RU211410U1 - HARDWARE-SOFTWARE COMPLEX FOR PREVENTION OF WATER LEAKAGES, NATURAL GAS LEAKAGES AND EXCESS OF STANDARDS OF ITS COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN PREMISES - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model is intended to improve the safety of premises with water and gas supply by automatically stopping the supply of water and (or) gas supply in case of water leaks and (or) natural gas leaks, and (or) the appearance in the air of increased concentrations of natural gas combustion products (carbon monoxide, smoke) in the premises with the issuance of individual and remote notifications. The complex can be used in residential or industrial premises with water and gas supply, preventing the catastrophic consequences of a pipeline break, as well as for preventing catastrophic situations during the operation of gas-using equipment, such as significant natural gas leaks, fires, smoke, the appearance of unacceptable concentrations of carbon monoxide and other products. combustion of natural gas.

Description

Field of technology to which the utility model belongs

The utility model is designed to improve the safety of premises with water and gas supply by automatically stopping the supply of water and (or) gas supply in case of water leaks and (or) natural gas leaks, and (or) the appearance in the air of increased concentrations of natural gas combustion products in premises with the issuance individual and remote notification.

In particular, the utility model can be used in residential or industrial premises with water and gas supply, preventing the catastrophic consequences of a pipeline rupture, as well as for preventing catastrophic situations during the operation of gas-using equipment, such as significant natural gas leaks, fires, smoke, the appearance of unacceptable concentrations of carbon monoxide. gas and other combustion products of natural gas.

State of the art

Residential and non-residential premises are very often equipped with pipeline communications, such as water and gas pipelines for supplying natural (domestic) gas. On the territory of the Russian Federation and in other countries, natural gas leaks constantly occur in such premises, leading to serious explosions and fires. People die from them, get injured and mutilated, many lose their only home. If the gas-using equipment is used improperly, life-threatening concentrations of natural gas combustion products, such as carbon monoxide, may appear in the indoor air, which leads to poisoning and death of people. At the same time, due to accidents in water supply systems and related household appliances, residential premises are regularly flooded with water, leading to significant material and non-material damage. Timely shutdown of natural gas and water supply to the premises can prevent natural gas leaks and water leaks from developing into a catastrophic situation. In the event of smoke in the room, often a sign of an incipient fire, an immediate shutdown of the natural gas supply is necessary to eliminate the most likely causes of ignition at the initial stage of the fire and significantly reduce its severity.

Widely used electrically operated pipeline valves (such as quarter-turn ball valves with electric ball valve manipulators, valves with electric actuators) can be installed on both gas supply pipelines and water supply pipelines. However, if in case of an accident the control of pipeline valves is identical both for water leaks and gas leaks (it is necessary to shut off the gas or water supply to the room as soon as possible), then in other situations (for example, during prevention), the scenarios for controlling pipeline valves are different. in gas and water supply. This must be taken into account when developing software control systems (controllers) for pipeline valves.

Currently, a wide range of devices is known that allow not only signaling, but also automatically preventing catastrophic situations during the operation of gas and water supply systems.

An automated system for monitoring water leaks and steam breakthroughs is known (RF Patent N 2684771 E03C 1/00 , F24D 19/10, F17D 5/02, publ. 04/12/2019), which contains moisture-sensitive sensors located in places of possible water leaks, a control apparatus , electrically connected to moisture sensitive sensors, and a power supply. The control apparatus includes a programmable relay and executive relays or a group of executive relays. Moisture-sensitive sensors are made on the basis of a hydrosensor cable and are independently connected to the input of the programmable relay of the control apparatus through one or two signal input devices with the possibility of combining the sensors in pairs. The programmable relay outputs are connected to an executive relay or a group of executive relays, the contacts of which are electrically connected to the process equipment control circuits.

The advantages of this system include a decrease in the number of false alarms of sensors for water leaks and steam breakthroughs, since the appearance of a leak signal occurs only when the signal comes from two moisture-sensitive sensors at once. This simultaneously leads to a decrease in the sensitivity of the system as a whole. The disadvantages of the system should also include the ability to eliminate only water leaks and steam breakthroughs, since the hydrosensor sensors used are sensitive only to water in different states of aggregation.

