RU2697376C1 - Pig holding pen - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture and is intended for pig breeding at pig farms. Pen for keeping pigs includes partitions, gate, feeder, drinking bowl, manure removal system, rest zones, feeding, drinking and defecation area with grating, which is separated from other areas by an opaque partition. There are passages provided between areas of feeding, recreation and defecation, and their width is not less than twice the animal width. Solid opaque partitions separating the defecation area from the rest and feeding zones, over the length of not less than the length of the animals, and the height of all partitions and the gate of the pen is also not less than the length of the animal. Maximum area of defecation area is determined by formula S=n*q*T/h, where n is number of animals in a pen; qis the amount of manure from one animal; T=1 day – period of animal's maintenance; his tray depth. Manure removal system tray is made in the form of truncated trapezium in cross section with ratio of bottom D and upper A bases Y=D/A=0.5/1 at angle of inclination of side walls in 35°. At that, mediated capacity of trays Vof manure removal system is determined by formula V=h*L*1.5*(L+B)*0.5, where Lis pen length; A and D are large and small trapezoid bases; Llength of animal; Bis width of animal. Area of the grid floor above the tray is determined by formula S=L*(L+B), where Sis an area of defecation; L– defecation area length equal to pen length L=L. Defecation area width is determined by formula B=(L+BFloors of passes between zones of feeding and rest are made at one level, but below levels of floors of these zones, and floor of defecation area is stepped lower than floors of passages in a pen.EFFECT: invention provides optimum recreation, feeding, drinking and defecation in any type of animal group pens.1 cl, 2 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and is intended for growing pigs in pig farms.

A device “Modular pig farm” is known for utility model No. 122241 AO1K 1/00, including isolated intersectional partitions with manholes in the section with machines for suckling uterus with suckling pigs, for piglets for growing and fattening, the lengths of which are determined by the formula L _ci = S _cti / b _i , where S _cti is the area of the i-th machine; b _i is the width of the machine of the i-th technological group (i = 1, 2, 3); equipped with technological equipment, gates, and technological passages, while the number of machines in each section is different, and they are made with the possibility of both enlargement and disaggregation in capacity while maintaining the normative area for keeping piglets, and hinged on the walls of technological passages opposite each other constipation with the possibility of mounting on them portable partitions and gates of machine tools that block part of the technological passage opposite the manhole. The area of the grating for manure removal is determined by the formula

S _pH = K _pH × S _c / p,

where b _pH - the width of the grating, L _pH = L _{c the} length of the grating, equal to the length of the machine; To _{pH the} coefficient of lattice equal to To _pH = (0.1-0.5); p - the number of times the removal of manure for the period of keeping animals at this stage.

The number of isolated sections is equal to the number of phases of the technology for keeping pigs.

Machines in the suction section are placed in a row with the passage for maintenance.

As parting gates of the machines, portable partitions with the possibility of attaching to the hinge locks on both sides are used.

The hinged locks of the guiding portable partitions are made in the form of bushings and pins.

The disadvantages of the known device are as follows.

1. The machines of the modular pig farm do not have rest and defecation areas.

2. To determine the overall dimensions of the grating floor, it is necessary to know the grating coefficient, which must be determined by calculations.

3. Since the defecation zone is not fenced off from the den, the pollution from random defecation will be throughout the entire area of the machine.

4. Even with the device of the floor in the den of the machine with a slope towards the defecation zone, it does not exclude the removal of particles of manure with the feet of piglets on the floor of the den.

The closest analogue is a pig keeping machine according to RF patent No. 2431250 А01К 1/02, including partitions, a wicket, a feeder, a drinking bowl, a system for removing manure and the corresponding recreation, feeding, watering, and bowel movements, which is separated from the rest of the zones opaque septum. Between the zones of feeding, rest and defecation are passages, the width of each of which is at least two sizes of the width of the animals.

