RU2695108C1 - High-voltage electrostatic generator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the electrical equipment. Technical result is achieved by the fact that the drive is made in the form of an automatically connected to the ground automatic firearm, which barrel is directed into the hole of the spherical electrode, metal transport elements are made in the form of bullets fired from firearms, and the electric charge receiver is made in the form of electroconductive bullet trap. Proposed generator provides increasing of insulating gap under voltage by at least 50 times in comparison with prototype, which proportionally increases its electric strength.

EFFECT: invention is aimed at simplifying the design of a high-voltage electrostatic generator and improving its electrical strength at specified dimensions.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of obtaining high constant electric voltages and can be used in experimental studies, when testing equipment samples for resistance to the effects of an electromagnetic pulse, mainly in accelerator technology.

A device for communicating a positive electric potential to a metal electrode is known [1]. The device is a sample of a radioactive drug located on the electrode and emitting β-particles (electrons) as a result of nuclear decay. As a result of the constant departure of the emitted electrons from the electrode, it acquires the opposite of electrons, that is, a positive charge, and hence the potential relative to the surrounding objects. The disadvantages of the device are the need to use a radioactive drug and the limit in the amount of potential achieved, determined by the energy of the emitted electrons.

There is a device for obtaining a high DC electrical voltage containing a step-up transformer consisting of at least two windings on a common magnetic core and a semiconductor rectifier [2]. The disadvantage of this device is the difficulty of obtaining high (more than 1 MB) voltage, due to the need to have in close proximity to each other and from the magnetic core two windings, one of which is on average at zero potential, and the second under high voltage. This places very high demands on the insulation quality of the high-voltage winding and, as a result, on the unreasonably large size of the transformer. Another disadvantage of the device is the need for serial connection of a large number of semiconductor diodes in the rectifier, which reduces the reliability of the device.

The technical solution closest to the claimed generator is a high-voltage electrostatic generator containing a hollow spherical electrode mounted on a dielectric rack with an opening in the surface electrically connected to the electrode receiver of an electric charge located inside the electrode, a set of insulated metal transport elements charge to transport elements located at a distance outside the spherical electrode, ensuring echivayuschem absence of electrical breakdown between the electrode and the inductor, a DC voltage source connected to one pole of the inductor and the second pole to ground, and a mechanical actuator which provides continuously moving metal elements from the inductor to the receiver of electric charge [3].

In the known device, the transport metal elements are connected in series with each other by means of polymer insulating links, forming a closed circuit stretched over two pulleys. Pulleys form a mechanical drive. One of the pulleys is leading, driven by the engine and located near the inductor. The driven pulley is located inside the spherical electrode near the receiver of the electric charge. The disadvantage of this device is the need to maintain a high degree of resistance to the formation of dust on the surfaces of insulating chain links [4]. This is necessary to ensure sufficient electrical strength of the system. Since all elements of the circuit are in motion and constantly experience friction against the elements of the drive, providing the required level of cleanliness of the insulating links presents a certain technical problem. In addition, the alternation of insulating units with conductive transport elements in the circuit, located between the inductor and the high-voltage electrode, reduces the effective insulating distance between these objects, which reduces the electrical strength of the system for a given size.

The proposed solution is aimed at simplifying the design of the generator and increasing its electric strength for a given size. The technical result is achieved in that the drive is made in the form of an automatic firearm electrically connected to the ground, the barrel of which is directed into the hole of the spherical electrode, the metal transport elements are made in the form of bullets fired from the firearm, and the receiver of the electric charge is made in the form of an electrically conductive bullet trap.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of the proposed generator. On the image numbers are indicated:

1 - hollow spherical electrode;

2 - a hole in the surface of the electrode;

3 - dielectric stand;

4 - constant voltage source;

5 - inductor;

6 - automatic firearms;

7 - a bullet fired from a weapon;

8 - electrically conductive bullet catcher;

9 - the trajectory of the bullet.

The generator operates as follows. A bullet 7, which is electrically connected to the ground by an automatic firearm 6, is electrically charged inside an inductor 5 connected to one pole of a direct voltage source 4. The second pole of source 4 is connected to earth. Moving along the trajectory 9 and getting through the hole 2 into the electrically conductive bullet catcher 8, the bullet is braked in it, which prevents damage to the electrode 1. Once in the bullet catcher, the bullet transmits its electric charge to it. Since the bullet catcher 8 is electrically connected to the electrode 1, the electrical charge supplied with each successive fired bullet is summed with the charge of the electrode and thereby forms a high voltage (potential) of the electrode 1 relative to the ground. The potential is preserved and accumulated due to the electrical insulation of the electrode relative to the earth using a dielectric stand 3.

