RU2692012C2 - Device for water drain assembly, comprising tubular element, attached to sanitary instrument by means of nut, intended for attachment of drain neck - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: sewerage.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to sewage equipment. Device comprises tubular element (1), on one end of which there is flange (11) and outlet (10) communicating with said device for discharge of drained water, nut (2) configured to interact with tubular member for connection of drainage assembly in assembly with sanitary instrument, drain neck (3) made with possibility of connection with the above tubular element, at least one drain pipe (4) coming out of drain neck (3). Nut (2) comprises retainer for attachment of drain neck (3). Drain neck (3) is characterized by availability of the area for arrangement of the lower part of the nut. Nut has a screwing axis, around which passes said lower area, characterized by the presence of part of a conical or spherical shape, designed to interact with location area, thus providing possibility of drain neck (3) rotation relative to nut (2) around at least one axis of rotation, perpendicular to axis of screwing and perpendicular to drain pipe (4).EFFECT: fast and simple assembly of a device characterized by high mechanical resistance and tightness maintained over time.10 cl, 17 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the design and manufacture of sewage equipment, in particular to the design of components of the sewer system pipeline, and in particular to devices mounted in sanitary appliances to ensure the discharge of water through this device into the sewer system.

More specifically, the present invention relates to a sanitary assembly, comprising:

- a tubular element, at one end of which a flange is made, and the tubular element, among other things, is characterized by the presence of an outlet opening communicating with a sanitary-technical device for draining drained water;

- a nut adapted to cooperate with a tubular element for connecting a drainage device assembled with a sanitary appliance, the tubular member being inserted into the branch pipe at the base of the sanitary appliance, thus pressing the flange to the sanitary appliance;

- drain neck, made with the possibility of connection with the tubular element to drain the flowing water in the tubular element;

- at least one drain pipe coming out of the drain neck and by means of which the device for discharging water in the collection communicates with the sewage sewage system.

In general, such a device assembly contains, among other things, an outlet shut-off valve and a valve control system for changing its position (opening and closing the outlet).

The present invention relates to water drainage devices assembled in any type of sanitary appliances, in particular in washbasins or sinks, kitchen sinks, bathtubs, shower trays or trays, etc.

Installation of standard devices for draining the water assembly is as follows: the tubular element is inserted from top to bottom into the corresponding hole in the sanitary equipment so that the flange is located on the sanitary equipment.

The tubular element is characterized by the presence of a thread for a reliable connection with the sanitary equipment by means of a nut, screwed on the lower end of the tubular element, passing into the sanitary equipment. The nut is screwed to full tightening. Then a drain mouth is installed on the lower end of the tubular element, which is then connected to the sewer system.

It should be noted that in this configuration, the tubular element performs the function of the drain neck of the device for draining the assembly.

This type of water drainage assembly has a number of disadvantages.

First, such devices for discharging water in an assembly form a rather cumbersome structure under the sanitary equipment.

Thus, in general, there is a need to minimize the length of the structure of the water drainage device assembly due to the proposed structure.

Indeed, downsizing is especially important for configurations that are installed directly under the sanitary equipment. The device for discharging the water assembly takes up precisely this space, thus reducing the free area and / or degrading the overall appearance.

The need to reduce the length of the drainage device assembly is also due to the fact that now there is less free space under the bathtubs and shower trays.

Another problem with the classic water drainage assembly, known from the prior art of the present invention, is associated with certain phases of their installation on sanitary engineering equipment.

Moreover, in the case of complete water drainage devices for draining the shower, there are situations when the drainage device is installed in a surface that can be deformed by the weight of the user in the immediate vicinity of the water drain. Such deformation of the surface can lead to a change in the angle of inclination of the drain pipe extending from the drainage device assembly, and the pipe connecting the water drainage device assembly to the sewer system. Therefore, as a result of this mechanical work done by the connected parts, the tightness of the connection can be broken.