In this case, continuous opaque partitions separating the defecation zone from the rest and feeding zones are not less than the length of the animal along the length, and the height of all partitions and the machine gate is not less than the length of the animal. Moreover, the minimum area of the defecation zone is determined by the formula

S _rear ^min = B _c * (3-4) * The _Well, and the maximum

S _rear ^max = n * q _{n *} T _pl ,

and their ratios are multiples of each other -

P = S _rear ^max / S _rear ^min

where n is the number of animals in the machine;

q _n - the amount of manure from one animal;

- T - the term of the animal;

- h _l - the depth of the tray; p is the number of fill-emptying of the tray;

- In _with - the size of the side of the machine;

- _W - the width of the animal.

The disadvantages of the closest analogue are the following.

1. Dimensions of the minimum area defined by the formula S = B _zd ^min _c * (3-4) * _w In sows do not allow to unfold in the area after defecation use drinker. The length of the sows is 196 cm and its width is 34 cm. The same is for 134 cm and 26 cm for the fattening livestock at 6 months old and 104 cm and 20 cm for weaned piglets at the age of 4 months.

2. There are no concrete decisions on the floors in the defecation zone and in the den, especially at the junction of the passage from the den of the machine and the defecation zone.

3. Even with the device of the floor in the den of the machine with a bias towards the defecation zone, it does not prevent the removal of particles of manure by the feet of piglets on the floor of the den.

The objective of the invention is the formation of optimal areas of rest, feeding, watering and defecation in any type of machine tools group animals.

The problem is solved due to the fact that in the machine for keeping pigs, including partitions, a wicket, a feeder, a drinker, a system for removing manure and the corresponding recreation, feeding, watering and defecation areas with trellised flooring, which is separated from other zones by an opaque partition, between feeding, resting and bowel movements are located passageways, the width of each of which is not less than two sizes of the width of the animals, while solid opaque partitions separating the bowel movement from the rest and feeding zones are not less than the length of the animal, and the height of all partitions and the gate of the machine is not less than the length of the animal, and the maximum area of the defecation zone of the machines is determined by the formula

Where:

n is the number of animals in the machine; - q _n - the amount of manure from one animal per day; - T-1 day - the term of the animal; - h _l - the depth of the tray.

The tray of the manure removal system is made in the form of a truncated trapezoid in cross section, with a ratio of lower D and upper A bases

at an angle of inclination of the side walls of 35 degrees, while the indirect capacity of the trays V _rear system of manure removal is determined by the formula

Where:

L _c is the length of the machine; L _{W the} length of the animal; _W - the width of the animal.

The area of the grating over the tray is determined by the formula

where - S _health - the area of the defecation zone; - L _rear - the length of the defecation zone, equal to the length of the machine

and the width of the bowel movement

At the same time, the floors of the aisles between the feeding and resting zones are made at the same level, but lower than the floor levels of these zones, and the floor of the defecation zone is stepwise lower than the floor of the aisles in the machine.

New significant features are the following:

1. The tray of the manure removal system is made in the form of a trapezoid truncated in cross section with a ratio of lower D and upper A bases,

V = D / A = 0.5 / 1

2. The angle of slope of the side walls of the tray is 35 degrees;

3. The capacity of the trays of the manure removal system is determined by the formula

_Vdl = h _L * L _L * 1.5 * (L _W + B _W ) * 0.5;

;Where:

machine length L _c : equal to the length of the defecation zone L _c = L _rear; ; L _{W the} length of the animal; _W - the width of the animal; L _l - the length of the tray; h _l - the depth of the tray.

4. The width of defecation zone B _zd is the sum of length L and width B _{w w} The animal _zd = L _w + B _w

5. The area of the grating over the tray for removing manure is determined by the formula

S _zd = L _zd * V _zd = L _c (L _w + _{W w} ).

6. The floors of the aisles between the feeding and resting zones are at the same level, but lower than the floor levels of these zones, and the floor of the defecation zone is stepwise lower than the floor of the aisles in the machine.