A known system for detecting water leaks and shutting off its supply to the room (RF Patent N 2307898 E03C 1/00, F24D 19/10, publ. 10.10.2007), which contains electromagnetic shut-off valves installed on the cold and/or hot water supply pipelines , moisture-sensitive sensors located in places of possible water leaks, a control device electrically connected to both electromagnetic valves and moisture-sensitive sensors, and a power supply connected to a 220 V power source, while the control device includes a switching unit and a indication, moisture-sensitive sensors are connected to the input of the switching unit, the first output of which is connected to the input of the indication unit, and its second output is connected to electromagnetic valves, and the power supply is connected to the indication unit and to the inputs of moisture-sensitive sensors, which are connected to each other in parallel.

The advantages of this system include the simplification of the system, which is ensured by the fact that the control apparatus includes only two blocks, namely the switching unit and the indication unit, while moisture-sensitive sensors are connected to the input of the switching unit, the first output of which is connected to the input of the indication unit, and its second output is connected to electromagnetic valves, and the power supply is connected to the display unit and to the inputs of moisture-sensitive sensors, which are connected in parallel. Simplifies the system and the fact that the moisture-sensitive sensors are made in the form of a plastic prism with contacts made of conductive material.

The disadvantages of the system include the ability to eliminate only water leaks and the insensitivity of the system to natural gas leaks.

A device for remote monitoring of the operation of gas equipment and domestic gas leaks in apartment buildings is known (RF Patent N 2486595 G08B 17/10, publ. 06/27/2013), which contains gas appliances, gas meters, gas sensors, volumetric air flow, oxygen and differential amplifiers, comparators, digital-to-analog converters, setters for the minimum value of the volumetric air flow, setter for the value of the allowable unbalance, gas flow adder, time delay units, gas cut-off valves, "OR" elements, a cellular communication modem and apartment radio modems with a set of information inputs and exits. The device allows you to remotely analyze the operation of gas equipment and determine gas leaks.

The advantages of this device include increasing the safety of natural gas use in apartment buildings by continuous remote monitoring of gas flow balances, leaks and combustion products with automatic or remote shutdown of gas supply in the event of unacceptable disturbances in the operation of gas equipment. The disadvantages of the device include insufficient functionality due to the inability to use wireless sensors for gas, smoke and products of their combustion, as well as the inability of the system to prevent catastrophic consequences when water leaks.

A known system for monitoring the flow and leakage of household gas in apartment buildings (Patent RF N 2414003 G08B 17/10, G08B 25/00 publ. gas, logical elements "OR", apartment block for comparing the level of gas contamination with an acceptable value, apartment source of reference voltage of the level of permissible gas contamination, apartment impulse counter, apartment frequency converter of pulses to an analog signal, access gas pollution sensor, access gas flow meter with pulse output, entrance gas supply cut-off valve, access block for comparing the level of gas contamination with the permissible value, access source of reference voltage of the level of permissible gas contamination, access counter of pulses, access converter of the frequency of pulses to an analog signal, adder of the total gas contamination of the entrance, block for comparing the level of total gas content with an acceptable value, a reference voltage source of the total gas contamination level, an imbalance adder, an unbalance module selection unit, a unit for estimating the current imbalance of gas consumption in the entrance, a reference voltage source of the permissible imbalance level, a cellular communication modem, an apartment signaling unit, an apartment light signaling device, an apartment sound a signaling device, generators, keys, delay lines, an access signaling unit, an access light signaling device, an approaching sound signaling device, a house generator, an adder, a master generator, a phase manipulator, a power amplifier and a transmitting antenna. The panoramic receiver contains a receiving antenna, a high-frequency amplifier, a search unit, a local oscillator, a mixer, an intermediate frequency amplifier, an FM signal detector, analyzers and a spectrum, a phase doubler, a comparison unit, a threshold unit, a delay line, a key, narrow-band filters, a phase divider by two, phase detector, registration and analysis unit.

The advantages of this system include the use of light and sound alarms both in individual apartments and in the entrances as a whole, as well as an increase in the reliability and reliability of the transmission of alarm information to the operational dispatch service through the use of a radio channel and complex signals with phase shift keying.

The disadvantages of the system include the possibility of eliminating only natural gas leaks and the insensitivity of the system to water leaks.

