RU2693655C1 - Method for flood control - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hydraulic engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of hydraulic engineering. Purpose is prevention of flood during spring flood. Method includes construction on ice cover 2 at river banks 1 of water-protection device made in form of a pair of snow rolls 6 with formation of channel 5 for flood water flow between them. Channel 5 is formed at the middle of river bed 1 and tributaries all along the mouth. Snow cover 3 of ice cover 2 is removed by a pair of graders 7 moving in series and symmetrically to center of river bed 1 and tributaries. Snow shafts 6 on both sides of channel 5 are hardened by exposure to exhaust gases of motor graders 7 with subsequent natural freezing with formation on their surface of strong bed 11. At the place where river 1 enters water reservoir 12, for example, by blasting and removal of ice fragments, extensive wormwood 13 is formed to drain flood water into it.

EFFECT: technical result is prevention of flooding in river floodplain on its entire length and due to this introduction of agricultural lands to economic circulation and prevention of flooding of villages and cities.

4 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of hydraulic engineering and is aimed at creating a method that ensures unobstructed flow of spring flood water along the river.

In the basins of the lowland rivers, with a small hydraulic bias, the flow rate of the water is small, and in the spring, due to the resistance of high snow cover with hard crust, its movement is extremely reduced. Unable to overcome this resistance, flood water overflows its banks and spreads over considerable territory, flooding agricultural lands in the floodplain of the river and even settlements and cities. Losses from spring flooding with floods to eliminate their consequences — the evacuation of residents and animals, as well as compensation for the loss or damage to housing, are annually made up of multimillion-dollar costs and the employment of a large number of rescuers, workers and residents.

There is a method of protecting the population and territories from flooding, which includes the construction of a local water-containment device at the site of a possible river spill, made in the form of an ice dam, frozen directly on the ice cover of the river, the ends of which come ashore (Patent RF №2225915, M. Кл. Е02В 3/00, 2004. Analog).

The disadvantage of this method is that it does not prevent flooding of flood water all along the river and eliminates the consequence, and not the cause of flooding of the river floodplain. In addition, the construction of a dam by freezing ice blocks is a slow and laborious process.

There is also known a method for combating floods, including the erection of an ice dam on a potentially flooded coast to a height exceeding the maximum level of possible water rise from the blocks of ice covering the river obtained by sawing (Patent RF №2547764, M. CL. Е02В 3/00, 2015 Prototype).

The disadvantage of this method is that the ice dam is also erected only in places of potentially flooded river banks, which does not solve the problem of unimpeded water flow along its entire length and also does not eliminate the cause of the river spills, as it does not eliminate the resistance of the snow cover to the flow of flood water . In addition, the cutting of blocks from the ice cover of the river is a labor-intensive operation with high costs of manual labor.

The aim of the invention is to ensure the smooth flow of flood water from the source to the mouth of the river by eliminating the resistance of the snow cover.

The technical result is a significant reduction in the possibility of floods in the floodplain of the river along its entire length and due to this, the reduction of material and labor costs for flood control, as well as the use of large areas of agricultural land in economic circulation.

The technical task and the result is achieved by removing a strip of snow cover from the middle of the river bed and tributaries, up to the mouth, from the surface of its ice cover and moving the snow to the banks with the formation of a channel for the flow of flood water over the ice-free snow. A water barrier in the form of hardened snow rolls on both sides of the channel is constructed from the removed snow.

These signs are necessary and sufficient for carrying out the invention and achieving a technical result.

The features of the invention are also:

- that the channel for the flow of flood water is formed by a pair of graders or snow machines that move consistently symmetrically in the middle of the river bed along its entire length and tributaries;

- that the surface of each snow roll is strengthened by exposure to it by the exhaust gases of the engines of the graders and subsequent natural freezing to form crust;

- that at the place where the river flows into the reservoir, for example, by blasting and removing fragments of ice, they form an extensive wormwood for the flood water to flow into it.

These features are optional, as they create an additional technical result and can be replaced by other equivalent features.

