireless external sensors via a radio channel, a light and sound notification is made, automatic sending of a short text message (SMS) to predefined phone numbers, sending a packet of data to predetermined servers using the tcp / ip protocol, as well as generating a control signal to an electromagnetic gas shut-off valve that shuts off the gas supply. 8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the telephone numbers for sending SMS messages about exceeding the allowable limits of the sensors, as well as the list of server IP addresses for sending data packets via tcp / ip protocol are specified by sending an SMS of a certain format to the device’s SIM card or when receiving a data packet using tcp / ip protocol with a predefined format.

Images