A known system for ensuring the safety of an apartment building from leaks of household gas (RF Patent N 2704537 G08B 17/00, G08B 17/10, publ. 10/29/2019), which contains a control panel of the security system connected to the general house electrical network via cables, gas sensors and radio modems installed in apartments, in the attic, in the entrance and in the basement of an apartment building, and gas sensors and radio modems are combined into terminal devices and are made in a single housing, terminal devices are combined into a single communication network based on IoT technology and connected to the system control panel security.

The advantages of this system include ease of installation, tk. no additional power and signal wires required; for signal transmission, modern specialized data transmission systems for telemetry devices with low traffic volumes are used, providing flexible control of device power consumption, large network capacity; the presence of power elements of the system allows for autonomous operation, combining the functions of monitoring, control, response and utilization of gas within one automated system.

The disadvantages of the system include the possibility of eliminating only natural gas leaks and the insensitivity of the system to water leaks.

Closest to the described is a device for warning and preventing gas leaks with temperature and humidity compensation (RF Patent for utility model N 205700 G08B 17/10, publ. 07/29/2021), containing: a control device, a metal oxide gas sensor, a transistor switch, a power supply , temperature sensor, humidity sensor, light and sound annunciator, transceiver, gas stop valve control module.

The disadvantages of the system include the possibility of eliminating only natural gas leaks and the insensitivity of the system to water leaks.

Disclosure of the essence of the utility model

The objective of the utility model is to improve the safety of premises with piped water and gas supply.

The technical result consists in reducing the likelihood of natural gas leaks, combustion products and water leaks in a catastrophic situation (such as natural gas explosion, fire, poisoning with natural gas and its combustion products, flooding of premises with water) during the operation of premises with piped water supply and gas supply.

The essence of the utility model is that in a device containing a control device, a metal oxide gas sensor, a transistor switch, a power supply unit with an uninterruptible power supply, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a light and sound annunciator, a transceiver, a stop valve control module, while the power supply provides supply voltage to active electronic devices, the measuring output of the metal oxide gas sensor is connected to the analog input of the control device, and the heating input of the metal oxide gas sensor is connected to the output of the transistor switch, and the control device provides registration of the indicators of the humidity sensor and the temperature sensor, as well as the formation of a pulse-width modulation for a transistor key with a given modulation factor, while the control device provides a control effect on the shut-off valve control module, activation of a light and sound alert, remote notification of the user By activating the transceiver, which is connected via a radio channel to the Internet module for remote communication with the user via the Internet, two additional output channels are additionally introduced at the stop valve control module, to which stop valves 1 and stop valves N are connected, water leakage sensors are wired, which are parallel to wires connected to the digital input of the control device, a timer connected to the control device via input-output buses, a keyboard connected to the input of the control device, a memory device connected to the control device via input-output buses, wireless water leakage sensors connected by a radio channel to the transceiver , gas and fire sensors, wireless, connected by a radio channel with a transceiver.

The hardware-software complex includes: wired water leakage sensors DPVP (1), timer (2), keyboard (3), memory storage device (4), air humidity sensor DV (5), metal oxide gas sensor MOD (6), control device UU (7), temperature sensor DT (8), transistor switch TK (9), transceiver PP (10), wireless water leakage sensors DPVB (11), gas sensors (wireless hydrocarbon gas sensor, wireless carbon monoxide sensor) and fire-fighting wireless (smoke detectors) DGPB (12), power supply unit BP (13), light and sound annunciator (indication) SZO (14), stop valve control module MUA (15), stop valve 1 ZA1 (16), stop valve N ZAN ( 17), uninterruptible power supply UPS (18), Internet module IM (19).

The power supply unit provides power supply to the active electronic devices of the complex. The uninterruptible power supply contains a battery and serves to provide power to the complex in case of power failures. The measuring output of the metal oxide gas sensor MOD is connected to the analog input of the control device CU, and the input of the heating element is connected to the output of the transistor switch TK. Thus, when pulse-width modulation (PWM) is applied by the control device to the transistor key, the temperature of the heating element is regulated depending on the PWM modulation coefficient. The CU control device provides registration of indicators of the humidity sensor DV, temperature sensor DT, as well as the formation of PWM modulation for the transistor switch TK with a given modulation coefficient. This technique increases the reliability of metal oxide sensors and improves the accuracy of their readings.

Also wired DPVP water leakage sensors are connected in parallel to the control unit of the control unit to a separate digital input. Thus, when registering water leakage with wire sensors, the control unit of the control unit will receive a signal at its corresponding input.