The listed new essential features in combination with the known ones are necessary and sufficient to achieve technical results in all cases. to which the requested scope of legal protection applies.

The technical result is as follows.

1. Using formulas to determine the area of the defecation zone and the capacity of the trays of the manure removal system, you can practically optimize the size of the defecation zone and determine the capacity of the trays for adult sows, feed stocks and weaned piglets, which differ significantly in the specific yield of manure.

2. At the same time, the dimensions of the upper base of the tray A of the truncated trapezoid are determined by the size of the animals _Bsp = (L _W + B _W ), and the bottom in the form of the ratio D / A = 0.5: 1; which is typical for the sides of the tray with a slope angle of 35 degrees.

3. A slope angle of 35 degrees is critical with a relative manure humidity of 78%. For such manure critical stickiness is characteristic.

4. The dimensions of the machines and defecation zones are set in advance based on the size of the animals. Therefore, there is no need to determine the lattice coefficients of the floor of the defecation zone.

5. The watering zone of pigs in the form of a lattice partition between adjacent machines with a drinking bowl installed on it allows you to visually contact between pigs of adjacent machines, including and while drinking.

6. The watering zone of pigs is combined with the defecation zone. The visual contact of pigs, the use of drinking bowls and the combination of drinking and defecation zones stimulate the marking of the territory of these zones.

7. The stepwise height at the border of the den and defecation area allows the animals to take their legs off the floor during transitions to overcome the steps. At the same time, particles and drops of manure are fed from the legs of the animals at the border of the den and defecation zone, which improves the sanitary and hygienic condition in the machine.

8. The floor level of the aisles between the rest and feeding zones below the floor level of these zones orient the animals relative to the zones themselves. The feeding zone is determined by the feeder, and the resting area is the convenience of lying on an elevated platform, protected from 2 sides by a partition and the side wall of the machine and free, well-visible space to the other side wall of the machine.

The use of passages between zones will always be unsuccessful due to the movement of other animals along them.

9. The floor level in the tray is horizontal. This allows you to remain stationary when the manure accumulated in the tray is stratified. Manure layers in the tray will not move under the influence of stickiness and flow friction coefficients.

The list of drawings:

- FIG. 1 - machine for group keeping pigs in plan

- FIG. 2 is a section BB of FIG. one

The machine for keeping pigs (Fig. 1) consists of external partitions 1, a gate 2, a feeding zone 3 with a group feeder 4, passages 5 and 6, a rest zone 7 and a defecation zone 8, the floor of which is made of trellised flooring 9. Defecation zone 8 combined with the area of drinking pigs. The drinking bowl 10 is installed on the lattice partition 11. This partition is designed for visual contact with animals of a neighboring machine, not conventionally shown. Defecation zone 8 is fenced off from the rest zone 7 by an opaque partition 12. The width of the defecation zone 8 is the sum of the length L _w and the width of the animal _{W w} : _{H o} = (L _w + _{W w} ), and the length of the defecation zone 8 is not less than the length of the animal L _w . Rest zone 7 is located near the opaque septum 12, and feeding zone 3 is near the trough 4. The width of these zones is equal to the length of the animals, and the length is equal to the length of the partition 12.

The floor of the defecation zone 8 below the floor of the passage 5 to the step 13 (Fig. 2). The height of the step is 5-10 cm, depending on the age of the animals. The width of the floor of the defecation zone 8 is equal to the dimension A - the upper base of the truncated trapezoid. The side walls of the 15 trays are made at an angle of natural slope of manure with a relative humidity of 78%, 35 degrees, and the size of the smaller base D is 0.5 A. The depth of the tray is h _l , and the angles of inclination of the side walls of the tray are determined from the choice of the angle of repose of 35 degrees.

The floor of the defecation zone is horizontal. The tray is connected to the pipe 16 through a tee 17, which is equipped with a sealed plug 18.