Indeed, speaking, in particular, about the connection to the sewer system, the user must combine the tube with the drainage device in order to connect them. To do this, the drain pipe coming out of the drain neck must be positioned so that it can be inserted into the supplied tube. Therefore, the user cannot adjust the angular position of the drain nozzle coming out of the drain neck to fix it on the tubular element. Among other things, the user needs to adjust the length of the tube by cutting the desired length in accordance with the position of the drain pipe located on the drain neck. If the tube is too long, the user will have to slightly bend the tube (usually made of PVC), which will lead to the transfer of stress from the tube to the drain neck, which ultimately will affect the connection with the tubular element, deteriorating with time the mechanical resistance of the entire device and / or its tightness.

Therefore, the aim of the present invention is to eliminate these disadvantages of the prior art to which the present invention relates.

More specifically, it is an object of the present invention to provide a device for draining an assembly assembled in sanitary equipment, having a shorter length than similar devices for draining an assembly known in the prior art.

It is also an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for discharging a complete water assembly that allows quick and easy installation.

It is also an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for discharging a complete water assembly, characterized by high mechanical resistance and tightness, maintained over time.

These and other objectives, which will become clear later, are achieved by the present invention, the object of which is a device for discharging water in an assembly, designed for installation with a sanitary-technical device for ensuring the release of water through the specified device, comprising:

- a tubular element, at one end of which a flange and an outlet are formed, communicating with the said device for draining drained water;

- nut, made with the possibility of interaction with the tubular element for connecting the device for draining the assembly with a sanitary device;

- drain neck made with the possibility of connection with the specified tubular element;

- at least one drain pipe coming out of the drain neck, characterized in that the nut contains retaining means for fixing the drain neck,

while the drain neck is characterized by the presence of an area for placing the lower part of the nut, and the nut has a screw axis around which the specified lower area, characterized by the presence of a part of a conical or spherical shape, designed to interact with the area to be placed, thus providing the possibility of turning the drain neck relative to nuts around at least one axis of rotation perpendicular to the axis of the screw and perpendicular to the drain pipe.

Thus, thanks to the device for discharging the water assembly according to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the length of the device for discharging water in the collection.

Indeed, in accordance with the solutions known from the prior art of the present invention, the neck of the siphon (or in this context, the drain neck) is screwed onto the lower part of the tubular element, which in turn is connected to the sanitary equipment by means of the nut. However, it is necessary that the lower threaded part of the tubular element has the smallest size, allowing the second fixing nut of the siphon neck or drain neck to be screwed in at the required number of revolutions.

Conversely, in accordance with the present invention, the retaining means is provided directly on the nut, thereby achieving a reduction in the length of the screwed tubular element and fixing the neck of the siphon or drain neck to the tubular element.

By providing an area for placement and a part of a conical or spherical shape, if the tube connecting the drainage device assembly to the sewer network is not horizontal, it becomes possible to position the drain neck at an angle relative to its axis of rotation to adjust the angular position of the drain nozzle relative to the position pipe leading to the sewer system.

It should be understood that this property provides an additional degree of freedom for the drain neck (the possibility of rotation around a horizontal axis of rotation located perpendicular to the drain nozzle), thereby avoiding or minimizing the voltage transfer in the connecting tube with the drain neck in case of incorrect alignment of the connecting tube and drain pipe. As a result, this transfer of stresses leads to the release of the clamps of the connection from the annular groove of the nut, and the clamps are characterized by a limited ability to hold the drain neck in the nut.

This advantage is confirmed at the time of installation of the device for draining the water assembly, and also during the installation of the device for draining the water assembly in the floor (for example, in the case of installation of the device for draining water in the shower), which may slightly deform under the weight of the user close to the device for draining the water assembly, as a result of which the angles of inclination, respectively, of the drain pipe coming out of the drain neck and the pipe for connection with the sewer system can change.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the drain neck comprises connecting elements with retaining means for forming a clamping connection.

Due to this property, the installation is carried out quickly, in particular the installation of a drain neck, which does not require screwing.

In this case, the connecting elements preferably contain at least two clamps located opposite to each other, and the retaining means is characterized by the presence of an annular groove made with the possibility of the location of two clamps in it.

Thus, the installation of clamps, and hence the drain neck, is possible 360 ° around the tubular element. Therefore, the drain pipe coming out of the drain neck can be installed at any angle. In other words, the user can quickly and easily adjust the position of the drain nozzle relative to the position of the pipe connecting the drainage device to the sewer system.