The causal link between the new features and the technical result achieved is that removing from the middle of the river bed and tributaries, up to the mouth of the snow cover from its ice cover, made it possible to build a channel for unhindered flow of flood water through the ice of the canal freed from snow;

- the movement of snow from the middle of the river and its tributaries to the banks allowed to build a water-enclosing device on both sides of the canal in the form of hardened snow rolls;

- the formation of a channel for the flow of flood water by a pair of graders, which move consistently and symmetrically in the middle of the riverbed and its tributaries, made it possible to build a channel wide enough to divert flood water;

- the impact of engine exhaust graders on the surface of the snow rollers, followed by natural freezing, allowed them to harden due to the formation on the surface of a solid crust;

- the formation of an extensive polynya at the place where the river flows into, by, for example, blasting and removing ice fragments from it, allowed for the discharge of flood water from the river mouth.

The listed main and additional features are fundamentally new and significant, since they ensure the flow of flood water over the ice of a canal made in the snow cover of a river with minimal resistance to its movement. This created the conditions for the unimpeded flow of flood water along the entire length of the river, its discharge into the reservoir and the substantial prevention of floods. The increase in the volume of flood water leads to an increase in its speed of movement along the channel.

The technological process of flood control is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 and 2 show the formation of a channel for the flow of floodwater, and FIG. 3 - formation and strengthening of the snow rolls by exposure to them by the exhaust gases of the engines of the graders.

The method is as follows. At the beginning of spring on the river 1 (and tributaries), symmetrically from two sides of its middle, from the ice cover 2, snow cover 3 is removed and moved to the side of coast 4 with formation of channel 5 and snow rolls 6 on its sides. Cleaning 3 snow spend a pair of front graders 7 light class, for example, model Twister, with 8 dumps with a length of 10-12 meters. At the same time on the surface of each snow roll 6 is exposed to hot exhaust gases flowing through the pipeline 9 under the reflector. 10 from engine exhaust pipes of graders 7. Hot exhaust gases melt the surface layer of snow rollers 6, which after passing by graders 7 naturally freeze and strengthen their side walls, forming a strong crust 11. Graders 7 move in pairs one after the other symmetrically in the middle of the river 1 and tributaries along its entire length. At the confluence of the river 1 into the reservoir 12, by, for example, blasting, they form a wide wormwood 13 to drain floodwater into it. Workers and support staff, providing work to combat flooding, from time to time "on a rotational basis" is replaced by a different composition. Graders 7 with auxiliary equipment, fuel and livelihoods move to the final path and remain in the last, along the river, settlement. The flow of flood water through the created channel 5 without obstacles, at a speed that exceeds the flow rate of the river’s water under the ice, moves into the mouth and goes through the wormwood 13 into the reservoir 12. The excess flow rate of the flood water is due to the fact that it moves along the ice cover of channel 2 5 and does not experience resistance as a result of the absence of snow cover 3, while the movement of water in the river 1 is experiencing great resistance from the bottom of the irregularities of the bottom, and from above the lower surface of the ice.

The use of this method can significantly reduce the possibility of floods throughout the length of the river and tributaries and eliminate multimillion-dollar costs to eliminate flooding of floodplains of the river and tributaries, settlements and cities from their spills in the spring.

Claims (4)

1. A method of combating flooding, including the construction of a water-enclosing device in the form of a snow roll on the ice cover of a river, characterized in that in the middle of the river bed and tributaries, all the way to the mouth, snow is removed from the surface of the ice and moved to the banks to form a channel a floodwater runoff, and a water barrier in the form of snow rolls is constructed from distant snow on both sides of the channel. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the channel for the flow of flood water is formed by a pair of graders that move consistently and symmetrically in the middle of the riverbed and its tributaries along its entire length and at the same time form snow rolls. 3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the surface of the snow rollers is strengthened by exposure to the exhaust gases of the engines of the graders, followed by natural freezing and the formation of a solid crust on their surface. 4. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that at the confluence of the river into the reservoir, by, for example, blasting and removing fragments of ice, form an extensive wormwood for the flow of flood water into it.

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