1. An example of the operation of a feed mill machine.

1.1. Moving and placing piglets in the machine

For fattening, the piglets enter the machine 1 (Fig. 1) through the gate 2 along the passage 5. Inside the machine, part of the piglets can pass into the feeding zone 3 and eat food from the feeder 4, the other part of the piglets through the passage 6 can go to the rest zone 7, and the remaining piglets through passage 5 can pass into defecation zone 8 and drink water from the drinking bowl 10. When distributing part of the piglets along the movement zones of the remaining piglets along the aisles 5 and 6, it occurs without interference, since the sizes of feeding zones 3 and rest zone 7 correspond to the sizes of piglets. The width of these zones is equal to the length of the piglets, and in the defecation zone, the width of this zone is greater than the length of the piglets by the width of one piglet. This is necessary due to the fact that after drinking water from the drinking bowl 10 when turning the piglet to move in the defecation zone in the opposite direction. Since the flexibility of the body of piglets is practically absent, the width of the defecation zone should be provided for more than the length of the piglet by a thickness of one. The floor of the defecation zone 8 is made of gratings 9. When drinking water from the drinking bowl 10 or when the pig is in the defecation zone 8, there will be a visual contact through the grating partition 11 with piglets from a neighboring machine (not conditionally shown in Figs. 1 and 2).

1.2. To bring the tray of the manure removal system into operational condition, it is necessary to close the pipe 17 with a sealed stopper 18 and pour water into the tray, creating a water "cushion", at the rate of 1.5 kg of water per 1 goal.

When piglets are in the defecation zone 8, the manure excreted by the animals falls through the grating 9, which is also the large Base A of the trapezoidal tray, and enters the tray bounded by the bottom, which is the smaller base D of the trapezoid. The side walls 15 of the trapezoidal tray are inclined to the horizontal surface at an angle of 35 degrees of repose of pig manure with a relative humidity of 78%. The bottom of the tray D and its grating 9 in the form of a large base A of the trapezoid are located at a distance h _l , which is the depth of the tray. The ratio of the smaller base D to the larger base A is determined by the formula Y = D / A) and is 0.5: 1.0.

According to the formula (3), the capacity of the trays for pregnant sows, fattening pigs and weaned piglets at the age of 90 and 120 days was calculated.

When moving piglets on trellised flooring 9, they push manure through the large base of trapezium A. Particles of manure fall into the water "cushion" and remain afloat. The water cushion does not allow manure to stick to the bottom of the tray D, since it is distributed throughout the bottom of the tray D.

To completely fill the trays with manure with pre-poured water to create a water “pillow”, a period of 30 to 66 days will be required (table 1).

To comply with sanitary and hygienic rules, the trays should be emptied after 12 days. During this period, larvae of flies grow wings.

When performing the bottom of the tray with a slope, part of the bottom will be without a water "cushion" to which the manure will stick. As the tray is filled with manure, water from the water pad will flow in the direction of the slope of the bottom of the tray.

With the horizontal bottom of the tray D, the incoming manure remains afloat on the water "cushion". With prolonged accumulation of manure in the tray, stratification of manure is possible. But since this stratification of manure will occur along the entire length of the tray, there will be no horizontal movement. Only mixing processes are possible, since when particles of manure fall into the tray, they will be dipped into a water cushion and wetted even more, and then float.

After filling the tray with manure, an airtight stopper 19 opens. All accumulated manure slides along the water cushion to the drain hole (pipe 18), is poured into the pipe 17 and transported by gravity outside the machine (pigsty).

At the exit of the piglets from the defecation zone 8 along the passage 6 on the step 13, the pigs raise their legs, from which particles of manure flow down. For the fattening livestock and pregnant sows, the step height can be 8-10 cm, and for weaned piglets no more than 5 cm.