In accordance with the preferred embodiment, the axis of rotation is formed by two latches opposite to each other.

These latches perform a double function, namely, they fix the drain neck in the nut and ensure the rotation of the drain neck relative to the nut around a horizontal axis located perpendicular to the drain pipe.

In accordance with the preferred embodiment, the area for placement is formed by a gasket located in the drain neck.

In this case, the gasket is mainly characterized by the presence of an annular contact area with which the lower region of the nut contacts, thus providing a tight connection.

Thus, the drain neck is installed in some way freely relative to the nut, at the same time providing tight contact and the ability to move relative to the horizontal axis of rotation, which is located perpendicular to the drain nozzle.

In this case, the drain neck is mainly characterized by the presence of an internal protrusion forming the seat under the gasket.

Consequently, quick and easy installation of the gasket from the inside of the drain neck is ensured.

In accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the drain pipe may comprise an engagement means adapted to engage the drain neck with the external pipe.

In this case, the coupling means contains a captive nut.

This feature, which will be described in more detail later, provides a simple and quick installation and connection of the drain pipes in accordance with the present invention.

Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will become clearer after reading the description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, given as a clear and non-limiting example, made with reference to the accompanying figures, in which:

- in fig. 1 schematically shows a perspective view of a device for discharging water assembly according to the present invention in an assembled state;

- in fig. 2 shows a vertical sectional view of a device for discharging water assembly in accordance with the present invention in an assembled state;

- in fig. 3 shows an element-by-element view of a device for discharging the water assembly according to the present invention

- in fig. 4 and 5 show a sectional view and a perspective view of a nut and a drain neck of a device for discharging water according to the present invention in a disassembled state;

- in fig. 6 and 7 are side and cross-sectional views of a nut and a drain neck of a device for draining an assembly in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention in an assembled state;

- in fig. 7a and 7b show the nut and the drain neck of the device for draining the complete water assembly in accordance with the second embodiment of the present invention in a disassembled state;

- in fig. 8 shows a general view of the connecting means according to the present invention together with an end fastening element;

- in fig. 9-11 schematically show views in longitudinal section, front view and side view, respectively, of the connecting means according to the present invention without an end fastening element;

- in fig. 12 and 13 schematically show a top view and a general view, respectively, of an end fastener;

- in fig. 14 and 15 schematically show a side view and a longitudinal sectional view of a connecting means according to the present invention with an end fastening element located in the receiving position;

- in fig. 16 and 17 schematically show a side view and a longitudinal sectional view of a connecting means according to the present invention with an end fastening element in the locked position.

FIG. 1-3 shows a device for draining water in the collection according to the present invention, designed for installation with a sanitary device to ensure the release of water from this device, containing:

- a tubular element 1, at one end of which a flange 11 and an outlet 10 are made, communicating with a device for draining drained water;

- nut 2, made with the possibility of interaction with the tubular element for connecting the device for draining the assembly with a sanitary device;

- drain neck 3, made with the possibility of connection with the tubular element;

- at least one drain pipe 4, coming out of the drain neck, and the drain pipe 4 and the drain neck 3 together form a solid element.

As a rule, the nut 2 is screwed onto the thread 12 of the tubular element, and the screwing is performed until fixation is achieved with the sanitary device (shown by the dotted line in FIG. 1) between the flange 11 of the tubular element and the nut 2.

In accordance with the present invention, the nut comprises a retaining means 20 of a drain neck.

As shown in FIG. 3-5, this retaining means is formed by an annular groove 200 bounded by a lower protrusion 21, the annular groove being adapted to accommodate a connecting element formed by a drain neck, the connecting element being adapted to be connected to the retaining means formed by the annular groove due to the clamping connections.

In accordance with this embodiment, this connecting element comprises two clamps 30 opposite to each other, each of which consists of:

- the finger 300, located in the upper part, made with the possibility of interaction with the retaining means of the nut;

- Executive lever 301, which is a means by which the user can act to move the finger 300;

- the hinge 302, above which there is a finger, and under which - the executive lever, and the hinge 302 is formed by an elastically deformable section.

Thus, during the impact to the executive lever directed toward the center, the pin 300 is extended (moved from the center) by the latch, which rotates relative to the hinge 302. After cessation of the action on the executive lever 301, the elastic properties of the hinge 302 cause a reverse movement, which pushes the finger 300 in the direction to the center.