In addition, the CU control device provides control actions to the MUA stop valve control module by sending commands to open and close one of the ZA1 or ZAN stop valves, which play the role of actuators. In this block diagram, only two channels are shown for the actuators ZA1 and ZAN, because it is assumed that one shut-off valve controls the gas supply, and the other controls the water supply, i.e. contains the functionality of controlling gas supply or water supply, respectively. However, the final number of channels is limited only by the design of the complex, in addition, stop valves of the same type in terms of functionality can be connected to one channel in parallel (for example, to control cold and hot water, or several water risers in a room). The type of functionality of a specific actuator ZA1 and ZAN (gas supply or water supply control) is stored in the memory storage device and can be configured at the stage of complex configuration using the keyboard. Also, the memory storage device stores information about the current state of the actuator (“open”, “closed”).

The light and sound annunciator is controlled by the control unit of the control unit and acts as a local means of outputting information when configuring the complex and as an annunciator in case of emergency situations, such as water or gas leakage.

The PP transceiver is designed to transmit control signals from the CU to the radio network, as well as to receive radio signals from the IM Internet module, a network of wireless gas leak sensors and fire sensors DGPB or water leakage DPVB, and transmit these signals to the CU.

Structurally, wireless sensors for gas leakage, smoke or water leakage are designed so that when a certain event occurs (gas leakage or water leakage, depending on the type of sensor), a unique code of the sensor is transmitted on the air. The code of the sensor with which the complex works, its type is set at the stage of configuring the complex by forcibly triggering the sensor (for this, the sensor has special buttons or contacts that must be closed) with a certain keypad button pressed. The code of the sensor, its type are stored in the storage device of the memory and this information is used by the control unit of the control unit to decide on the necessary actions (which of the locking devices to close ZA1 or ZAN) in the event of a gas leak (fire, smoke, excess carbon monoxide concentration) or water leakage.

Similarly, the reaction of the complex to the control codes from the IM Internet module is configured, which leads to the ability to remotely control the gas and water supply of the premises.

Thus, the control unit, having received a signal from the wireless sensor, identifies it either as a sensor for closing a water shut-off valve, or as a sensor for closing a gas shut-off valve. What type of shut-off valves ZA1 or ZAN is responsible for gas supply, and which type for water supply is determined by the control unit according to data from the memory storage device. This approach significantly improves the functionality of the system and the reliability of premises protection, allowing the use of a wide range of sensors that differ in their functional purpose, but operate using the same wireless protocol.

Also, information about gas leakage in the control unit can come from the metal oxide sensor MOD, and information about water leakage from the wired water leakage sensors of the DPVP. The type of wired sensor is determined by the corresponding input of the CU to which it is connected. Wired sensors have advantages and disadvantages over wireless sensors. The main disadvantage is that it is necessary to lay wires around the room to wired sensors. The main advantages are that wired sensors are simpler in design and, as a rule, significantly less power-consuming than wireless sensors.

One of the problems affecting the reliability of the operation of shut-off valves that control water supply is the phenomenon of “souring” of taps, i.e. when solid salts are deposited on the moving parts of the tap in the aquatic environment, preventing the process of closing normally open taps. One of the simplest and most effective methods of combating this effect is the prevention of taps, i.e. single repetitions of the process of closing and opening valves with a frequency of at least once every few weeks. Gas shut-off valves are less susceptible to this negative effect. In addition, there are gas appliances with constantly burning spark plugs, which require an uninterrupted gas supply and shutting off the gas supply even for a short period of time every few weeks is unacceptable for it and can lead to gas leaks. To carry out the prevention of water supply shut-off valves, a timer is used, upon overflow of which the control device CU resets it, then, according to the data of the memory device, it determines the channel for connecting the shut-off valves for water supply and, using the control module for the shut-off valves MUA, performs a sequence of operations “close” - “” in the corresponding channel open" if the stop valve in this channel is in the "open" position. If the shut-off valves connected in a certain channel have the “gas supply” type set in the memory, then automatic maintenance is not carried out in such a channel.

Brief description of the drawings

In FIG. 1 shows the block diagram of the complex.