1.3. Determination of the amount of manure

The amount of manure V _n in the tray of the removal system under the defecation zone of one machine is determined by the formula

Where:

n is the number of animals in the machine, goal; q _n - the amount of manure from one animal, kg / day; T-1 day - the term of the animal; h _l - the depth of the tray, m

The capacity of manure V _rear in the tray of the removal system under the defecation zone of one machine is determined by the formulas taking into account the angle of inclination of the side walls of the tray, for example, at 35 degrees, the ratio of the smaller base D to the larger A is

Then, to determine the capacity of the tray of the manure removal system, use the formula (3)

At the same time, the area of the grating over the tray is determined by the formula (4)

where - S _health - the area of the defecation zone; - L _{c the} length of the machine is equal to the length of the defecation zone

The width of the defecation zone is equal to the sum of the length of the animal L _W and the width of one animal

These sizes are set through the sizes of animals. This width of the defecation zone allows animals to unfold unhindered to move in the opposite direction. The number of filling-emptying "r" of the trays of the manure removal system is determined by the formula

The ratio of the accumulated in the manure tray V _n and the capacity of these trays V _health will allow to determine the number of filling-emptying trays according to the formula (8).

Through the number of fillings and emptying of the trays, the filling capacity and capacity of the tray of the manure removal system is regulated.

When the angles of the side walls of 35 degrees in the machine 4 × 4.4 m, the capacity of the trays is:

- for pregnant queens in the machine 7 × 5 m is - 6.05 m ³ ;

- for feed pigs in the machine 4 × 4.4 m amounted to - 2.4 m ³ ;

- for weaned piglets in the machine 2.8 × 3 m at the age of 90 days is 1.26 m ³ and at the age of 120 days. - 1.88 m ³ .

The duration of filling the trays with manure is:

- for pregnant women - 65.8 days;

- for feed pigs - 30 days;

- for weaned piglets at the age of 90 days. - 38.2 days and at the age of 120 days. - 48.2 days

If the accumulation of manure in the trays of the manure removal system is 12 days, the number of emptied trays will be equal to:

- for pregnant sows of the 2nd period - 5-6 times;

- for fattening pigs - 2.5-3:

- for weaned piglets at the age of 90 days - 2.5-3 times and at the age of 120 days - 4 times.

Claims (10)

A machine for keeping pigs, including partitions, a wicket, a feeding trough, a drinking bowl, a system for removing manure, rest areas, feeding, watering and a defecation zone with trellised flooring, which is separated from other zones by an opaque partition, and there are passages between the feeding, resting and defecation zones, the width of each of which is at least two sizes of the width of the animals, while the solid opaque partitions separating the defecation zone from the rest and feeding areas are no less than the length of the animals, and the height of all partitions and gates is NCA is also not less than the length of the animal, wherein the defecating maximum area of the zone defined by the formula S _n = n * q * T / h _L where: n is the number of animals in the machine; q _n - the amount of manure from one animal; T = 1 day - the term of the animal; h _l - the depth of the tray, characterized in that the tray of the manure removal system is made in the form of a truncated trapezoid in cross section with the ratio of the lower D and upper A bases Y = D / A = 0.5 / 1 at an angle of inclination of the side walls of 35 degrees, while the indirect capacity of the trays V _the health of the manure removal system is determined by the formula V _health = h _l * L _s * 1.5 * (L _f + B _f ) * 0.5, where: L _with - the length of the machine; A and D are the large and small bases of the trapezoid; L _W - the length of the animal; _W - the width of the animal, and the area of the grating over the tray is determined by the formula S _Zd = L _Zd * (L _W + _{W W} ), where S _ZD - the area of the defecation zone; L _h - the length of the defecation zone, equal to the length of the machine L _c = L _h , and the width of the defecation zone is determined by the formula B _h = (L _W + _{H W)} , while the floors of the aisles between the zones of feeding and rest are made at the same level, but lower floor levels of these zones, and the floor of the defecation zone is stepwise lower than the floor of the aisles in the machine.

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