As shown in FIG. 2 and 4, the retaining means, which is formed in the nut, is formed by an annular groove 200, forming a seat for the retainers 30.

Thus, when the drain neck is connected to the nut by inserting the drain neck in the direction of the axis of the nut, the clips 30 come into contact with the lower protrusion 21 of the annular groove by means of the fingers 300, which are moved apart from the center, ensuring the connection of the drain neck and the nut. After the fingers 300 pass the lower protrusion 21, the hinges 302 push the fingers 300 of the fasteners 30 into the annular groove. The locking pins 300 are located on the lower protrusion 21, as shown in FIG. 2

In order to separate the drain neck 3 and the nut 2, the user simply presses the actuating levers 301 towards the center in order to pull the fingers 300 of the retainers out of the ring groove, the fingers 300 must pass through the lower lug 21, separating the drain neck and the nut.

Moreover, in view of the screw-on axis A of the nut and the lower area 22 located around this screw-axis A, the drain neck comprises an area 310 for accommodating the lower area 22 of the nut.

Moreover, the lower region 22 is characterized by a conical or spherical shape designed to interact with the region 310 for placement with the provision of free movement of the drain neck relative to the nut around the axis of rotation perpendicular to the screw axis A and the longitudinal axis of the drain pipe 4 of the drain neck.

In accordance with the preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 1-4, the C axis of rotation of the drain neck relative to the nut is formed by two clamps 30 opposite to each other.

Moreover, the accommodation area 310 is formed by a gasket located in the drain neck.

This gasket 31, as shown in FIG. 4, is located on the inner protrusion 32 of the drain neck, and this protrusion forms a seat under the gasket. Moreover, the gasket is advantageously characterized by the presence of an annular contact region 311 with which the lower region 22 of the nut contacts, thus providing a tight connection, as shown in FIG. 2

According to FIG. 3 gasket 31, among other things, is characterized by:

- the presence of a pair of holes 312, located opposite to each other and forming a channel for the fingers 300 of the clamps 30, through which they enter the annular groove of the nut;

- the presence of the lower part 313 mounted on the ledge 312 of the drain neck;

- and the lower part 313 is closed by a rim 314, providing a tight connection with the nut in the manner described below.

It should be noted that the height of the rim 314 depends on the maximum angular movement of the joint relative to the nut during its rotation around the axis C formed by the fingers 300 of the fasteners 30. Thus, the upper wall 23 of the annular groove is a holding means 20 made in the nut to hold the drain neck, is in constant contact at 360 ° with the upper edge of the rim 314 strip 31.

FIG. 6 and 7 show a side view and a sectional view of an example of the location of the drain neck at an angle, where the longitudinal axis B of the discharge pipe 4 forms an angle of several degrees with the axis D, perpendicular to axis A, which is the axis of the screwing in of the nut. As shown in FIG. 6 and 7, with this angled arrangement, the width of the rim 314 of the gasket 31 increases, ensuring its contact with the upper wall 23 of the annular groove of the nut, while on the opposite side the rim 314 is squeezed and forms a thickening under the action of such force and restriction for the upper wall 23 of the annular groove the nuts.

Of course, such deformation in diametrically opposite points of the rim 314 of the gasket occurs in any position around the circumference of the 360 ° drain nozzle 4 relative to the axis A of screwing the nut.

It should be noted that a dip tube can be installed in such an assembly for discharging water according to the present invention, turning the drain neck into the mouth of the siphon. For this purpose, the nut 2 contains a second annular groove 24 in which the gasket 25 is placed and held, the position and size of which provides a tight connection with a dip tube (not shown).

In accordance with another embodiment shown in FIG. 7a and 7b, the connection of the drain neck 3 with the nut 2 is ensured as follows: on the latches 30, a groove 303 is made to accommodate the inner annular thickening 201 formed on the inner wall of the nut. To disconnect the drain neck and the nut, you need to push the clips 30 towards the center.

It should be noted that in the grooves 303 there is a notch 3030, on both sides of which are extending sections 3031 (for example, about 2), which allow the nut to rotate relative to the clamps (around the axis connecting the two notches 3030 of the clamps).

