RU2694730C1 - Digging element of machine for harvesting of tuberous roots and onions - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the agricultural machine building. Digging element comprises under-digging element connected with frame by means of bracket in the form of set of elements for undermining each line of landing strip. Working surface of each of the under-digging elements is made with a convexity downward with a radius of curvature at least not less than the maximum diameter of the tuberous tuber.

EFFECT: high quality of separation of heaps of tuberous roots and onions due to preliminary separation of heap from soil impurities.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, and in particular to machines for harvesting of tubers and onions.

A device is known for digging up root crops and onions (Patent No. 2240671, IPC A01D 27/04, 2004), which contains a frame with an undercutting blade mounted on it, above which is placed a beater, and behind it is a separating bar drum located coaxially with the beater. The beater is made in the form of a drum, carrying a cantilever and radially fixed elastic blades. The gap between the bars of the separating bar drum is greater than the minimum diameter of the bulb, but less than the average diameter of the bulb. Inside the separating bar drum on its shaft there is a rigidly mounted auger, made with left and right windings from its middle. The sides of the separating bar drum have windows to remove impurities from it with a cross-sectional area of the windows equal to the cross-sectional area of the auger coil. The productivity separating ability of the device increases, damages and product losses decrease.

A disadvantage of the known device for digging up root crops and onions is the dropping of the bulbs between the lobes of the rear beater during harvesting, which leads to the loss of the harvested product. In addition, the beater, located behind the plowshare, does not ensure the destruction of the soil layer and the separation of soil impurities.

Known digging device potato digger KTN-2B (quick reference for machines for the cultivation and harvesting of potatoes. Uglanov MB, Grishchenko FV, Lukin VG and others. M., Kolos ", 1976), which is a flat passive plowshares.

Known potato digger KTH-2B, designed for digging potatoes on light and medium soils, screening the soil, partially separating the tubers from the tops and laying them on the surface of the field. Passive plowshares cut a tuberiferous stratum, which moves to the main bar elevator. The main bar of the grain elevator moves at a faster speed than the potato digger. Therefore, the reservoir entering it is pulled apart in the longitudinal direction and partially crushed, which facilitates the release of tubers.

The well-known potato digger has the following disadvantage in that the passive plowshares stick to the soil and do not crush the tubers, and on different soils it is not possible to change the position of the passive plowshare.

Known for digging the working body of the potato harvester (Patent No. 2197810, IPC A01D 17/00, 2003), which contains the main frame and plowshare pivotally connected to it. The working body has a movable frame and an elastic element, for example, a spring. The movable frame is installed on the main frame with the possibility of its movement relative to the main one. Ploughshare is installed with the possibility of impact on the movable frame. Opposite from the cutting edge, the end of the plowshare is connected with the frame of the rocker, located obliquely with the possibility of rotation in the direction of travel. A change in the depth of digging is provided depending on the topography of the dense soil bed in the ridge.

A disadvantage of the known digging tool is a change in the angle of installation of the plowshare to the soil surface, as a result of turning the plowshare on the frame of the rocker arm, which does not change the depth of soil digging, but worsens the transportation of the root crops and their loading on the working surface of the plowshare.

Known for digging the working body of a potato harvester (Patent No. 2025934, IPC C1 (01/09/1995), consisting of paired trough-shaped plowshares installed at an angle to the horizontal, which have the shape of half-cylinders with lower ends with sharp edges at sharp angles and cutting edges that are vertical side and adjacent walls, as well as a longitudinal protrusion to separate the flow of tubers.

The paired trough-shaped form of plowshares provides for the undermining of the entire tuberous nest, and not a single tuber, as mentioned above, and the presence of an adjacent vertical wall, eliminates the rise of the soil layer from the inter-row spacing, while the entire extracted soil layer together with the potato tubers is sent for cleaning on the separating working bodies, which adversely affects the quality indicators of the work of the harvesting machine.

Consequently, this working body only contributes to reducing losses when extracting potato tubers from the soil while simultaneously increasing the load on the separating working bodies of the harvesting machine, which leads to a decrease in the quality of commercial products, namely an increase in damage to potato tubers as a result of interaction with soil lumps in the harvesting bunker machines, as well as during its transportation for further post-harvest processing.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed device is selected as the prototype digging up plowshare machine for harvesting tubers (EP 0023369, IPC A01D 17/00, 1979), including the dripping element associated with the frame by means of a bracket, in the form of a set of elements for digging each lines of landing strip.

A significant disadvantage of the known digging device is that the digging plow, cutting the soil layer, feeds on the separating organs onions and soil lumps, which are difficult to separate on the separating organs.

The technical task of the invention is to improve the quality indicators of the separation of the heap of root and tuber crops and onions due to the preliminary separation of the heap from soil impurities.

The technical task is achieved by digging the organ of the machine for harvesting root and tuber crops and onions, including the undermining element associated with the frame by means of a bracket, as a set of elements for undermining each line of the landing strip, according to the invention, the working surface of each of the undermining elements is made downwards the radius of curvature is at least not less than the maximum diameter of the root-crop or onion.

FIG. 1 shows a general view of a digging organ of a machine for harvesting tubers and onions, side view; in fig. 2 - also, top view; FIG. 3 - also, rear view; in fig. 4 is a diagram of the operation of the machine digging machine for harvesting of tubers and onions.

Digging the body of the machine for harvesting of root and field crops and onions, mounted on frame 1 and fixed to bracket 2. The digging body is made in the form of a set of elements 3 for digging up each line of the planting strip. The working surface of each of the undermining elements 3 is convex downward with a radius of curvature that is at least not less than the maximum diameter of the root crop or onion, which prevents their displacement due to the force of the backwater and the deposition of the undermining elements 3 from the working surface. with a technological gap L not exceeding the minimum diameter of the standard fraction of the root-and-vegetable crop or onion, which is necessary to exclude the loss of the root-and-vegetable crop or bulbs and improve quality indicators heap purification for separating the primary and secondary separation working bodies in connection with the exception of the capture of soil between rows with root crops or bulbs. The implementation of the working surface of the convexity of the undermining elements 3 along the radius of curvature ρ, at least not less than the maximum diameter of the root-crop or onion, ensures the exclusion of their losses.

The device works as follows.

With the onward movement of the harvesting machine, the digging element 3 of each row, sunk to a small depth, cuts a layer of earth beneath the row of the location of the root crops or bulbs across the entire width of the sown strip. Roots or onions as a result of the action of the pressure of the reservoir overpressure move along the surface of the undermining element 3 without lateral displacement.

The soil from the inter-row space of the location of the crops, bulbs or bulbs remains in the technological gap L, formed by the undermining elements 3.

The proposed machine digging organ for harvesting of tubers and onions will improve the quality indicators of the separation of heaps of tubers and onions due to the preliminary separation of the heap from soil impurities.

Claims (1)

Digging the body of the machine for harvesting root crops and onions, including the undermining element associated with the frame by means of a bracket, in the form of a set of elements for undermining each line of the landing strip, characterized in that the working surface of each of the undermining elements is convex downward with a radius of curvature of at least , not less than the maximum diameter of the root crop or onion.

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