The inductor can be made, for example, in the form of a metal tube, electrically isolated from the barrel of the weapon and located directly at the edge of the barrel [6, 7]. When an electric potential is applied to the inductor relative to the barrel of a weapon using a constant voltage source, a bullet emerging from the barrel that has not lost contact with a grounded barrel will be charged in the inductor's electric field and, detached from the barrel, will save the charge obtained.

With an initial energy of a bullet of the order of W = 1000 J (AK-74M machine gun) and the charge q formed on the bullet of q of the order of 10 ^-6 C (technically feasible), the electrode can be charged to a potential

U = W / q = ^{1000/10 -6} = 10 ⁹ V.

If the radius of the spherical electrode R is chosen to be 1 m, then the capacitance value of such a remote electrode will be [8]

C = 4πεε ₀ R = 4 * 3.14 * 1 * 8.85 * 10 ^-12 = 111 * 10 ^-12 F,

where ε is the relative dielectric constant of the environment surrounding the electrode (for air 1); ε ₀ is the dielectric constant of vacuum, equal to 8.85 * 10 ^-12 F / m.

With such a capacity to achieve the potential of the electrode, for example, 100 MB = 10 ⁸ V, charge is required

Q = U * C = 10 ⁸ * 111 * 10 ^-12 = 111 * 10 ^-4 Cl. To achieve the charge obtained, it will be necessary to produce about

N = Q / q = 111 * 10 ^-4 / 10 ^-6 = 11,100 shots.

This example demonstrates the technical possibility of obtaining a voltage of 100 MB using the proposed high-voltage electrostatic generator.

In the well-known high-voltage electrostatic generator (prototype) between the high-voltage electrode and the inductor are metal transport elements (pellets) in an amount of up to 50 pieces along one half of a closed circuit. The presence of conductive elements in the gap reduces the total distance occupied by the dielectric, which reduces the total electrical breakdown voltage.

In the proposed variant of the generator with a firing rate of 650 shot / min (AK-74M) at any time between the high-voltage electrode and the inductor, if the distance between them does not exceed 90 m, there is only one bullet. This provides an increase in the insulating gap under voltage by at least 50 times compared to the prototype with the same overall dimensions of the device. As a result, the generator electric resistance increases proportionally.

SOURCES OF INFORMATION

1. Timofeev P.V., Simchenko Yu.A. Β-electron emission in vacuum and its application. Radio engineering and electronics, 1960, 5, No. 8, p. 1197.

2. Electrical and Electronics. / B.I. Petlenko, Yu.M. Inkov, A.V. Krasheninnikov et al .; Ed. B.I. Petlenko. - M .: Publishing Center "Academy", 2003. - 320 p.

3. High-voltage electrostatic generator. Patent US 3612919 A.

4. Electrically-conducting materials. Patent US 3891868 A.

5. GOST P 52212—2004. Shooting shooting galleries. Protection armor and technical strength.

6. Ashikhmin A.S., Poznukhov A.V. Measurement of the speed of a bullet by the induced current method. Herald RGRTA, Ryazan. 2003, issue 12, pp 52-56.

7. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2184978.

8. Yavorsky B.M., Seleznev Yu.A. Handbook of Physics. M: "Science", 1975. - 624 p.

Claims (1)

A high-voltage electrostatic generator containing a hollow spherical electrode with an opening in the surface mounted on a dielectric rack, an electrical charge receiver located inside the electrode electrically connected, a set of metal transport elements insulated from each other, an inductor for communicating electrical charge to the transport elements located outside the electrode distance, ensuring the absence of electrical breakdown between the electrode and the inductor, the source constant voltage, connected by one pole to the inductor, and the second pole to the ground, and a mechanical drive providing continuous movement of transport elements from the inductor to the electric charge receiver, characterized in that the drive is made in the form of an automatic firearm electrically connected to the ground in the hole of the spherical electrode, metal transport elements made in the form of bullets fired from a firearm, and the receiver of the electric charge discharges Flax in the form of an electrically conductive bullet catcher.

Images