In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, in accordance with this embodiment shown in FIG. 1-7, the drain pipe 4 comprises a clutch means 40, which ensures the coupling of the drain neck 3 with the external pipe (not shown).

Preferably, the engagement means is a captive nut or end fastener, described later.

As shown in FIG. 8, the captive nut 81 is part of the coupling means 81 located on the drain neck.

The connecting means form a socket 811, designed to accommodate the outer tube (Fig. 8, 14 and 15).

This connecting means comprises an annular gasket 812, an end fastening element 813 (formed by a captive nut) and compression elements 814 of an annular gasket.

The end fastening element 813 is movable between at least the receiving position (FIGS. 14 and 15) and the locking position (FIGS. 16 and 17).

The inner diameter of the ring gasket ensures the free movement of the second pipe in the end fastening element, which is in the receiving position.

The annular gasket is designed to ensure tightness, as well as the coupling of the connecting means and the second pipe. In fact, the movement of the end fastener from the receiving position to the locking position results in a radial, at least centrally directed, deformation of the ring gasket 812 by means of a compression element 814 with a decrease in the internal diameter of the ring gasket to press it to the second pipe in order to keep the latter inside the socket .

FIG. 9 shows a compression member 814 comprising a beveled member 8140 in the coupling means at the front of the socket. The bevelled element provides a radial, at least directional to the center, deformation of the ring gasket 812, acting along the circumference of the ring gasket.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the connecting means shown in FIG. 8-17, the end fastener is adapted to move with a thread. More specifically, the end fastener is characterized by having threaded portions 85 complementary to the threaded turns 86 on the connecting means.

Threaded sections 85 are made on the inner surface of the end fastener and, in particular, their number is four.

FIG. 12 shows four threaded portions 85 located on an end fastening element 813.

As can be seen, the threaded sections are made protruding, and according to their projection on the plane of FIG. 12 are characterized by profiles that:

- pass, respectively, on the circumference of the end fastener;

- do not contact with each other.

The connecting means comprises means 83 for fixing the end fastener on the pipe, which secures the end fastener 813.

The fixing means 83 are located on the front of the threaded turns 86. Thus, the end fastener forcibly passes (or slides on) into the receiving position, pushing the threaded portions 85 through the fixing means 83. Such means of fixation create an obstacle to the exit (or fastening) of the end fastening element from the receiving position (in the absence of intentional user action).

Preferably, and as shown in FIG. 8, 10 and 14, the fixation means 83 are in the shape of at least one tooth 830.

Threaded sections may have different lengths. Thus, these threaded portions function as “safety elements” and provide simple and proper installation of the end fastener. FIG. 17, it can be seen that the “safety elements” allow the use of visual marks 870, 871, which are made in predetermined positions, which indicate whether the end fastener is in the desired latching position (the marks must be aligned).

Threaded sections and threaded turns are made in such a way as to ensure movement from the receiving position to the locking position by performing a quarter turn or one eighth turn.

As shown in FIG. 14-17, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the connecting means comprises an end fastening element adapted to be moved by means of a threaded connection in increments of one quarter of a turn. Such a threaded connection is characterized by particular ease and speed of execution, in particular in a confined space, and / or by an inexperienced person.

Moreover, the connecting means are characterized by having at least one stop 84 for setting the end fastening element 813 to the locking position.

As shown in FIG. 8 and 12, these lugs 84 for installation in the locking position are located on the threaded turns 86 of the connecting means and thus resist the passage of the threaded portions 85 during the movement of the end fastening element to the locking position and from the locking position.

In this case, and as seen in FIG. 12 and 13, the threaded portions 85 are characterized by the presence of grooves 850. These grooves 850 are complementary in shape with stops 84 for installation in the locked position. Thus, the locking position corresponds to the position in which the lugs providing the locking position fit into the slots 850.

The stops for installation in the desired position create resistance to movement of the end fastener when fixing and unlocking the connecting means. As described above, this resistance ensures that the end fastener is held in the locked position, and also signals the user that the locked position has been reached. This ensures an effective fixation of the connecting means.

The connecting means is characterized by having at least one installation stop (not shown) of the pipe inside the socket.