Implementation of the utility model

The hardware-software complex consists of a housing with a printed circuit board placed in it. In this case, the CU control device can be implemented on an ATMEGA168P microcontroller or similar with an appropriate program that implements the CU functions. Also, all microcontrollers of the ATMEGA family have a timer, on the basis of which it is possible to develop a complex timer, as well as a reprogrammable EEPROM memory, on the basis of which it is possible to make a complex memory. The keyboard of the complex is made in the form of tact buttons and can be connected to the input-output ports of the microcontroller. The output of the MOD sensor is connected to the microcontroller to an analog input, which can be any general-purpose input-output port (GPIO). A commercially available metal oxide gas sensor based on tin dioxide, such as MQ2 or similar, can be used as the MOD sensor. A MOS transistor, for example, an IRML2502 transistor, can be used as a TC transistor key. The industrial-produced HTU21D microassembly, which is an integrated temperature sensor and humidity sensor, can be used as a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor. This microassembly interacts with the microcontroller through the I2C interface. The PP transceiver is implemented in the form of 433MHz WL101-341 modules, or using ZIGBEE or ZWAVE modules. The Internet module can be based on 433MHz WL101-341 modules, or using ZIGBEE or ZWAVE modules in conjunction with a WIFI module based on a chip like ESP8266.

The light and sound warning module can be made in the form of a BUZZER HYDZ microassembly for giving a sound signal and an LED as a light warning. The MUA stop valve control module can be made using an H-bridge based on the L293D chip.

Shut-off valves ZA1 and ZAN can be made in the form of ball quarter-turn valves with electric ball valve manipulators or valves with electric drives.

Wired water leakage sensors DPVP can be made in the form of a plastic case with two electrodes on the bottom surface and connected to the digital input-output port of the microcontroller through a pull-up resistor.

Wireless water leakage sensors DPVB can be made in the form of a plastic case with two electrodes on the bottom surface with its own microcontroller with memory for storing a unique identifier code, a battery, and a 433 MHz WL101-341 transmitter, or using ZIGBEE or ZWAVE modules for communication.

Gas sensors and fire-fighting wireless DGPB can be made in the form of a plastic case with its own sensitive element in the form of a natural gas sensor, carbon monoxide sensor, smoke or fire sensor, depending on the purpose, with its own microcontroller with memory for storing a unique identifier code, power supply and a 433MHz WL101-341 transmitter, or using ZIGBEE or ZWAVE modules for communication.

A standard power supply with an output voltage of 5 V and a maximum output current of 2.1 A can be selected as a PSU power supply.

An uninterruptible power supply can be a lithium-ion battery with a charge and discharge circuit that protects the battery from adverse operating modes, such as overcharging, deep discharge, as well as monitoring the charge and discharge currents of the battery.

Claims (2)

1. A hardware-software complex for preventing water leaks, natural gas leaks and exceeding the norms of its combustion products in rooms, containing a control device, a transistor switch, a power supply unit, an uninterruptible power supply, a light and sound annunciator, a transceiver, a stop valve control module, while an uninterruptible power supply power supply is connected to the input of the power supply, and the power supply provides power supply to active electronic devices, the control device is configured to register indicators of wireless gas and fire sensors, metal oxide gas sensors, humidity and temperature sensors, while the analog input of the control device is configured to connection to the measuring output of the metal oxide gas sensor, and the output of the transistor switch to the heating input of the metal oxide gas sensor, and the control device also provides the formation of pulse-width modulation for the transistor th key with a given modulation factor, while the control device provides a control effect on the valve control module, activation of light and sound alerts, remote notification of the user by activating the transceiver, which is configured to connect via radio to the Internet module for remote communication with the user via the Internet, characterized in that two output channels are additionally introduced at the shutoff valve control module, made with the ability to connect to shutoff valve 1 and shutoff valve N, a storage device connected via input-output buses to the control device, the digital input of the control device is made with the possibility of a wired parallel connection to water leakage sensors, the radio channel of the transceiver is configured to receive signals from wireless water leakage sensors, gas and fire sensors, and the memory device stores individual numbers (identification tori) of wireless sensors, divided during the initial setup of the hardware-software complex into functional groups of gas sensors and water leakage sensors, which allows the control device to activate the shut-off valves corresponding to the functional group of the triggered wireless sensor. 2. A hardware-software complex for preventing water leaks, natural gas leaks and exceeding the norms of its combustion products in the premises according to claim 1, characterized in that it additionally includes a timer connected to the control device, which allows you to measure time intervals for the control device in order to the control device generates prevention signals for shutoff valves based on the information stored in the storage device.

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