This stop may be in the form of, for example, a protrusion on the inner diameter of the socket, against which the end of the second pipe rests. Thus, the second pipe can be hooked on this protrusion in the socket, thus determining the optimal input distance of the second pipe.

As shown in FIG. 15 and 17, the ring gasket is located in the end fastening element, and in particular, is made by a re-molding method in the end fastening element.

An annular gasket 812 is characterized by the presence of an edge 8120 extending parallel to the axis of insertion of the second pipe into the socket. The outer edge 8121 of the edge 8120 is beveled complementary to the beveled element 8140 on the connecting means located on the front of the socket. The bevelled outer edge is specially designed in such a way as to interact with the compressing element for radially directed toward the center of deformation of the gasket.

FIG. 8 and FIG. 14-17 show the operating principle of the coupling means.

First, the end fastener is moved to its receiving position (FIG. 14).

Then the second pipe 82 is transferred from the preparatory position (FIG. 14) to the insertion position (FIG. 15). As shown in FIG. 15, the outer tube 82 is inserted into the socket 811, but in such a way that it can move freely. The end fastener 813 is in the receiving position, the compressing elements 814 do not act on the annular gasket, the internal diameter of which is currently greater than the external diameter of the second pipe 82.

As shown in FIG. 16 and 17, the end fastener is in the locked position reached by screwing in a quarter turn. By screwing the end fastener, the end fastener moves along the threaded portions, the gasket 812 located on the end fastener approaches the beveled member 8140, and the visual marks 870, 871 are aligned.

As shown in FIG. 17, the ring gasket is pressed against the second pipe and holds said outer pipe inside the socket.

Indeed, as a result of moving the end fastener from the receiving position to the locking position, the bevelled element 8140 contacts the ring gasket 812 and compresses it circumferentially, deforming it radially toward the center, thereby clamping the second pipe.

Claims (16)

1. Device for draining water in the collection, designed for installation with sanitary device to ensure the release of water through the specified device, containing: - a tubular element (1), at one end of which a flange (11) and an outlet (10) are connected, which communicate with the said device for draining drained water; - nut (2), made with the possibility of interaction with the tubular element for connecting the device for draining the assembly with the sanitary device; - drain neck (3), made with the possibility of connection with the specified tubular element; - at least one drain pipe (4) extending from the drain neck (3), characterized in that the nut (2) contains retaining means (20) for fastening the drain neck (3), the drain neck (3) is characterized by the presence of a region (310) for accommodating the lower part (22) of the nut, and the nut has an axis (A) of screwing around which said lower region (22) passes, characterized by the presence of a part of a conical or spherical shape to interact with the area (310) for placement, thus providing the possibility of rotation of the drain neck (3) relative to the nut (2) around at least one axis of rotation (C) perpendicular to the axis of the (A) screw and perpendicular to the drain nozzle (four). 2. A device for draining the water assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the drain neck (3) comprises a connecting element with retaining means (20) for forming a clamping connection. 3. A device for draining the water assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that the connecting element contains at least two clamps (30) located opposite to each other, while the retaining means (20) is characterized by having an annular groove (200) forming a seat for clamps (30). 4. A device for discharging water assembly according to claim 3, characterized in that the axis (C) of rotation is formed by two latches (30) located opposite to each other. 5. A device for draining the water assembly according to claim 4, characterized in that the area (310) for placement is formed by a gasket (31) located in the drain neck (3). 6. A device for draining water assembly according to claim 5, characterized in that the gasket (31) is characterized by the presence of an annular contact region (311) with which the lower region (22) of the nut (2) contacts to ensure a tight connection. 7. A device for draining water assembly according to claim 5, characterized in that the drain neck (3) is characterized by the presence of an internal protrusion (312), forming a seat under the gasket (31). 8. A device for draining water assembly according to claim 6, characterized in that the drain neck (3) is characterized by the presence of an internal protrusion (312), forming a saddle under the gasket (31). 9. A device for draining the water assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the outlet pipe (4) comprises a clutch means (40) ensuring adhesion of the drain neck (3) with the outer pipe. 10. A device for draining water assembly according to claim 9, characterized in that the coupling means (40) comprise a captive nut (81).

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